Kuyini ukucindezelwa kwe-WinRAR delta nokuthi ungakuthola kanjani okuningi kukho?

Uma uke wahlangabezana nezinketho ezithuthukile ze-WinRAR Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi i-"Delta Compression" ingeyani, ufikile endaweni efanele. Lesi silungiselelo siyingxenye yesethi yamapharamitha adizayinelwe ukuminyanisa amaphuzu ambalwa engeziwe okucindezela aphume kudatha ecaciswe kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenzisa kabi kungase kubambezele umsebenzi noma kwenze imiphumela ibe mibi nakakhulu.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzothola incazelo ecacile nephelele kakhulu mayelana Iyini i-WinRAR delta compression, isebenza kanjani, isetshenziswa nini, futhi ihlangana kanjani? nokunye okulungisiwe njengokusesha kwebanga elide, ukusesha okuphelele, noma ukucubungula kusengaphambili okusebenzisekayo kwe-x86. Uzobona futhi ukuthi ingena kanjani kusethi yezinketho zohlelo (ifomethi ye-RAR/ZIP, isichazamazwi, ukucindezela okuqinile), kanye nokubheka i-syntax yomugqa ngamunye imiyalo kulabo abakhetha ukulawula imilimitha.

Kuyini ngempela ukucindezelwa kwe-delta ku-WinRAR?

I-WinRAR delta compression iyindlela yokucubungula ngaphambilini ihlukanisa idatha ibe amashaneli ebhayithi elilodwa futhi igcine umehluko (deltas) phakathi kwawo esikhundleni samanani aphelele. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu kumafayela anezakhiwo eziphindaphindayo namaphethini afanayo, njengamathebula edatha athile noma ukusakaza lapho amanani eshintsha kancane phakathi kokuma okulandelanayo.

Empeleni, le ndlela ivumela i-algorithm yokucindezela eyinhloko ukuthi ithole ukuxoshwa kalula, ukunciphisa i-entropy ebonakalayo kanye nokuthuthukisa isilinganiso sokucindezelaAyihlali iletha izinzuzo, kodwa uma idatha ilingana naleyo phrofayela (amathebula, izakhiwo zezinombolo, uchungechunge oluthile), ingenza umehluko obonakalayo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi lo mqondo ne-HTTP “Delta Encoding,” indlela yokudlulisa ethumela kuphela izinguquko ezihlotshaniswa nenguqulo yangaphambilini yesisetshenziswa; Nakuba babelana ngegama elithi "delta", baphishekela izinhloso ezahlukene. futhi usebenze kumazinga ahluke ngokuphelele.

Isebenza kanjani: Iziteshi kanye nomehluko we-byte-by-byte

Uma ukuminyanisa kwe-delta kunikwe amandla, i-WinRAR ibolisa ukusakaza kungene iziteshi eziningi zebhayithi eyodwa futhi ibala umehluko phakathi kwezakhi ezihambisanayo kulowo mzila. Cabanga ngethebula elinamakholomu aphindaphindayo: i-delta "icaba" ukuhluka ukuze i-compressor eyinhloko (i-LZ nokunye okufanayo) ithole ukuphindaphinda okude.

Ipharamitha yokucindezela kwe-delta ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe inani lamashaneli, phakathi kuka-1 no-31Inani elikhulu lamashaneli lingasiza ngezakhiwo ezinkulu noma idatha enezikhathi ezingaguquki, nakuba iziteshi ezikhulayo ngaphandle kwemibandela zingase zinganikezi intuthuko futhi zingase zikhuphuke. el tiempo Yokucindezela.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kucubungula kusengaphambili kwenza umqondo kudatha encike endaweni kanye namaphethini avamile; Kudatha ecindezelwe kakade noma engahleliwe ngeke ubone izinzuzo, futhi ungakwazi ngisho nokujezisa isivinini.

Lapho icushwa khona futhi ihambisana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindlela

Ku-graphical interface, ukucindezela kwe-delta kuvela ngaphakathi kwe- Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe zefomethi ye-RAR/RAR5, kanye nezinye izici ezinjengokusesha ibanga elide, ukusesha okuphelele, nokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kokusebenzisekayo kwe-x86. Lokhu akutholakali ku-ZIP.

Emugqeni womyalo, ilawulwa ngesilungisi -mc, i-syntax yayo ivumelana nezimo: -mc[canales][modo][+ o -]. Ngale ndlela, ungachaza ukuthi zingaki iziteshi ongazisebenzisa (ezifanele kuphela i-delta) nokuthi iyiphi imodi okufanele isetshenziswe.

Izindlela ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa D (delta), E (x86 executable), L (usesho lwebanga elide), kanye no-X (usesho oluphelele)Kufomethi ye-RAR 5.0, ukusebenzisana kukhawulelwe ku-D no-E; U-L no-X akusekelwa ngaphansi kwaleso siqukathi esithile.

I-syntax yomugqa womyalo (-mc): izimpawu nemingcele

I--mc switch yamukela inani lezinhlanganisela ezifanele ukuzilawula uma ufuna ukulawula ukucindezela kwezinga eliphansi; uphawu ekugcineni lulungisa ububanzi: "+" isebenzisa i-algorithm ekhethiwe kuyo yonke idatha, futhi "-" ikhubaze ngokuphelele. Uma ungalucacisi uphawu, i-RAR inquma ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwedatha nendlela yokuminyanisa.

Izibonelo ezisebenzayo: -mcD+ iphoqa ukucindezelwa kwe-delta, ngenkathi -mc- ikhubaza zonke izindlela (i-delta, x86, ibanga elide, futhi iphelele). Uma usebenzisa i-delta, ungacacisa iziteshi (1–31) ngokushesha ngemva kwe-mc: isibonelo, -mc31D+ Ngingazama ukusebenzisa iziteshi ezingu-31 ezine-delta ephoqelelwe.

Isibonelo esiphelele esithathwe kusizo lwakudala sibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa imodi eqinile, isichazamazwi esibanzi, nokusesha okuphelele eqoqweni lemibhalo: WinRAR a -s -md1g -mcx texts *.txt. Lapha, “-x” in -mcx icela ukusesha okuphelele.

Usesho Lwebanga Elide Nokusebenzelana kwalo

Umsebenzi we usesho lwebanga elide Yenza kusebenze i-algorithm ethola amabhulokhi amakhulu, akude, aphindaphindiwe ngaphakathi kokusakaza. Lokhu kungathuthukisa kokubili isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, isivinini sedatha engafuneki kakhulu (isb., imibhalo emikhulu), ngezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwememori okwandisiwe phakathi nokucindezelwa.

Le modi ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela zokucindezela kusukela "Shesha" kuya "kungcono" (cishe ilingane no-m2..-m5) futhi ishaywa indiva esimisweni esishesha kakhulu (“Ngokushesha Kakhulu” noma -m1). Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nezichazamazwi ezinkulu.

Ngezichazamazwi ezinkulu kuno-4 GB, usesho lwebanga elide yenza kusebenze ngokuzenzakalela ngoba kudingekile ukusizakala ngalowo sayizi; kuye ngesixhumi esibonakalayo kanye nenguqulo, ungase ungakwazi ukuyikhubaza, nakuba kukhona ukushintsha (-mcl+ / -mcl-) kusuka kulayini womyalo ukuyiphoqa noma ukuyivala.

Usesho oluphelele: lukhokha nini?

Isilungiselelo se ukusesha okuphelele Kudinga ukutholwa okufanayo ngokwedlulele: iphenya ngokujula kakhulu ekusesheni amaphethini, okunganikeza ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezelwa okuncane kudatha engafuneki kakhulu. Ukuhwebelana kucacile: kuhamba kancane kakhulu.

Ukuze siphumelele ngempela, idinga ukusesha kwebanga elideEqinisweni, i-WinRAR iyenza isebenze ngokusobala lapho ukhetha imodi eqeda amandla. Uma isikhathi singeyona inkinga futhi idathasethi ikufanele, ikhadi ongalidlala.

Ukucindezela okusebenzisekayo kwe-Intel x86

I-WinRAR ihlanganisa i-preprocessor ethile yamabhinari angama-86 nama-32 bit x64, okuthi kuthuthukisa ukucindezelwa kwezinto ezisebenzisekayo ngenxa yezinguquko ezenza izakhiwo ezithile zamakhodi zibikezeleke kakhudlwana. Emugqeni womyalo, ikhethwa ngemodi ethi "E" ngaphakathi kwe -mc ngokwayo.

Njenge-delta, lesi sihlungi akuwona umlingo futhi akuwona wonke umuntu: Lokhu kuyasiza uma okuqukethwe kuyikhodi engu-x86 esebenzisekayo; uma uyisebenzisa kwenye idatha, ungalindeli noma yiziphi izinzuzo, futhi ungabona isikhathi esengeziwe sokucubungula.

Izindlela zokucindezelwa kanye namazinga: ukusuka kokuthi “Isitoreji” ukuya “Kungcono Kakhulu”

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yimaphi ama-preprocessors angenhla, i-WinRAR inikeza ezimbalwa izindlela zokucindezela umhlaba wonke: “Isitoreji” (asikho ukucindezelwa), “Ishesha Kakhulu,” “Ishesha,” “Okuvamile,” “Kuhle,” kanye “Kuhle kakhulu.” Amaleveli aphezulu asho ukucindezela okwengeziwe kanye nesikhathi eside sokulondoloza.

Uma ufuna ibhalansi ozoyisebenzisa nsuku zonke (okunamathiselwe nge-imeyili, ukulethwa okuncane), "Okuvamile" kuvame ukuba yinketho enengqondo kakhulu"Eshesha kakhulu" ilungele izipele ezivamile lapho isikhathi siwumongo, futhi "Okungcono kakhulu" kulungele lapho usayizi wokugcina ubalulekile (ukusabalalisa i-inthanethi, ukugcinwa kwengobo yomlando).

Khumbula ukuthi uma ukhetha i-ZIP, iningi lalezi ziprosesa ezithuthukisiwe Akuzona ezitholakalayoUkuze uthole okuningi kuyo, sebenzisa i-RAR noma i-RAR5.

Usayizi wesichazamazwi: inkumbulo, isivinini, kanye nenzuzo yomhlaba wangempela

Isichazamazwi siyindawo yenkumbulo esetshenziswa i-algorithm thola bese ubuyisela amaphethini aphindaphindiweUma isichazamazwi sikhulu, umongo uyanda kanye nokucindezelwa okungaba ngcono, ikakhulukazi kumafayela amakhulu futhi akumodi eqinile.

Njengomhlahlandlela ojwayelekile, imibhalo yeWinRAR uqobo iyaphakamisa 4 MB ku-RAR kanye no-32 MB kwe-RAR5 njengamavelu azenzakalelayo anengqondo. Ukusuka lapho, ungayandisa uma okokusebenza kanye nesimo sikugunyaza, wazi ukuthi ukucindezela kuzohamba kancane futhi kudle inkumbulo eyengeziwe lapho ucindezela (hhayi ukuwohloka).

Khumbula ukuthi imisebenzi ethile efana nosesho lwebanga elide zuza ukubaluleka ngezichazamazwi ezinkulu; ngaphezu kuka-4 GB, i-WinRAR ijwayele ukuyivula ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yesidingo sobuchwepheshe.

Ukucindezelwa okuqinile: ukuthi kuyini, okuhle, okubi, nokuthi kusetshenziswe nini

Ifayela eliqinile liphatha amafayela amaningi njengelilodwa. ukusakaza okukodwa okuqhubekayo kwedathaLokhu kuvumela ukuthola ukuphindaphinda phakathi kwamafayela ahlukene (isb., amafayela amaningi amancane nafanayo) futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okucindezela. Lesi isici esiyingqayizivele sefomethi ye-RAR; I-ZIP ayikwazi ukuqina.

Ububi bubalulekile: ukukhipha ifayela elilodwa phakathi, I-WinRAR kufanele icubungule yonke into engenhla, ukuze ukukhishwa kuhamba kancane. Futhi, uma ingxenye yefayela eliqinile ilimele, amafayela angaphansi kwalo angase angafinyeleleki, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukunika amandla ukungena kokutholwa kumidiya engathenjwa.

Uma kufaneleka: uma ifayela lingabuyekezwa njalo, uma awudingi ukususa njalo izingxenye ezixekethile, futhi uma izinga lokuminyanisa lidlula ukucindezelwa nesivinini sokubuyekeza.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-WinRAR ngokuvamile hlunga amafayela ngokwesandiso ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemodi eqinile. Ungakhubaza leli oda nge -DS noma uchaze elakho ngefayela elikhethekile rarfiles.lst. Amavolumu kanye ne-SFX (ukuzikhipha) nakho kungaba okuqinile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamafayela acindezelwe (futhi yimaphi angewona)

Asikho isithembiso sokucindezelwa okugxilile. Ifayela ngalinye liwumhlaba: Kukhona okuqukethwe okungancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-90% kanti ezinye zehle ngokulambisa, noma zikhule kancane ngenxa yokuphakama kwesitsha.

Ezivele zicindezelwe (ZIP, 7z, RAR, BZip2…) noma amafomethi anokucindezela kwangaphakathi njenge I-JPEG/PNG/GIF, MP3/WMA, AVI/MPG/WMV ividiyo kanye nemibhalo yeHhovisi yesimanje (DOCX/XLSX, njll.) ayivamile ukuba ngcono; zama ukuwagcina (“Isitoreji”) noma uwahlanganise aqine afanayo uma ufuna i-oda kunosayizi.

Lapho uwina khona: umbhalo ongenalutho, i-CSV, i-JSON, ikhodi yomthombo, amalogi kanye nedatha engasabalulekile. Yilapho izihlungi (delta, x86), izichazamazwi, nokuminyanisa okuqinile kukhanya khona ngempela.

I-Delta nezinye izihlungi ze-"multimedia" zakudala

Kuzilungiselelo zomlando ezithuthukile ze-WinRAR uzobona izinkomba zamaphrofayili afana “Umbhalo” (ukubikezela), “Umsindo” (iziteshi), “Umbala Weqiniso” Ikhono lokunika amandla i-86/32-bit x64 nokucindezelwa kwe-delta manje seliyatholakala. Lezi izindlela zokucubungula ngaphambilini eziklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukugeleza kwedatha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwedatha.

Isibonelo, khetha iziteshi eziphezulu (kufika ku-31) ekusakazweni "Umsindo". noma ukuphoqa i-delta kumathebula kungasiza, kodwa kufanelekile ukukala: ukusebenzisa izihlungi ngokungakhethi kunganciphisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokunikeza ukucindezela okwengeziwe.

Ifilosofi iyafana njalo: Khomba iphethini bese usebenzisa isihlungi esifaneleUma kungacacile, vumela i-WinRAR inqume ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ihlole umphumela ngesampula.

I-RAR vs. ZIP: Kungani Khetha Okukodwa noma Okunye

I-WinRAR ikuvumela ukuthi udale izingobo zomlando I-RAR (kufaka phakathi i-RAR5) ne-ZIP.I-ZIP iyikhadi lasendle elisetshenziswa kakhulu, liwusizo uma ungazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo umamukeli azolusebenzisa ukuze anciphise ukucindezeleka. Kepha uma ufuna ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nokufinyelela kuzo zonke izilungiselelo, i-RAR inketho enconyiwe.

Ku-ZIP, ububanzi bokucutshungulwa ngaphambili kanye tricks (delta, x86, usesho oluthuthukisiwe) incane kakhuluUkuze ukhiphe izichazamazwi ezinkulu, imodi eqinile, nezihlungi, sebenzisa i-RAR/RAR5 noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.

Imikhuba emihle yokusebenzisa ukucindezela kwe-delta

Linganisa okuqukethwe: uma kunjalo amathebula, idatha yezinombolo, uchungechunge olunezinguquko ezibushelelezi noma izakhiwo eziphindaphindayo, zama ukuhlola i-delta. Uma isivele iyimidiya ecindezelwe, ilondoloze.

Qala nge-othomathikhi: vumela i-WinRAR inqume bese-ke qhathanisa amandla vs. okuzenzakalelayo kusethi yamafayela. Uma ukuthuthukiswa kosayizi kuncane futhi isikhathi sikhuphuka, akufanelekile.

I-Synergies: I-Delta isebenza kahle nayo imodi eqinile nezichazamazwi eziphanayo lapho idathasethi iqinisekisa lokho. Kumafayela axubile, ahlukanise ngohlobo abe amavolumu ahlukene noma sebenzisa ukuhlela okunwetshiwe.

Umkhawulo wesiteshi: ungalayishi iziteshi ngenxa nje yokulayisha. Isivivinyo 4–8, 16 no-31 uma usola i-periodicity, kodwa yeka uma inzuzo imile.

Isixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo ngokumelene nomugqa womyalo

Uma usebenza ngebhokisi elithi “Igama lengobo yomlando namapharamitha”, khetha ifomethi ye-RAR/RAR5, indlela (kusuka kokuthi “Isitoreji” kuye “Engcono Kakhulu”), isichazamazwi kanye, kuthebhu ethuthukisiwe, vula noma hamba ngokuzenzakalelayo delta, x86, ibanga elide, nezindlela eziphelele. Ukuze uthole okuqinile, khetha okuthi "Dala ingobo yomlando eqinile."

Ku-CLI, hlanganisa ukushintshwa: - m5 ngendlela engcono kakhulu, -s okuqinile, -md yesichazamazwi (isb., -md64m), -mcD+ ukuphoqa i-delta, -mcl+ ngebanga elide futhi -mcx ngokuphelele (inika amandla ibanga elide elingacacile). Lungisa ngokusekelwe ezivivinyweni.

Khumbula ukuthi ku-RAR5, kuphela D no-E abavunyelwe ngaphakathi -mc; uma uzama u-L noma u-X ngaleyo fomethi, ithuluzi lizoziba ukulungiselelwa noma likunikeze isexwayiso.

Okulindelwe okungokoqobo nokulinganisa

Akekho ongathembisa “ukucindezela njalo u-X%”. Imithetho yokuqukethweKunezimo zokusikeka okukhulu, kanti ezinye lapho uthola khona ukwesekwa kuphela. Ongakwazi ukukulawula ububanzi bezinketho kanye nesikhathi ozimisele ukutshala ngaso.

Indlela ephusile: dala a iphrofayili yokucindezela okuzenzakalelayo ngezilungiselelo zakho eziyintandokazi (i-RAR5, eqinile uma ikhona, indlela "Enhle" noma "Engcono", isichazamazwi esiphusile) kanye nemithwalo ethile (isb. ithebula) vula i-delta bese uqhathanisa nesampula.

Uma usabalalisa kubantu besithathu, khumbula ukuhambisana: I-ZIP iqinisekisa ukuvuleka kwendawo yonke; I-RAR/RAR5 idinga amathuluzi ahambisanayo kodwa ikuvuza ngezinga elingcono nokulawula okwengeziwe.