- I-Los abashayeli Kumele babe yi-Arm64: akukho ukulingisa ku-kernel futhi ngaphandle kwabo hardware Akusebenzi.
- Ukulingiswa kwe-x86/x64 kuyalungiseka: lungisa inqolobane, imodi ye-hybrid kanye ne-multithreading ukuze kuhambisane.
- Imikhawulo Eyaziwayo: I-Anti-cheat, Ifeksi kanye Neskena, i-antivirus ethile kanye Izinhlelo zokusebenza kwegobolondo.
- Onjiniyela: Yakha i-Arm64 yomdabu, xazulula ukuncika, futhi uhlole ihadiwe ye-ARM/VM.
Uma uke wagxumela eqenjini nge Windows 11 ku-ARM futhi ulwa ne-peripheral engasebenzi, awuwedwa: Abashayeli bawucezu olubalulekile futhi kufanele baguqulelwe ku-Arm64Nakuba izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-x86 ne-x64 zisebenza kahle ngokulingisa, abashayeli besistimu abadluli kuleso sendlalelo, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqonda imithetho yomdlalo.
Ngaphezu kwabashayeli, ukwesekwa kwe-Arm kuhlanganisa izithako ezimbalwa: Ukulingisa okulungisekayo, izinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezihamba phambili, imikhawulo eyaziwayo, namathuluzi okuxilongaKulo mhlahlandlela, sihlanganise konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze ubone ukuthi kungani idivayisi noma uhlelo lokusebenza oluncike kumshayeli luhluleka, ukushuna kahle ukulingisa, nokuthi yini onjiniyela okudingeka bayenze ukuze bahlanganisele i-Arm64 ngokomdabu.
Kwenzekani ngabashayeli ku-Windows 11 ARM?
En Windows ku-ARM, Zonke izishayeli zemodi ye-kernel, izishayeli ze-User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF), kanye nezishayeli zokuphrinta kufanele zihlanganiswe ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukwakheka kwesistimu yokusebenza.Okusho ukuthi, uma uhlelo kuyi-Arm64, umshayeli kumele abe yi-Arm64; asikho isendlalelo sokulingisa se-kernel, ngakho-ke imfuneko iqinile.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-x86 lungasebenza ngokulingisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa Uma udinga eyakho noma umshayeli wenkampani yangaphandle, leyo ngxenye ethile kufanele ibe khona njenge-Arm64Kuze kube yilapho umshayeli ehlanganiswa kabusha ku-Arm64, imisebenzi encike kuyo ngeke ivele noma izohluleka.
Empeleni, amadivaysi nama-peripherals azosebenza kuphela uma abashayeli bakho ihlanganiswe ku-Windows 11 noma umenzi unikeza izishayeli ezithile ze-Arm64. Lokhu kusebenza ezigabeni ezibucayi ezifana ne-antivirus kanye ne-antimalware, isofthiwe yokuphrinta noma PDF, ubuchwepheshe bokusiza, izinsiza ze-optical disc kanye nesofthiwe ye-virtualization.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka isoftware yomuntu wesithathu noma ihadiwe, Qiniseka ukuthi uyalanda futhi ufake ifayela le umshayeli womkhiqizi ikakhulukazi amakhompyutha e-ArmUma umshayeli ebhala kuphela ukusebenzisana kwe-x86/x64 noma engakhulumi nge-Arm64, cishe ngeke isebenze kukhompuyutha yakho esekwe ku-ARM.
Amadivayisi anamandla e-ARM asedumile ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla, impilo yebhethri, kanye nama-NPU we IA, kodwa Lokhu kusebenza kahle akungeni esikhundleni sesidingo sabashayeli bomdabu be-Arm64.. Uma uncike ku-peripheral ebalulekile, qinisekisa ngaphambi kokuthi umenzi wayo akhiphe ukwesekwa kwe-Arm64.
I-x86 ne-x64 emulation ku-ARM kanye nendlela yokulungisa ukuhambisana
IWindows ku-ARM isebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Arm ngokwemvelo, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-x86 ne-x64 zisebenza kusetshenziswa ukulingisaNge Windows 11, ukulingiswa kwe-x64 kufike ukuze kwandise ukuhambisana, futhi ngenjini ye-Prism kumadivayisi we-Copilot+ ene-Snapdragon X, ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilingisiwe kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane ezedlule.
Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lenza ngendlela exakile, ungasebenzisa i isixazululi senkinga sokuhambisana nohleloChofoza kwesokudla i-.exe bese ukhetha Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Zokuhambisana ukuze uzame izilungiselelo ezinconyiwe noma ukhethe izimpawu ezithile, njengokuthi ivuleka kodwa ibukeke kabi, idinga izimvume, noma inkinga ayifakiwe ohlwini.
Ukwengeza, kuthebhu yokuvumelana yezakhiwo ezisebenzisekayo uzobona isigaba Windows 10 ku-ARM noma Windows 11 ku-ARM. Ukusuka lapho ungakwazi shintsha izilungiselelo ezigcwele zokulingisa noma uvule izilungiselelo ezithuthukile ukuhlola ngezinketho ezingazodwana ezidizayinelwe ukubeka phambili ukuzinza kunokusebenza uma izinkinga zenzeka.
| Izilungiselelo zokulingisa | Yini eyenza |
|---|---|
| Khubaza inqolobane yohlelo lokusebenza | Iphoqa isistimu ukuthi ihlanganise kabusha amabhulokhi ekhodi alingisiwe ekugijimeni ngakunye, ukususa inqolobane yokunciphisa imiphumela emibi ngezindleko zokusebenza. |
| Khubaza imodi yokusebenzisa eyi-hybrid | Gwema okuhamba ngakubili kwe-CHPE ngenhlanganisela ye-x86 ne-Arm64 kanye amandla okusebenzisa amabhanari we-x86 kuphela, okwandisa ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo. |
| Ukuvikela ukukhanya okwengeziwe | Inika amandla izivikelo zomhlaba ezithinta imethadatha eguquguqukayo kanye kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni ngendlela evuna ukuzinza. |
| Ukuhambisana okuqinile nekhodi ezishintshayo | Iqinisekisa ukuthi i- ikhodi yokuzilungisa ukuze isebenze kahle ekulingiseni, okunomthelela obonakalayo ekusebenzeni lapho leyo phethini ivama. |
| Khubaza ukulungiselelwa emakhasini e-RWX | Isusa ukulungiselelwa kokusebenza kwe ikhodi emakhasini afundekayo, abhalekayo, nasebenzisekayo okungase kungqubuzane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. |
| Khubaza ukulungiselelwa kwe-JIT (x64 kuphela) | Inketho eyehlisiwe lokho ngeke isatholakala ezinguqulweni ezizayo. |
| Khubaza ukulungiselelwa kwephoyinti elintantayo (x64 kuphela) | Phoqa ukulingisa i-x87 nge 80-bit ukunemba okugcwele, okwandisa ukunemba ku-FP ngezindleko zokusebenza okuphansi. |
Ungaphinda ulungise indlela uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisa ngayo ama-cores amaningi: okusheshayo, okuqinile, okuqinile kakhulu noma ukuphoqa umongo owodwaLezi zinketho zishintsha inani lezithiyo zememori ezisetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukufinyelela phakathi kwemicu; ukwandisa inani lezithiyo kunciphisa amaphutha acashile ngezindleko zejubane, futhi imodi ye-single-core isusa izithiyo futhi ihlanganise imicu kungqikithi eyodwa.
Uma ukushintsha inketho ethile kubangela ukuthi iphutha linyamalale, I-Microsoft icela ukuthi imininingwane ithunyelwe ku-woafeedback@microsoft.com ukuhlanganisa leyo mpendulo ekuthuthukisweni okuzayo kwe-emulator.
Abashayeli: i-kernel, UMDF nokuphrinta
Bonke abashayeli besistimu kufanele bafane nesakhiwo: Akukho ukulingisa ku-Windows kernelLokhu kunomthelela othize ekwenzeni izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nanoma yisiphi isimo esidinga ukufinyelela okusezingeni eliphansi.
Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-x86 ifaka noma idinga umshayeli wayo, Uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo lungaqalwa ngaphansi kokulingisa, kodwa izici eziboshelwe kulowo mshayeli ngeke zivele kuze kube yilapho kukhona inguqulo ye-Arm64 yomshayeli.
Ukuhlanganisa abashayeli be-Arm64 abaneziqinisekiso, Onjiniyela kufanele balandele umhlahlandlela we-Arm64-specific WDK, echaza ngokulungiswa kwendawo, amaphrojekthi kanye nesiginesha.
Izandiso zeShell, ama-IME, namanye ama-DLL wesistimu
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizama ukuxhumanisa izingxenye ze-Windows noma faka ama-DLL ezinqubweni zesistimu kufanele ahlanganise lawo ma-DLL e-Arm64. Yilapho izinto zingena khona abahleli bendlela yokufaka, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo nezandiso zegobolondo ezibeka izithonjana noma amamenyu wokuqukethwe.
Noma nini lapho ulayisha ikhodi ngaphakathi kwezinqubo zeWindows, fanisa i-architecture kanambambili naleyo yesistimuUkubuyisela kabusha lawa ma-DLL kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye isebenza ngokomdabu ngaphandle kokuthembela ekulingiseni.
Imikhuba ehamba phambili nge-WOW nokutholwa kwezakhiwo
Iphethini yephutha evamile yenzeka uma uhlelo lokusebenza luthola ukuthi lungaphansi kwe-WOW futhi ngephutha ithatha isistimu ithi x64. Ukusuka lapho izama ukufaka okuhlukile kwayo kwe-x64, ibheka ekubukeni kokubhaliswa komdabu, noma icabange ukuthi kukhona i-64-bit .NET.
Ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka okunjalo, Ungacabangi mayelana nomsingathi lapho uthola i-WOW futhi inciphise ukusebenzisana nezinto zomdabu ze-OS ngaphandle kokuthi ulawule izakhiwo.
Uma udinga ukuhlola ukuhambisana, isebenzisa i-isWow64Process2 API esikhundleni se-isWow64Process yasekuqaleniEyokuqala ihlukanisa kahle phakathi kwenhlanganisela yenqubo neyokusingatha futhi isiza ukunquma izindlela zekhodi nokubukwa kwelogi ngaphandle kokudideka.
Ukukhiqizwa kwekhodi enamandla kanye nokunciphisa
Ukulingisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ze-x86 kukhiqiza imiyalo ye-Arm64 ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwekhodi noma ukuguqulwa enqubweni kwephula ukuhambisanaUma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lunika amandla ukuncishiswa usebenzisa i-SetProcessMitigationPolicy nge-ProcessDynamicCodePolicy, ikhubaze ukuze uvumele ukulingiswa.
Uma usola ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusebenzisa izindlela zokuzilungisa, inika amandla ukuhambisana okuqinile nekhodi ezishintshayo kuzilungiselelo zokulingisa ezithuthukile, wazi ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni.
Imishini ebonakalayo kanye nokusekelwa kwe-Hyper-V
Inkundla yeWindows Hypervisor ayisekelwe. I-Qualcomm 835 ku-Mobile PC Platform, ngakho-ke i-Hyper-V ngeke isebenze kuleyo hardware ethize. IMicrosoft ikhombisa ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokutshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe kuma-chipset e-Qualcomm azayo.
Imikhawulo Eyaziwayo: Imidlalo, I-antivirus, Ifeksi & Iskena nokuningi
Eminye imidlalo ngeke isebenze uma Umshayeli wakho omelene nokukopela akanayo inguqulo ye-Windows 11 ku-ARM.. Hlola nomshicileli wegeyimu noma uhlole ukuhambisana kokuthi worksonwoa.com, insiza ehlanganyelwayo elandelela isimo sezinhlelo zokusebenza nemidlalo.
Vuliwe Windows 10 ku-ARM, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-x64 azisebenzi: Udinga izinguqulo ze-Arm64, Arm32, noma x86. Kukhona futhi imikhawulo efana ne-OpenGL ngaphezulu kwe-1.1 namaphakheji aphikisana nokukhohlisa ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-ARM. Vuliwe Windows 11 ku-ARM, ukulingiswa kwe-x64 kunweba ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza igobolondo le-Windows ngokwezifiso, njengamanye ama-IME, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwamafu, zingaletha izinkinga uma zinganikezi amabhinari e-Arm64Isinqumo sokugcina sincike kunjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye.
Kukhona nama-antivirus ezinkampani zangaphandle ongeke ukwazi ukuwafaka ngaphandle uma ekhona kudalwe noma kubuyekezwe ku-ARMNgaleso sikhathi, I-Windows Security inikeza isivikelo esakhelwe ngaphakathi sempilo yedivayisi yakho.
Okungaziwa kancane: umsebenzi Ifeksi nesithwebuli IWindows ayitholakali kumakhompyutha ane Windows 11 ku-ARM, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubheke ezinye izindlela.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ziyatholakala kanye nenjini entsha ye-Prism
I-ecosystem manje inikela ngezakhiwo zomdabu ze-Arm64 kunanini ngaphambili, nge I-Microsoft 365 ekubulaweni kwayo okusheshayo kumaThimba, i-Outlook, i-Word, i-Excel, i-PowerPoint, i-OneDrive ne-OneNote, kanye ne-Chrome, i-Slack, i-Spotify, i-Zoom, WhatsApp, Blender, Affinity Suite kanye ne-DaVinci Resolve, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenabo kanambambili bomdabu, injini entsha yokulingisa I-Prism ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilingisiwe kumadivayisi we-Copilot+ ane-Snapdragon X futhi eza kokuningi Windows 11 amadivayisi.
Uma ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza nemidlalo esebenzayo, Bheka uhlu olubukhoma ku-worksonwoa.com. Kuyiphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile yenkampani yangaphandle lapho iMicrosoft inikela khona ngedatha yokuhambisana.
Uzifaka kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza nabashayeli ku-Arm64
Ukuze udale inguqulo yomdabu yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, ku-Visual Studio engeza a I-ARM64 yesikhulumi sesixazululo esivela ku-Configuration Manager, ukukopisha ukucushwa kusuka ku-x64 nokudala izinkundla ezintsha zephrojekthi. Bese, hlanganisa futhi ulungise amaphutha.
Uma usuwakhe kokuthi Khishiwe, ukuphahlazeka kungenzeka kuvele Ukuncika okunganikezi okuhamba ngakubili kwe-Arm64Zizodinga ukubuyekezwa, ukuhlanganiswa, noma ukushintshwa njengoba kudingeka.
Uma ufuna ukuhlola kanambambili umphumela, sebenzisa I-PowerShell bese ugijima dumpbin /headers ku-.exe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unhlokweni ubonisa umshini we-AA64 (ARM64). Lesi ukuhlola okusheshayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awusebenzisi okuhlukile okungalungile.
Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha kulula uma usebenza emshinini we-Arm. Uma uthuthuka kusuka ku-x86/x64, Sebenzisa ukulungisa iphutha kudivayisi ye-Windows noma i-VM ku-ARMI-Microsoft ibhala amasu kumhlahlandlela wayo wokulungisa iphutha we-Arm.
Njengezimfuneko ezinconyiwe, sebenzisa I-Visual Studio 2022 v17.4 noma kamuva ngosekelo lwe-Arm64 yomdabu (Ukubuka kuqala kwe-VS 17.10 kungeza ukuthuthukiswa), futhi uma uthanda, i-LLVM Clang 12+ yokuhlanganisa nokuxhumanisa. Uchungechunge lwamathuluzi omdabu lunikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo ezilingisiwe.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlaka, ziyasekelwa .NET 7, .NET 6 LTS, .NET 5.0.8+ kanye ne-NET Framework 4.8.1Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlanganisa i-C++ ne-clang-cl, egcina ukusebenzisana kwe-ABI ne-MSVC.
Ukuncika, i-Arm64EC nosizo lwangaphandle
Uma umtapo wolwazi ukuvimbile ekuhlanganiseni, ibuyisele ngaphakathi ku-Arm64 Uma kungeyakho, cela inkampani yangaphandle inguqulo uma ingeyokuthengisa, noma ubheke ezinye izindlela ezihambisanayo uma ingumthombo ovulekile.
Ngaphambi kokushintsha izitaki, hlola ukuthi I-vcpkg manje inenguqulo ebuyekeziwe nge-Arm64, futhi uma kungenjalo, cabanga ukufaka isandla ekusekeleni. Imiphakathi eminingi ingalwazisa lolo sizo.
Njengesu eliphakathi, I-Arm64EC ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluhlanganiswe kabusha nokuncika kwe-x64 ezisebenza ngaphansi kokulingisa ngenqubo efanayo. Akuvumelekile ukuwahlanganisa ngenye indlela (awukwazi ukusebenzisa okuncikile kwe-Arm64 kunqubo ye-x64).
Uma udinga ukwesekwa, U-Linaro usebenzisana nezinkampani nemiphakathi ukunika amandla isofthiwe ku-ARMUngavula isicelo Kudeskithophu Yesevisi yabo ukuze uhlole ukwesekwa kwamaphakheji e-Windows-on-ARM angekho.
Ukuhlola ku-hardware noma i-VM, i-CI/CD kanye nokuhlanganisa okuningi ekulingiseni
Ukuqinisekisa izinga, kubalulekile ukuthi test pass isebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-Arm64: izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha zangempela ezisebenzisa iWindows ku-ARM noma i-VM ehambisanayo, ukuze imiphumela ibonise iqiniso lomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Ukwakha nokuhlola emshinini ofanayo kwenza ukuphila kube lula, nakuba ungakwazi futhi Nweba ingqalasizinda yakho yokwakha ukuze ukhiqize amabhanari we-cross-platform bese uwasebenzisa ku-testbed ye-Arm64 ezinikele.
Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezingavamile zokuvumelanisa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezintambo eziningi, zama ngazo izindlela eziqinile noma eziqinile ze-multi-core, noma phoqa imodi ye-single-core ukuze ubone ukuthi inkinga iyahamba yini. Lena indlela ewusizo yokunciphisa izimo zomjaho.
Ukuze usethe ngokushesha indawo yokuhlola, I-Azure inikeza a ukuqala okusheshayo ukudala i-Windows VM ku-ARMKuyindlela elula ye-CI noma yokuhlola mathupha lapho ungenayo izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibonakalayo ezitholakalayo.
Ukufaka ama-Windows Drive Driver: x86/x64 vs. ARM
Uma ufaka i-Windows 11 noma i-10 kukhompyutha Intel awekho amayunithi avelayo, ongawadinga Layisha umshayeli we-Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) ngesikhathi sewizadi noma khubaza i-Intel VMD. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kuzingxenyekazi ze-x86/x64, hhayi kumadivayisi e-ARM.
Inqubo evamile nge-IRST iqukethe landa iphakheji ekhasini lokusekela lomkhiqizi, ikhiphele enkumbulweni USB bese usebenzisa inketho yomshayeli wokulayisha esikrinini esibuza ukuthi ufuna ukuyifaka kuphi iWindows ukuze isifaki sithole amadiski.
Njengenye indlela, kungenzeka khubaza i-Intel Volume Management Device (VMD) ivuliwe I-BIOSFaka nge-F2, shintshela kumodi ethuthukisiwe nge-F7, hamba esigabeni se-VMD bese ukhubaza umshayeli; gcina nge-F10. I-nomenclature ingase ihluke kancane phakathi kwamamodeli nama-UEFIs.
Kumamodeli ane-Intel Lunar Lake, Ukufakwa mathupha kwezishayeli ze-IRST akusekelweKunconywa ukusebenzisa i-Windows 11 24H2 noma ngaphezulu futhi uqhubeke nokufaka okujwayelekile ngaphandle kokulayisha abashayeli.
Nokho, uma ikhompuyutha yakho iyi-ARM (isibonelo, ine-Qualcomm CPU), I-ASUS ikhombisa ukusebenzisa i Ukubuyisela Ifu kusuka ku-MyASUS kuqhubeke WinRE ukufaka kabusha isistimu esikhundleni sokugeleza okuvamile nge-IRST, engasebenzi kulobu buciko.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.