Iyini i-Zen ye-Python futhi iyikhuthaza kanjani i-Zen C engenzeka?

Uma sikhuluma ngefilosofi yokuklama ngezilimi zakwa- uhleloKuvamile ukuthi okulandelayo kuvele I-Zen eyaziwayo ye-Python: lelo qoqo lama-aphorism avela lapho kubhalwa import this kukhonsoli. Kodwa-ke, kulula ukudideka lo mbono nowokuthiwa "ulimi lokuhlela lwe-Zen C" noma ngokusesha "i-Zen" efanayo ngaphakathi kolimi lwe-C uqobo. Empeleni, esinakho uchungechunge lwezimiso eziphefumulele imiphakathi efana ne-Python nokuthi abathuthukisi abaningi bazama ukuzisebenzisa kwezinye izilimi ezifana ne-C, kunolimi olusha olubizwa ngokuthi i-Zen C.

Kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa leso sisekelo ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini i-Zen ye-Python, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, Iyiphi ifilosofi edluliselayo, futhi ingaphefumulela kangakanani i-Zen ka-C ecatshangelwayo?Sizohlola ama-aphorism ngalinye ngalinye, sixoxe ngezibonelo ezisebenzayo, ama-nuances, kanye nokuphikisana kwangempela ekuthuthukisweni kolimi, bese siphetha ngokucabanga ngendlela lezi zimiso ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza ye-Python.

Uyini ngempela uZen (nokuthi kungani kubalulekile uma sikhuluma ngeZen C)

Okubizwa ngokuthi iZen of Python, okwaziwa nangokuthi Idatha ye-PE20Iqoqo lemisho ehlanganisa umbono kaTim Peters wokuthi ukwakheka nokubhala kwekhodi yePython kufanele kube kanjani. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekusho njengokungathi kuwuhlobo lomthethosisekelo, empeleni kwaqala njengombhalo olula, onenhlekisa eningi kanye nokuhlekisa okuncane.

Lezi zindlela zokukhuluma zibhekwa njengohlobo oluthile i-manifesto yemikhuba emihleLezi akuzona imithetho esemthethweni yolimi, kodwa zithonye kakhulu isiko lomphakathi, ukubhalwa kwe-PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals), kanye nezingxoxo mayelana nokuvela kolimi ngokwalo: kusukela ekwethulweni komqhubi we-"walrus" (:=) kuze kube yilapho kufanelana amaphethini esakhiwo.

Uma abantu bekhuluma nge-“Zen C,” abaningi empeleni bayazibuza ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isethi yezimiso ezifanayo ze-C, noma ukuthi lokhu kungashintshwa yini. ifilosofi yobulula, ukucaca kanye nokufunda kalula kumongo wolimi lwe-C, olusezingeni eliphansi futhi "olunobungane" kangako ekwakhiweni kwalo kune-Python.

Empeleni, uma umuntu ekhuluma nge-Zen C, uvame ukuzama ukuthola lowo mbono ofanayo: iziqondiso ezimbalwa zokusiza ukubhala ikhodi ye-C ecacile nengagcinwa, ephefumulelwe yilokho i-Zen of Python ekushumayelayo, yize Ayikho i-PEP 20 esemthethweni ye-C noma imodyuli yomlingo efana import this.

Indlela i-Python's Zen ebukeka ngayo kukhonsoli

Enye yezinto ezimangalisayo ezaziwa kakhulu ngePython ukuthi ungabonisa i-Zen kunoma yimuphi umhumushi osebenzisanayo ngokuthayipha nje import thisKusukela ku-Python 2.2.1, umhumushi ufake imodyuli this.py okuthi, uma kungeniswa, kuphrinte amagama aphikiswayo ngesiNgisi.

Umbhalo ovelayo uchungechunge lwemisho emifushane engu-19 efingqa ifilosofi yokuklama kaPython. Kuthiwa uPeters ukhulume ngezimiso ezingu-20, kodwa Ushiye imibhalo eyi-19 kuphela, kusale eyeshumi nambili njengenkulumo-ze “engaqondakali” umuntu ngamunye angayichaza noma ayigcwalise ngengqondo.

Ngaphakathi, imodyuli this Ayigcini i-Zen embhalweni ocacile, kodwa ngentambo ebhalwe ngekhodi ene- I-ROT13 Kulula. Imojuli ngokwayo ichaza isichazamazwi sokufaka esikhundleni sezinhlamvu futhi ichaza umucu ngaphambi kokuwuphrinta. Uma uhlola this.sUzobona inguqulo efihliwe; uma usebenzisa i-algorithm yokufaka esikhundleni, uzothola umbhalo ofundekayo.

Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwe-ROT13 kunesihloko somlando: ngaphambi kokuba kube khona imodyuli, i-Zen yabelwana ngayo ohlwini lwe-imeyili lwe-Python, nayo yafihlwa, njengohlobo lwe- Iqanda lePhasika lomphakathiUmqondo "wokungenisa lokhu" waze waba yisiqubulo sezingqungquthela zokuqala zemvelo, njengeNgqungquthela ye-10th International Python.

Ama-aphorism angu-19 e-Zen kanye nokubaluleka kwawo okusebenzayo

Umbhalo wokuqala, ngesiNgisi, uqala ngesihloko esithi “The Zen of Python, nguTim Peters” bese wethula imisho engu-19 efundwe yiwo wonke umsebenzisi we-Python ngesikhathi esithile. Kusukela lapha, sizoyibuyekeza ngayinye, sichaze lokho abakushoyo ekubhaleni ikhodi kwansuku zonke, indlela ezivame ukuhunyushwa ngayo kanye nezibonelo ezijwayelekile ku-Python ezisisiza sicabange ukuthi zingahunyushwa kanjani zibe “yi-Zen C”.

1. Ubuhle bungcono kunokubi

Umthetho wokuqala ugcizelela ukuthi ikhodi akufanele isebenze nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kufanele isebenze kumnandi ukukufundaUbuhle lapha abuphathelene nokuchuma, kodwa bumayelana nokucaca, ukuhambisana kanye nesitayela esicophelelayo: amagama aqondakalayo, izindawo ezibekwe kahle kanye nesakhiwo esihlanzekile.

Isibonelo esidala ku-Python ukukhetha opharetha abafundeka ngabantu kanye namagama angukhiye afana nalawa and y or phambi izimpawu i-cryptic uma itholakala, noma gwema ukuba nemisebenzi eminingana ehlukene enqwabelene emgqeni ofanayo ngokudela ukufundeka ukuze kube nokufushane.

Umqondo ofanayo osetshenziswa ku-Zen C ecatshangelwayo ungaphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izimiso zokukhomba ezicacile, amagama achazayo futhi uhlukanise izinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe imigqa eminingana, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa kabi ama-macro noma izinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqondwa ngumuntu owazibhala kuphela.

2. Okusobala kungcono kunokungacacile

Lesi simiso sigcizelela ukuthi umfundi wekhodi akufanele aqagele ukuthi into ethile isebenza kanjani. Kungcono ukuthi inhloso icace. kubhalwe emini, nakuba kungase kuhilele imigqa embalwa eyengeziwe, kunokuthembela ekuziphatheni okungacacile noma "emilingweni" efihliwe.

Isibonelo esivame kakhulu ukugwema izinto ezifana from math import *okuletha konke okuqukethwe yi-module endaweni yamanje yegama ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi yini esetshenziswayo. Kungcono ukubhala from math import sqrt, sin, cos futhi usho ngokucacile ukuthi yini edingekayo.

Enye indlela yokwenza ikhodi icace ukwethula iziguquguquko eziphakathi ezinamagama avezayo Esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa imisebenzi ibe yinto eyodwa. Lokho kusiza noma ubani (kufaka phakathi wena wesikhathi esizayo) ukuqonda okwenzekayo ngaphandle kokwenza ubunjiniyela bokuhlanekezela kwengqondo.

3. Okulula kungcono kunokuyinkimbinkimbi

Umqondo lapha uwukuthi, uma unenketho, khetha ikhambi elilula kunelixakileAkukhona ukugwema konke ukuba yinkimbinkimbi nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhodi ibhalwa kanye futhi ifundwe kaningi.

Abahleli bezinhlelo abanolwazi bavame ukugcizelela ukuthi ukufeza ubulula kudinga umzamo: kufanele uthuthukise umklamo, ukhiphe imisebenzi, ubuyekeze amagama… kodwa ngokubuyisela uthola Ikhodi ehlanzekile nesebenzayo Kulula ukuyiqonda futhi ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokwesaba. Le ndlela isebenza kokubili ku-Python naku-C: umsebenzi omfushane nocacile ungcono kune-mega-function egcwele amacala akhethekile namafulegi esimo.

Izibonelo zivame ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa lapho konke kuxazululwa khona emgqeni owodwa oyimfihlo onezinguqulo ezinde kancane, kodwa nge amabhlogo anengqondo acacile futhi achazwe kahleokulula kakhulu ukukuchaza.

4. Ubunzima bungcono kunokubunzima

Umehluko phakathi “kokuyinkimbinkimbi” kanye “nokuyinkimbinkimbi” ubalulekile. Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwakhiwe amamojula alula ahlanganisaKodwa ingxenye ngayinye, uma ithathwa yodwa, iyaqondakala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lugcwele ukuncika okufihliwe, izimo ezabiwe, kanye nokucabanga okungabonakali ngokushesha.

Kukhodi, lokhu kuhumusha ekukhetheni imiklamo lapho umsebenzi ngamunye uxazulula khona umsebenzi ocacile futhi uthembele kweminye imisebenzi echazwe kahle, esikhundleni sokufaka yonke i-logic endaweni eyodwa esebenzisa ama-global constants, izimo ezingabonakali, kanye nezimo eziphambene okunzima ukuzilandela.

Okuthandwayo okuhleliwe kuvame ukufingqwa ngokuthi Kulula > Okuyinkimbinkimbi > OkuyinkimbinkimbiNgamanye amazwi, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuba kube lula ngokuphelele, okungenani vumela ubunzima buhlelwe hhayi isiphithiphithi esingafundeki.

5. Ifulethi lingcono kunesidleke

Ukwakha izidleke ezijulile kuyisitha sokuqonda okusheshayo. Amazinga amaningana ifAma-loops ngaphakathi kwama-loops kanye nezakhiwo ezifakwe izidleke aphoqelela umfundi ukuba ukulayisha ikhanda lakho ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Isincomo se-Zen ukuthi kuncishiswe noma nini lapho kunengqondo.

Indlela ejwayelekile yokugwema izidleke ezingapheli yile khipha izingxenye zekhodi zibe imisebenzi emincane yomsizinoma sebenzisa izakhiwo zokulawula eziqondile kakhulu (njenge elif esikhundleni else: if ... kufakwe izidleke). Ungasebenzisa futhi amajeneretha noma imisebenzi emsulwa ekuvumela ukuthi ucubungule amaqoqo ngaphandle kwama-loop ngaphakathi kwama-loop.

Ku-Python, lokhu kungafaka ukuguqula izidleke ezintathu zama-loops zibe uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yejeneretha eboshwe; ku-C, ingxenye ejulile kakhulu isebenza ibe yiziningana ezithambile Kunciphisa ubunzima obubonakalayo nobunengqondo bengxenye ngayinye.

6. Okuhlakazekile kungcono kunokuxinene

Ikhodi encane kakhulu ingase ibonakale inhle ekuqaleni, kodwa ivame ukuba yi- ubuhlungu kulowo okumele amsekeleI-Zen ikhuthaza ukushiya igumbi lokuphefumula: ukuhlukanisa amabhlogo anengqondo abe yimigqa ehlukene, ukwethula izikhala kanye nokuhlukana kwemigqa uma kudingeka.

Icala elibonisa kakhulu Faka izimo, izitatimende zokubuyisa, kanye namakholi omsebenzi emgqeni owodwaKungenzeka, kodwa izindleko zokuqonda ziphakeme. Ukuhlukanisa leyo logic ibe yimigqa eminingana namagama aphakathi kwenza ukugeleza kucace bha.

Ku-Python, kunconywa ukuqonda uhlu olufundekayo kanye nezinkulumo ezimfushane; ku-C, okufanayo kusebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwama-opharetha, ama-macro, kanye nezingcingo eziboshwe, okunconywayo faka ngezinyathelo eziphakathi nendawo lapho ziqala ukuba yimfihlakalo.

7. Ukufundeka kubalulekile

Isisho esithi “Ukufundwa kubalwa” sesicishe sibe yisiqubulo sePython. Umyalezo uqondile: Ikhodi ifundwa izikhathi eziningi kakhulu kunalokho okubhaliweNgakho-ke, idinga ukwenziwa ngcono ukuze ilungele umuntu ozoyifunda, hhayi umuntu oyithayipha okokuqala.

I-syntax kaPython ngokwayo yaklanywa ngaleyo nto eza kuqala: Ukufakwa kwe-indent okuphoqelekile, amagama angukhiye acacile, kanye nezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza into efanayoKwezinye izilimi, njenge-C, ukufundeka kuncike kakhulu esitayeleni seqembu: ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuqamba amagama, imibono enenjongo, amamojula achazwe kahle, njll.

Kuzo zombili izimo, amasu anjengokusebenzisa izimiso ze-SOLID, ukuthola ugqozi emibonweni ethi "Clean Code", noma ukusebenzisa njalo amagama achaza inhloso kusiza uhlelo ukuthi luqhubeke isikhathi eside nokuthi onjiniyela abasha bangajoyina ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.

8. Amacala akhethekile awakhethekile kangangokuthi aphula imithetho

Lokhu kukhuluma ngesilingo esiphindaphindayo sokuthi, “Leli cala lihlukile; sizokwenza okuhlukile lapha.” Uma kuchazwe isethi yemithetho yesitayela noma yokuklama, uma Yonke into engavamile isetshenziswa njengesizathu sokuyeqaEkugcineni, imithetho ayisebenzi.

UZen uphakamisa ukuthi, ngisho nasezimweni "ezikhethekile", kungcono ukuzama gcina ukungaguquguqukiLokhu kusho ukuguqula umklamo ukuze uvumelane nesimo esithile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa indlela enqamulelayo ebeka engcupheni ukucaca okuphelele kohlelo.

Lesi simiso sibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuklanywa ama-API, amafomethi edatha, noma iziqondiso zesitayela eqenjini elikhulu, lapho konke okuhlukile kumelela inselele. umthwalo owengeziwe wokuqonda kuwo wonke umuntu.

9. Nakuba ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele kunqoba ubumsulwa

Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokukhuluma (imithetho kanye nokusebenza) ziyalinganisana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudingeka ukuvumelana; ngakolunye, kuyavunywa ukuthi empilweni yangempela Asikwazi ukuhlala “simsulwa” ngokuphelele Ekwakhiweni, ngezinye izikhathi izindlela ezinqamulelayo ezisebenzayo ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezikhathi ezibekiwe, ukuzivumelanisa nemingcele yemvelo, noma ukwenza kube lula ukwamukelwa kwesisombululo.

Isihluthulelo akusikho ukuthi uphuthelwe: ukusebenza kahle kungakufanelekela izindlela ezinqamulelayo ezisebenzayo zokuhlangabezana nezinsuku zokugcinaKodwa lokho akufanele kube yisizathu sokwamukela noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongafanele. Isibonelo esijwayelekile ku-Python ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezimfushane lapho empeleni zithuthukisa ikhodi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa lowo "mlingo omnyama" odinga ukucaciswa.

Ku-Zen C ecatshangelwayo, lokhu kungabonakala ezinqumweni ezifana nokuthi yamukela ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwama-macro noma ukulungiswa okuthile i-compiler lapho empeleni ithuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokwenza ikhodi ingaqondakali.

10. Amaphutha akufanele ashaywe indiva.

Lesi siqondiso sibhekana nokuphathwa kokungafani kanye namaphutha. try/except okujwayelekile ngokuphelele lokho kwenza nje pass Ziyindlela eqinisekile yezinkinga okunzima ukuzixazulula: kukhona okungahambi kahle, akekho oqaphelayo, futhi ukuziphatha okubonakala kungahleliwe kuvela ezinyangeni kamuva.

I-Zen incoma ukuthi, ngaphandle kwamacala esinqumo esenziwe ngamabomu, amaphutha kufanele abonakale: ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlosiwe kuphela ezithathwe, ukuthi ziqoshwe ku- izingodo, ukuthi thumela imiyalezo ecacile noma ngisho nokumisa ukusebenza uma uhlelo lungazi ukuthi lungalulama kanjani.

Ku-C, ukunganaki ngokuhlelekile amakhodi okubuyisa noma ukungahloli izikhombisi ezingenalutho Kuyindlela eqinisekisiwe yokuguqula ukulungiswa kube yiphupho elibi.

11. Ngaphandle kokuthi bathuliswe ngokusobala

Njengakweminye imithetho, ukungafani kuyaqala lapha. Kunezimo lapho wazi khona iphutha elithile, ufunde imiphumela yalo, bese unquma ukuthi Akubalulekile, noma ukuthi unendlela elawulwayo yokwenza izintoKulezo zimo, ukumthulisa ngokusobala kungaba yinto enengqondo.

Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba bamba i- ValueError ngqo bese ubhala umlayezo wokulungisa iphutha okhombisa ukuthi uphathwe kahlengaphandle kokwelula okunye okuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, isihluthulelo ukuthi kube yisinqumo esiqondwe ngamabomu nesibhalwe phansi, hhayi indlela yokufihla izinkinga.

Ku-C, okulinganayo kungaba phatha ikhodi yephutha eyaziwayo ngokubuyisela inani elizenzakalelayo elibhaliwe, ukurekhoda umcimbi uma kufaneleka, futhi kuphela kulowo mongo ukunganaki ukwehluleka ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphahlazeke.

12. Uma ubhekene nokungacaci kahle, yenqaba isilingo sokuqagela.

Lokhu kukhuluma kugqamisa ugibe oluvame kakhulu: ukugcwalisa ngengqondo izikhala lapho izidingo, umklamo, noma ngisho nekhodi ngokwayo kungacacile. I-Zen ikhuthaza Ungaqambi izincazelo lapho zingekho khona.Uma into ingacaci kahle, kungcono ukuphoqa isinqumo esicacile.

Kukhodi, lokho kuhunyushwa kumagama achaza ngqo lokho akwenzayo, amazwana acacisa izinkolelo ezibalulekile, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izivivinyo ezichaza ukuziphatha okulindelekileUma kungaziwa ukuthi yini okufanele yenzeke, ikhodi izogcina "iqagela" futhi cishe ngokuqinisekile izoba nephutha.

Uma lesi simiso sisetshenziswa ku-Zen C engaba khona, siba yisikhumbuzo esihlala njalo: Ungacabangi ukuthi umqoqi, ipulatifomu, noma umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile uzokwenza lokho okulindele. ngaphandle kokukuqinisekisa kumadokhumenti noma ezivivinyweni eziqondile.

13. Kufanele kube nendlela eyodwa ecacile yokwenza lokhu

Lesi simiso cishe siyisisekelo sobuntu bukaPython. Ngokungafani neziqubulo ezifana nekaPerl ("Kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokwenza lokho"), iPython ilwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, ngomsebenzi othile, kukhona indlela ekhethwayo ngokucacileLokhu kwenza ukufunda kube lula futhi kwenza ikhodi evela kubantu abahlukene ihambisane kakhudlwana.

Isibonelo esivamile ukuphindaphinda ngokulandelana. Ku-Python, indlela ethile kakhulu iyakhuthazwa: for elemento in secuencia:Esikhundleni sokuphoqelela ukukhomba ngesandla ngaphandle uma kudingeka, lokhu kwenza ama-loop okufunda abe yinto encane kakhulu.

Ku-C, lo moya ungaholela ekuthatheni, ezingeni leqembu, Amaphethini ajwayelekile okusebenza okuphindaphindiwe: indlela evamile yokudlula kuma-array, ukuphatha inkumbulo, noma ukuphatha amaphutha, esikhundleni sokuba unjiniyela ngamunye asungule isitayela sakhe.

14. Nakuba leyo ndlela ingase ingabonakali icacile ekuqaleni (ngaphandle kokuthi ungumDashi)

Lokhu kukhuluma kunezela ukucasuka: indlela ethandwayo ayibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqaleni. Ngokuvamile, kudinga ukujwayelana nolimi, imitapo yolwazi yalo, kanye nesimiso salo sezinto eziphilayo ukuze leyo "ndlela esobala" iqale ukuzizwa ingokwemvelo.

Ukukhulunywa ngesiDashi kubhekisela ngqo kuGuido van Rossum, umdali wePython, ongumDashi. Kuye, izinqumo eziningi zokuklama zingaba nengqondo ngoba uyazi kahle ukuthi wayehloseni; kokunye, kudinga ulwazi olwengeziwe. isikhathi sokulungisa nokufunda.

Into efanayo ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi i-"Zen C" engakahleleki: lokho okubonakala kusobala kuma-veteran olimi (indlela yokusebenzisa izinkomba, indlela yokuhlela izihloko, indlela yokuhlela iphrojekthi) kungaba yinto engacacile kumuntu omusha kule ndaba.

15. Manje kungcono kunanini ngaphambili, nakuba kungakaze kube ngcono kunamanje.

Lawa magama amabili akhuluma ngezinto eziza kuqala kanye nesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikhuthaza ukuthi singaweli ekuhlaziyeni ukukhubazeka: Kungcono ukwenza intuthuko efanele kunokwenza lutho. Ukulinda umklamo ophelele ongafiki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi ukushesha ukushintsha izinto ngaphandle kokucabanga kungadala izinkinga ezimbi nakakhulu.

Ngekhodi, lokho kuhunyushwa ngokuthi Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuqala ukusebenza nokungaqambi izinguquko zesakhiwo ngaphandle kokucabangaUkuhlehlisa imisebenzi ethile ebalulekile unomphela ngokuvamile kungumqondo omubi, kodwa ukuphazamisa njalo lokho okwenzayo ukuze ulandele yonke imibono emisha akusizi futhi.

Indlela ekahle ivame ukuphatha ukuvela kohlelo njengendlela inqubo yokuphindaphinda: ukwethula izinguquko ezilinganisiwe nokuhlola umthelela wazoLungisa… futhi ugcine uhlu olucacile lwezinto okufanele zenziwe ukuze ungashiyi izindaba ezibalulekile “unomphela”.

16. Uma ukusetshenziswa kunzima ukukuchaza, kungumqondo omubi.

Uma udinga isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi ukuchaza ukuthi ingxenye yekhodi isebenza kanjani, inkinga cishe akuwona amakhono akho okuxhumana, kodwa umklamo ngokwawo. Lokhu kukhuluma kukhuthaza ukusebenzisa incazelo njenge ukuhlolwa kwempilo yokuklama.

Uma ukusetshenziswa kuyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi kunzima ukukubeka ngamagama alula, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kukhona imithwalo yemfanelo eminingi kakhulu exubileUkuncika okungachazwanga kahle noma izinqumo ezingacacisiwe kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kuyalulekwa ngaphambi kokwamukela leyo ndlela.

Le nqubo iwusizo kakhulu kokubili ku-Python naku-C: Uma ungakwazi ukuchaza ngemisho embalwa ukuthi umsebenzi noma imodyuli yenzaniNgokuvamile, kunethuba lokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo.

17. Uma ukusetshenziswa kulula ukukuchaza, kungaba ngumqondo omuhle

Uhlangothi oluphambene lwephuzu elidlule ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukuchaza ikhambi ngamagama acacile, afushane, naqondile, cishe usemzileni ofanele. Lokho akuqinisekisi ukuthi umbono uphelele, kodwa kuwuphawu oluhle lokuthi usemzileni ofanele. ubunzima buyalawulwa.

Lesi simiso sixhumana kahle kakhulu nemikhuba efana "nendlela ye-rubber duck": ukuchaza ngokuzwakalayo lokho ikhodi yakho ekwenzayo komunye umuntu (noma into engaphili) kusiza ukubona ukungahambisani nokuqinisekisa lapho okuthile kucatshangelwe kahle.

Esimweni seqembu, uma noma yiliphi ilungu leqembu lingaqonda ngokushesha ukuthi ingxenye yekhodi yenzani ngemva kwencazelo emfushane, kulula kakhulu ukubuyekeza, ukulondoloza, nokuthuthukisa leyo ngxenye yesistimu.

18. Izikhala zamagama zingumqondo omuhle kakhulu: ake senze okwengeziwe kuzo

I-aphorism yokugcina igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezikhala zamagama njengethuluzi lokuhlela ikhodi nokugwema ukungqubuzana. Ku-Python, amamojula, amaphakheji, amakilasi, kanye nemisebenzi kunikeza amazinga ahlukene okuhlela. ukuhlukaniswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo kanye nokufakwa kwemisebenzi.

Ukusebenzisa izikhala zamagama kuvumela njalo izihlonzi ezinegama elifanayo ukuba zibe khona ezimweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokungqubuzana, futhi kusiza ukuqoqa izinto ezihlobene ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa esinengqondo. Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziningi ze-modular.

Ku-C, lapho uhlelo lwesikhala samagama luyinto evamile kakhulu, lo mbono uhunyushwa ube yimigomo yokuqamba amagama, ukwakheka ngekhanda namafayela omthombo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqondisiwe kwe static kanye neziqalo zokugwema ukungqubuzana. I-“Zen C” enengqondo ingamema phatha imodyuli ngayinye njengendawo encane, echazwe kahle yegama.

Ukuhumusha ngeSpanishi kanye namasiko ahlukile

Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwaphakanyiswa izinguqulo eziningana zala magama esiSpanishi. Abanye bakhetha ukuthi "Ubuhle bungcono kunokubi," abanye bathi "Ubuhle bungcono kunokubi," njll. Bonke bafuna ukugcina umoya wokuqala, yize kuvela ezinye izinguquko ngokungenakugwenywa. izici zesitayela nokukhetha isilulumagama isici somhumushi.

NgesiSpanishi eSpain, kuvamile ukukhuluma ngekhodi ngokuthi “kuhle”, “kuyafundeka” noma “kucacile”, kanye gwema “ama-bottle” noma “ama-patches asheshayo”Lowo mbono ofanayo uyisisekelo se-Zen yokuqala, ehlanganisa ithoni engathi sína nokuhlekisa, ikakhulukazi emazwini asho ukuthi indlela esobala ingase ingabi njalo ekuqaleni "ngaphandle kokuthi ungumDashi".

Lezi zinguqulo ziphinde zenze umbhalo utholakale kalula kubantu abangasazi kahle isiNgisi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iqiniso lokuthi izimiso ziyasebenza. kunoma yiluphi ulimi nanoma yimuphi umphakathi othuthukayongale kwendawo yokusebenza yePython.

Ingabe i-Zen of Python iyihlaya noma umthetho ongcwele?

Ngaphakathi komphakathi wePython uqobo, kukhona impikiswano ethile mayelana nesimo esiqondile seZen. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhalo eminingi esemthethweni (ama-PEP) ayibiza ngokuthi isisusa noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinqumo, futhi ohlwini lokuposa lwabathuthukisi ababalulekile kusetshenziswa njengempikiswano yokusekela noma yokuphikisana neziphakamiso ezithile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abahlinzeki bokulungisa baveze ukuthi ukusebenzisa inkulumo ye-Zen njengesikhali (“Lokhu kwephula i-Zen, ngakho-ke kubi”) akuhlali kunengqondo. Kukhona ngisho nama-PEP aphawula ukuthi amagama athile ayebhekwa njengokugxekwa kolimi ngokwalo ekuqaleni kwalo futhi akufanele athathwe njengoba enjalo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Zen isebenza kahle kakhulu njengoba ikhampasi yamasiko kanye nomthombo wokuphefumulelwa okuyinto njengomthetho oqinile wokuklama. I-Python, ene el tiempoIfake izici (njengokwabiwa kwezinkulumo noma ukufanisa amaphethini) abanye abazibheka “njengeziyinkimbinkimbi” noma ezingahambisani kangako nobulula bokuqala, kodwa-ke ziye zasetshenziswa ngenxa yosizo lwazo.

Ngaleyo ndlela, ukucabanga nge-“Zen C” kungaba nomthelela omkhulu bamba izimiso ezijwayelekile ezisiza ekubhaleni ikhodi ye-C engcono, ngaphandle kokuhlosa ukuthi zibe yimithetho engaguquki evimba noma yikuphi ukuvela kwesitayela noma amathuluzi.

Leli qoqo lama-aphorism, izinguqulo, izibonelo, kanye nezingxoxo lakha uhlobo lwemephu yengqondo yokuthi siqonda kanjani "ikhodi enhle": efundekayo, elula ngangokunokwenzeka, ecacile ezinhlosweni zayo, futhi ehlelwe kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-Python, C, noma olunye ulimi, Ukwamukela leyo filosofi kuvame ukwenza umehluko phakathi kohlelo olunzima nolujabulisayo ukusebenza nalo..