Kuyini i-WebDAV: iphrothokholi, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kanye nezinye izindlela

Uma ubulokhu ubona igama elithi WebDAV isikhathi esithile futhi ungakaqondi kahle ukuthi liyini...Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Abantu abaningi bayakudidanisa nesevisi efana neDropbox noma i-Google Drayivu, kanti empeleni kuyinto ehlukile ngokuphelele: a umthetho izinsizakalo eziningi zokugcina, amafu ayimfihlo, kanye namaseva asetshenziswayo ukukuvumela ukuthi uphathe amafayela ukude njengokungathi akukhompyutha yakho.

Umqondo oyinhloko ngemuva kweWebDAV ukuthi ungavula, uhlele, uhambise, futhi ususe amafayela kuseva ekude njengoba nje ubungenza kufolda yendawo.Akunandaba ukuthi usekhaya, usehhovisi, noma uxhumeke kwi-NAS ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba: uma iseva nedivayisi yakho kusekela i-WebDAV, uzobona lawo mafayela njengedrayivu yenethiwekhi noma olunye uhla lwemibhalo ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza.

Iyini ngempela i-WebDAV?

I-WebDAV imele i-Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioningesingakuhumusha ngokuthi “ukwenziwa kwenguqulo nokulawula kwewebhu okusatshalalisiwe”. Isandiso sephrothokholi ye-HTTP Yakhiwe ngaphakathi kwe-IETF (inhlangano eqondisa izinqubo eziningi ze-inthanethi) ukuze iwebhu ingabi ngeyokufunda kuphela, kodwa futhi neyokuhlela.

Esikhundleni sokumane ubonise amakhasi ewebhu njengoba kwenza i-HTTP evamileI-WebDAV yengeza imisebenzi yokuphatha amafayela: ukudalwa kweziqondisi, ukukopisha, ukuhambisa, ukukhiya amafayela, ukulungisa izakhiwo, njll. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezintsha ze-HTTP kanye nama-header engeziwe. I-XML yokuchaza imethadatha nezakhiwo.

Umbono wokuqala kaTim Berners-Lee ngewebhu wawuhlanganisa nokukwazi ukuhlela okuqukethwe ngqo kusuka kusiphequluliIsiphequluli sokuqala se-WorldWideWeb savumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafunde futhi bashintshe amakhasi akude, kodwa iwebhu yangempela yashintsha yaba yindawo yokufunda cishe kuphela. I-WebDAV yadalwa ukuze izame ukubuyisa ikhono lokuhlela elisakazwayo nge-HTTP.

Umsebenzi osemthethweni ku-WebDAV wadluliselwa eqenjini elisebenzayo le-IETFNgokuhamba kwesikhathi, ishicilele ama-RFC amaningana (amadokhumenti ajwayelekile) achaza inqubo kanye nezandiso zayo: izidingo zokusebenza, inqubo eyisisekelo, amaqoqo a-oda, ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela ye-MKCOL, njll. Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yi-RFC 2518 (manje esiphelelwe yisikhathi) kanye ne-4918, ezichaza umongo wenqubo.

Indlela i-WebDAV esebenza ngayo ezingeni lephrothokholi

I-WebDAV ifakwa ngokoqobo phezu kwe-HTTP noma i-HTTPSNgamanye amazwi, ichweba elifanayo 80 noma 443 kanye nokuxhumeka okufanayo kusasetshenziswa njengokuphequlula iwebhu, kodwa ngokwengeza izindlela ezithile. Lokhu kunomphumela owusizo kakhulu: Ngokuvamile idlula kuma-firewall, i-NAT kanye nama-proxies ngaphandle kwezinkingangoba emehlweni enethiwekhi "kuyithrafikhi yewebhu elula" (yize yenza okungaphezu kwalokho).

Le protocol yethula izindlela eziningi ezintsha nge-HTTP, okuvumela ukuphathwa kabi kwezinsiza okuthiwa (amafayela noma iziqondisi ezikhonjwe yi-URL noma i-URI):

• I-PROPFIND: ithola izakhiwo zesisetshenziswa (ku-XML) futhi ingabhala nesakhiwo seqoqo, okungukuthi, "uhlu lweziqondisi" olukude.
• I-PROPPATCH: kushintsha noma kususa izakhiwo eziningi zesisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni okukodwa kwe-athomu.
• I-MKCOL: kudala amaqoqo amasha, empeleni okufana nokudala izincwajana noma amafolda.
• IKHOPHI: ikopisha umthombo kusuka ku-URL eyodwa kuya kwenye ngaphakathi kweseva efanayo noma kwenye iseva ehambisanayo.
• HLELA: ihambisa noma iqamba kabusha insiza, ishintsha indawo noma indlela yayo.
• LOCK: ivimba insiza ukuvimbela izinguquko ezingalawulwa ngasikhathi sinye; kungaba khona ukukhiya okwabelwanayo noma okukhethekile.
• HOLA: isusa ukukhiya okusungulwe ngaphambilini kumthombo.
• SEARCHKwezinye izandiso, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze usesho ezinsizeni zeseva ye-WebDAV.

Zonke lezi zindlela zisebenza “ezinsizeni” ezikhonjwe yi-URINgokombono womsebenzisi wokugcina, lezi zinsiza zivame ukwethulwa njengamafayela namafolda owabona ku-file explorer yakho, kodwa ezingeni lenethiwekhi kuseyi-URL ekhonzwa yi-HTTP/HTTPS.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-XML kuyisici esihlukile se-WebDAVIsetshenziselwa ukumela izakhiwo, izakhiwo zesikhombisi, imiphumela yokusesha, kanye neminye imethadatha. Lokhu kwenza iphrothokholi iguquguquke kakhulu, yize futhi yethula okunye okungaphezulu maqondana nosayizi wekhanda kanye nokucutshungulwa.

Yini i-WebDAV ekuvumela ukuthi uyenze ngokoqobo?

Ngokombono womsebenzisi, i-WebDAV isetshenziselwa ukuphatha amafayela kuseva ekude njengokungathi asendaweni.Ezinhlelweni ezifana neWindows, i-macOS, noma i-Linux, insiza ye-WebDAV ingafakwa njenge- idrayivu yenethiwekhi noma indawo yokukhwezaukuze noma yiluphi uhlelo luvule futhi lugcine amadokhumenti kulo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi lusebenza ngokumelene ne-inthanethi.

Imisebenzi ejwayelekile enikwe amandla yi-WebDAV ifaka phakathi:

• Kopisha bese uhambisa amafayela ngaphakathi kweseva ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuzilanda kukhompyutha yomsebenzisi kuqala.
• Dala, qamba kabusha, futhi ususe izincwajana (amaqoqo) ngqo kuseva ekude.
• Shintsha izakhiwo zefayela nezinye izinsiza, njenge-metadata eyengeziwe esetshenziswa yiseva noma uhlelo lokusebenza.
• Setha ukukhiya ukuze abasebenzisi abaningi bakwazi ukufunda ifayela elinabantu abaningi, kodwa munye kuphela ongalihlela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
• Sesha okuqukethwe ezakhiweni ezinkulu zeziqondisi, kuncike emandleni e-PROPFIND kanye nezandiso zokusesha.

Kumphathi, ukuvumela isiqondisi se-WebDAV kuguqula iseva yewebhu ibe indawo yokushicilela ebambisene.Mane nje uchaze amafolda okumele adalulwe, unikeze izimvume kubasebenzisi noma amaqembu (okufundwayo kuphela, okufundwayo/okubhalwayo, njll.) futhi, uma uthanda, engeza izendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha njengokuqinisekiswa okuyisisekelo, ukuqinisekiswa kokugaya noma ukufinyelela okungaziwa okulawulwayo.

Isici esisodwa esithakazelisayo ukuthi i-WebDAV ingasebenza ngokubethela kusetshenziswa i-HTTPSUma isitifiketi se-SSL/TLS silungiselelwe kuseva, konke ukuxhumana (kufaka phakathi iziqinisekiso nedatha) kuhamba kuvikelwe, ngokuvamile ngokubethela okuqinile njenge-256-bit AES, kuye ngokucushwa kweseva.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-WebDAV

Ngenxa yokuthi isekelwe ku-HTTP, i-WebDAV isebenzisa ama-port ajwayelekile aziwayo (80 ye-HTTP kanye ne-443 ye-HTTPS). Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi ngezinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile, ngoba la machweba awavami ukuvinjelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile.

Enye inzuzo enamandla ukuhambisana kwayo okubanzi namaseva ewebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza.Amaseva afana ne-Apache, i-Nginx, i-lighttpd, i-Microsoft IIS, i-SabreDAV (ku-PHP), noma izixazululo zamafu ezifana ne-ownCloud kanye ne-Nextcloud anikeza ukwesekwa noma ukwesekwa kwe-WebDAV yomdabu ngamamojula nama-plugin.

Ezingeni lokuphatha, i-WebDAV yenza kube lula kakhulu ukucushwa kokufinyelela okukude.Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokwabelana (i-FTP, ezinye izindlela ze-SMB, njll.), ngokuvamile ayidingi ukuvula amachweba angavamile noma ukumisa amabanga amachweba angasebenzi ayinkimbinkimbi, okunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha kanye nezikhala ze-firewall.

Nokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezipheleleEnye yobuthakathaka be-WebDAV ukuthi Ibonisa kuphela inguqulo yamanje yedokhumentiUkulawulwa kwenguqulo ethuthukisiwe (umlando, amazwana okubuyekezwa, njll.) akuyona ingxenye yephrothokholi eyisisekelo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthembela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle noma izixazululo zokubambisana ezizisebenzisa zodwa.

Kukhona futhi nezinkinga ezithile ezingokoqobo:

• Ubunzima bokufakwa kanye nokulungiswa kahleKumsebenzisi ongenalo ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngamaseva ewebhu, ukumisa kahle i-WebDAV kungaba nzima ngandlela thile.
• Izingozi zokuphepha uma zilungiselelwe ngendlela engafaneleUkuveza i-WebDAV ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwe-HTTPS noma izilawuli zokufinyelela ezanele kungavula umnyango wokwebiwa kwedatha, ukulayishwa kwamafayela okunonya, noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwekhodi.
• Ukusebenza okulinganiselwe ezimweni ezinamafayela amaningi noma izixhumanisi ezihamba kancane: ngedatha enkulu noma amanethiwekhi ane-latency ephezulu, ezinye izinqubo zingase zisebenze kangcono.
• Izinkinga ezithile zokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithileNakuba uhlelo lokusebenza lusekela i-WebDAV, akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle ngokulinganayo ngama-drive afakwe kusetshenziswa le protocol.

Ukusebenza kanye nezici ezithonya i-WebDAV

Ukusebenza kwe-WebDAV kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokuxhumeka kanye nendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo kuseva nakuklayenti.Uma usebenzisa i-HTTP, uthintwa kakhulu yi-network latency: uma iseva ithatha isikhathi eside ukuphendula, umuzwa wokushelela uba mubi kakhulu lapho uvula futhi ulondoloza amafayela.

Njengomhlahlandlela ophelele, i-bandwidth engu-1-5 Mbps ivame ukwanele ukuhlela amadokhumenti ngokunethezeka.Ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-multimedia noma enkulu, kunconywa ukubambezeleka okusebangeni le-10-25 Mbps noma ngaphezulu. Ukubambezeleka okungaphansi kwama-50 ms ngokuvamile kunikeza ulwazi olubushelelezi.

Umklamo wephrothokholi ngokwawo wethula izindleko ezengeziwe.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamafayela amancane, ngoba umsebenzi ngamunye uhilela ama-header e-HTTP engeziwe kanye nezakhiwo ze-XML. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthumela ifayela elilodwa elikhulu ngesikhathi kuvame ukusebenza kahle kunokuphatha izinkulungwane zamafayela amancane.

Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kweseva ye-WebDAV kanye neklayenti nakho kwenza umehluko.Akuwona wonke amamojula e-Apache, i-Nginx, i-IIS noma imitapo yolwazi ehlukene yamakhasimende elungiselelwe ngokulinganayo, futhi lokhu kuyabonakala ngesivinini sokufakwa ohlwini, ukukopisha noma ukuvumelanisa.

Uma kusetshenziswa i-HTTPS, ukubethela kwe-SSL/TLS kwengeza imali eyengeziwe ye-CPU.Ku-hardware yamanje, le ndleko ivame ukuba yincane, kodwa kumadivayisi anezinsiza ezimbalwa (amadivayisi amadala e-NAS, ama-router anemisebenzi yokugcina, njll.) ingaba nomthelela obonakalayo.

Ukuqina nokubekezelela amaphutha

Nakuba i-WebDAV ingeyona uhlelo olutholakala kakhuluUkufakwa okuningi kuhlanganiswe nengqalasizinda enokuphindaphinda, ukukopisha, kanye nama-backups, okudluliselwa ekufinyeleleni nge-WebDAV.

Ezindaweni eziklanywe kahle, idatha ingagcinwa kumaseva noma ezindaweni eziningi.ukuze uma eyodwa yehluleka, izinhlelo zokusebenza ziqhubeke nokubona izinsiza ze-WebDAV ezitholakalayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisela umthwalo noma zokwehluleka ukusebenza ngemuva kwezigcawu.

Ukusebenzisa amakhodi wesimo se-HTTP anemininingwane kusiza ukuthola izinkinga nokuzisingatha kangcono.Uma umsebenzi wehluleka (ngenxa yezimvume, isikhala sediski, ukukhiya okusebenzayo, njll.), iseva iphendula ngekhodi ecacile iklayenti elingayichaza ukuze yazise umsebenzisi.

Ukuqaliswa okuningi kufaka phakathi izici zokulawula inguqulo kanye nezici zokubuyisa.ukuze uma kwenzeka iphutha noma idokhumenti ibhalwe ngephutha, kungenzeka ukubuyela enguqulweni yangaphambilini eqinile, yize lokhu kuncike kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile olusebenzisa i-WebDAV njengothutho.

Ukuhambisana kwe-WebDAV nezinhlelo zokusebenza

Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zeWebDAV ukuthi isekelwa ngokwendabuko yizinhlelo ezintathu ezinkulu zokusebenza zedeskithophu.I-Windows (kusukela ku-XP kuya phambili), i-macOS, kanye nokusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezimweni eziningi awudingi ukufaka noma yini eyengeziwe ukuze uqale ukuyisebenzisa.

Ku-Windows, iklayenti le-WebDAV lihlanganiswe ne-File Explorer. ngesevisi ye-WebClient. "Ungangeza indawo yenethiwekhi" noma "unamathisele idrayivu" ngokukhomba i-URL ye-WebDAV, futhi uzobona umthombo okude njengokungathi ungomunye nje wediski ohlelweni.

Ku-macOS, i-Finder ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume kumaseva e-WebDAV kusuka kumenyu ethi "Go > Connect to Server...".ngokufaka ikheli elihambisanayo. Uma seliqinisekisiwe, ivolumu iyafakwa futhi ivela kokubili kudeskithophu kanye nasesigabeni sezinsiza ezabiwe.

Ezindaweni zedeskithophu ze-Linux, abaphathi bamafayela abanjengoNautilus (Amafayela), Nemo, Dolphin, Thunar, noma i-PCManFM basekela i-WebDAV.Ngokuvamile, kwanele ukusebenzisa ama-URL anjengalawa. i-davs://server o i-webdav://server/path ukuze zikwazi ukufakwa njengezinhlelo zamafayela ezikude.

Ukuze uthole ukusetshenziswa okuthuthukile ku-Linux, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwamafayela lwe-davfs2., okuvumela ukufaka isisetshenziswa se-WebDAV nge-fstab njengokungathi yinoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo olukude, ukuze sihlanganiswe nenqubo yokuqalisa futhi sitholakale kufolda yomsebenzisi ethile.

Izibonelo zamaseva nezinsizakalo ezisebenzisa i-WebDAV

Amaseva amaningi ewebhu adumile afaka amamojula e-WebDAV. noma bangazifaka:

• IMicrosoft IIS: ifaka imojuli yayo ye-WebDAV, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ze-Windows zezinkampani.
• Iseva ye-Apache HTTPInamamojula amaningana (njenge-mod_dav, mod_dav_fs) kanye namathuluzi axhunyiwe njenge-davfs2 noma i-Subversion, asebenzisa i-WebDAV emisebenzini ethile.
• NginxIngahlanganiswa ne-PHP noma izixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle njenge-SabreDAV ukuze inikeze amakhono e-WebDAV.
• I-SabreDAV: uhlaka lwe-PHP olungeza ukwesekwa kwe-WebDAV kumaseva e-Apache noma e-Nginx.
• I-Nextcloud ne-ownCloudAmapulatifomu efu azimele adalula idatha yawo nge-WebDAV, evumela ukuthi afakwe njengama-remote drive.

Ezweni le-NAS (isitoreji esinamathiselwe kunethiwekhi), abakhiqizi abanjengo-QNAP noma i-Synology nabo banikeza ukwesekwa kwe-WebDAV. ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza noma amamojula athile, avumela amafolda abiwe ukuthi adalulwe kwi-inthanethi noma kunethiwekhi yendawo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-SMB noma i-FTP.

Ngisho nezinye izinsizakalo zokugcina amafu ezentengiselwano, njenge-pCloud, zinikeza ukufinyelela nge-WebDAVUma kwenzeka i-pCloud, isibonelo, kusetshenziswa i-URL ethile (njenge- https://ewebdav.pcloud.com (yesikhungo sedatha saseYurophu), kanye ne-imeyili ye-akhawunti kanye nephasiwedi, ukufaka isitoreji njengokungathi kungenye ifolda ehlanganyelwe, ngisho nevela ku-NAS.

Ukulungiselela i-WebDAV kumadivayisi e-NAS afana ne-QNAP kanye ne-Synology

Ku-QNAP NAS, ukuvumela i-WebDAV kuvame ukwehla ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa kuphaneli yokulawulaNgokuvamile, ufinyelela isigaba samaseva ohlelo lokusebenza futhi, ngaphakathi kweseva yewebhu, usebenzise isevisi ye-WebDAV, ekhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma isevisi isivuliwe, kukhethwa amachweba e-HTTP kanye ne-HTTPS okufanele uwasebenzise. (ungashiya okuzenzakalelayo noma unikeze ezinye ezithile ze-WebDAV) bese unquma ukuthi uzozuza yini izimvume zamafolda abiwe noma uchaze izimvume zakho zokufinyelela nge-WebDAV.

Uma ukhetha izimvume ezithile, udinga ukuya esigabeni samafolda abiwe se-NAS.Hlela ngayinye bese ukhetha uhlobo lwemvume ethi "WebDAV Access", unikeze abasebenzisi noma amaqembu owafunayo amalungelo okufunda/ukubhala. Kusukela lapho, lezo zinsiza zizobe sezilungele ukufakwa kusuka kumakhasimende ahambisanayo.

Ku-Synology, inqubo ihilela ukufaka iphakheji ethi “WebDAV Server” kusuka ku-Package CenterUma usuvuliwe, maka amabhokisi ukuze unike amandla i-HTTP ne-HTTPS (okwakamuva kuyanconywa) bese ulungiselela ama-port. Ezinkethweni ezithuthukisiwe, ungavumela ukufinyelela okungaziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, uphathe ukujula kokufinyelela (i-DavDepthInfinity), futhi unike amandla ukuloga imicimbi ye-WebDAV okuningiliziwe.

Kuzo zombili izimo (i-QNAP kanye ne-Synology), umkhuba ojwayelekile ukuhlanganisa i-WebDAV kune-HTTPS nezinqubomgomo ezinhle zezimvume, futhi uma iboniswa kwi-inthanethi, ithembele ku-VPN noma i-proxy ephambene enokuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe. ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlasela.

Ukuxhuma ku-WebDAV kusuka ku-Windows, macOS, kanye ne-Linux

Ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11, iklayenti le-WebDAV lisekelwe kusevisi ye-WebClient.Okokuqala, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubuyekeze amapharamitha athile kurejista, njenge I-BasicAuthLevelokulawula ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa okuyisisekelo kuvunyelwe nini (ngaphezu kwe-SSL kuphela, ngaphezu kwe-SSL hhayi i-SSL, noma kukhutshaziwe).

Ukwengeza indawo yenethiwekhi yeWebDAV ku-Windows Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kusukela ku-"Le PC": chofoza kwesokudla endaweni engenalutho, "Engeza indawo yenethiwekhi", khetha indawo yangokwezifiso bese ucacisa i-URL yeseva (nge-HTTP noma i-HTTPS, lokhu kokugcina kuyanconywa inqobo nje uma iseva inesitifiketi esivumelekile).

Ngesikhathi se-wizard, kufakwa iziqinisekiso zomsebenzisi bese kunikezwa igama kusixhumanisi.Ukusuka lapho, indawo yenethiwekhi izovela ku-Explorer futhi ungahudula, uvule futhi ulondoloze amafayela njengokungathi ifolda evamile eyabelwe.

Ku-macOS, inqubo ilula kakhuluVula i-Finder, iya kumenyu ethi "Go > Connect to Server...", faka i-URL ye-WebDAV, futhi ngemva kokufaka igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, idrayivu ibonakala ifakwe kudeskithophu nakubha eseceleni njengomthombo owabiwe.

Ku-Ubuntu nakwezinye izabelo ezisekelwe ku-GNOME, ungasebenzisa inketho ethi "Xhuma kuseva..." kumenyu yezindawo.Khetha uhlobo lwesevisi ye-WebDAV (i-HTTP noma i-HTTPS), faka i-URL, igama lomsebenzisi (ngokuvamile liyifomethi ye-imeyili), kanye nephasiwedi. Umphathi wefayela uzobe esefaka ifolda ye-WebDAV futhi akuvumele ukuthi uphathe amafayela kalula.

Ezindaweni zekhonsoli, amathuluzi afana ne-Cadaver asebenza njenge-"terminal WebDAV client"Ixhuma ku-URL ekude, icele igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, futhi inikeza imiyalo efana negobolondo (ls, get, put, mv, njll.) ukuphatha izinsiza, ngendlela efana nendlela i-smbclient eziphatha ngayo ngamasheya e-SMB.

Ukusebenzisa i-WebDAV ngamathuluzi akhethekile (i-rclone, i-davfs2, njll.)

Ngaphezu kwamakhasimende afakwe ohlelweni, kukhona amathuluzi athile asebenzisa kakhulu i-WebDAV.. Enye eyaziwa kakhulu i-rclone, esebenza “njengommese we-Swiss Army” wokuvumelanisa nokuphakela izinhlelo zamafayela ezikude.

Nge-rclone ungaveza i-backend yesitoreji njengeseva ye-WebDAV usebenzisa imiyalo yesitayela i-rclone serve i-webdav remote:path, ukulungisa amapharamitha afana ne-port, izitifiketi ze-TLS, ukuqinisekiswa ngefayela le-htpasswd (ngokuvamile ngamaphasiwedi abethelwe nge-BCrypt), usayizi we-cache kanye nenqubomgomo, njll.

Ku-Linux, i-davfs2 ikuvumela ukuthi ufake izinsiza ze-WebDAV njengezinhlelo zamafayela ezivamile. ngokusebenzisa imiyalo ye-/etc/fstab noma ye-mount/umount, ukulondoloza iziqinisekiso kumafayela okucushwa okuphephile (~/.davfs2/secrets) nokuvumela amadrayivu ukuthi afakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ungena ngemvume.

Lawa mathuluzi awusizo kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinsizakalo ezifana ne-Nextcloud, i-ownCloud, i-pCloud, noma ngisho ne-rclone backends kuma-backup scripts, ukuvumelanisa okuhleliwe noma ukukhweza okuhlala njalo okusebenza njengamadiski endawo yize empeleni esebenzisa i-WebDAV.

Izingozi zokuphepha kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-WebDAV

Ngenxa yokuthi ilula kakhulu futhi idlula kalula izithiyo zomlilo, i-WebDAV iyisisulu esithakazelisayo sabahlaseli. Uma ivuliwe ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okwanele, ukwandisa i-HTTP ukuze ivumele ukulayishwa nokuhlela amafayela kusho ukuthi, uma ilungiselelwe kabi, ingagcina inike noma ubani ikhono lokulayisha amafayela ayingozi kuseva.

Isigaba esijwayelekile sokuhlasela iseva yeWebDAV ukubalwa.Okungukuthi, ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezivezwayo, yiziphi izandiso zamafayela ezivunyelwe, yiziphi izindlela ezivuliwe, nokuthi yiziphi izilungiselelo zokuphepha ezisetshenzisiwe (noma cha).

Amathuluzi afana ne-Davtest asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kokungena.Empeleni, i-Davtest ilayisha inani elikhulu lamafayela anezandiso ezahlukene ukuze ibone ukuthi yiziphi ezamukelwayo, futhi ekugcineni, ezisetshenziswa yiseva, okusiza ukuthola ama-vectors okusebenzisa ikhodi ekude.

Isidumbu, ngaphezu kokusebenza njengeklayenti elisemthethweni, sisetshenziswa nasekuhlolweni okuhlaselayo. ukuze uzulazule esihlahleni sezinsiza, ulayishe "ama-webshell" anonya noma amafayela lapho ukucushwa kuvumela khona, bese uhlola ukuqina kokugunyazwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhuba emihle.: khawulela ukuthi yimiphi imizila evezwa nge-WebDAV, khubaza izindlela ezingadingekile, hlunga izandiso eziyingozi, sebenzisa i-HTTPS ngezitifiketi zamanje, sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi uwavuselele njalo, khawulela ukufinyelela kumanethiwekhi athembekile noma nge-VPN, futhi uqaphe amalogi ukuze uthole ukuziphatha okungavamile.

Ubudlelwano beWebDAV nesitoreji samafu

I-WebDAV akuyona "enye iDropbox", kodwa iphrothokholi esetshenziswa yizinsizakalo eziningi zokugcina idatha. ukukunikeza ukufinyelela okukude kumafayela akho kusuka kumadivayisi ahlukene. Umehluko uwukuthi, esikhundleni sokuhlala uncike kuklayenti elisemthethweni lomkhiqizo ngamunye, ungasebenzisa i-WebDAV ukuhlanganisa leyo datha nesistimu yakho yokusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Uma ufuna ukufinyelela amadokhumenti akho usekhaya nasemsebenziniI-WebDAV ingaba yingxenye ebalulekile: ungasetha iseva yakho (noma yenkampani yakho, noma i-NAS, noma isevisi yamafu ehambisanayo) njengedrayivu kuwo womabili amakhompyutha futhi usebenze ngamafayela afanayo ngaphandle kokukopisha izinto ku-USB noma ukuzithumela nge-imeyili.

Kumafu angasese njenge-Nextcloud noma i-ownCloud, i-WebDAV iyindlela eyinhloko yokuveza amafayela kumakhasimende angaphandle.Amaklayenti edeskithophu ngokuvamile ayisebenzisa ngaphakathi, kodwa ungayifaka ngqo ohlelweni lokusebenza noma ku-NAS ukuze, isibonelo, wenze izipele ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka kumafolda akho endawo kuya efwini.

Izinsizakalo ezifana ne-pCloud, ezihlanganiswe nge-WebDAV zibe yi-QNAP, i-Synology, noma i-NAS efanayo, zikuvumela ukuthi uphathe ifu njengenye ifolda ehlanganyelwe.Ukusuka lapho ungaqala amakhophi edatha amaningi, izikripthi ezihleliwe, noma umane uyisebenzise njenge-"hard drive yangaphandle" efinyeleleka noma kuphi.

Ngaleyo ndlela, i-WebDAV iyindlela ehlukile noma ehambisanayo yobuchwepheshe kumaphrothokholi afana ne-SMB, i-FTP, noma i-SFTPKunokuba ibe ngumncintiswano oqondile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo "lwefu", inikeza indlela ejwayelekile; "insizakalo yokugcina" ingaba sekhaya lakho, ebhizinisini lakho, noma kumhlinzeki okude.

Ezinye izindlela zokwabelana ngamafayela esikhundleni se-WebDAV

Kuye ngesimo, ungase ube nentshisekelo yokusebenzisa ezinye izinqubo esikhundleni se-WebDAV.Ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuyigcina ku-radar yakho.

I-SMB/CIFS (“i-Microsoft Networking” yakudala) iyinkosi yamanethiwekhi endawo ezindaweni ze-WindowsEzinguqulweni zayo zesimanje (njenge-SMB 3.0) inikeza ubuqiniso obuqinile kanye nokubethela idatha nge-AES, okwenza kube inketho ephephile kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-LAN.

Kodwa-ke, i-SMB ayiklanyelwe ukuba ivezwe ngqo kwi-inthanethi.Ukuvula amachweba akho ngaphandle kubeka engcupheni enkulu kakhulu kubumfihlo nokuvikeleka, ngakho-ke uma kudingeka ukufinyelela kude, kuvame ukumbozwa ngaphakathi kwe-VPN kunokuyivula ngqo.

I-FTP ingenye indlela ejwayelekile yokudlulisa amafayela kokubili kumanethiwekhi endawo kanye ne-inthanethiIkuvumela ukuthi ulayishe futhi ulande amafayela kalula, kodwa i-FTP yendabuko ayibhali ngemfihlo ubuqiniso noma idatha, okwenza kube yinto engavikelekile kakhulu kumanethiwekhi angathembekile.

Ukuze wengeze ukuphepha ku-FTP, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana ne-FTPS noma i-FTPES.ezihlanganisa ukuxhumana ku-SSL/TLS futhi zivumele ukusetshenziswa kwama-cipher aqinile njenge-AES-128-GCM, okunciphisa izinkinga ze-FTP ecacile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-SFTP isekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-SSH futhi ibhala ngemfihlo kokubili iziqinisekiso kanye nedatha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.Kungenye yezinketho ezinconywa kakhulu lapho okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha ezindaweni ezikude, yize i-semantics yayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kufana kakhulu ne-SSH kune-HTTP.

Kukhona futhi izixazululo kanye nezinqubo eziqondiswe ekuvumelaniseni nasekuphatheni okuqukethwe, njengo:

• rsync: ithuluzi eligxile ekuvumelaniseni iziqondisi, elisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-backups aqhubekayo.
• I-AtomPubIphrothokholi ye-HTTP yokudala nokubuyekeza izinsiza zewebhu, esetshenziswa kwamanye ama-CMS.
• Izinsizakalo Zokusebenzisana Kokuphathwa Kokuqukethwe (i-CMIS): vula indinganiso ukuze izinhlelo ezahlukene zokuphatha amadokhumenti zikwazi ukushintshanisa ulwazi.
• UkuvumelanisaUkuvumelanisa phakathi kwamadivayisi, okuhlukaniswe ngokwezinga elithile nokuphephile, okugxile kakhulu emsebenzini wesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokudlula kuseva ephakathi yakudala.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-WebDAV nalezi zindlela kuncike esimweni esithile.: uhlobo lwenethiwekhi (yendawo noma i-inthanethi), izidingo zokuphepha, ukulungiselelwa okulula, izidingo zokubambisana, usayizi wefayela namathuluzi atholakala endaweni yakho.

Ekugcineni, i-WebDAV isalokhu iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu lokufinyelela amafayela akude usebenzisa i-HTTP/HTTPSLokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukuphatha iseva, i-NAS, noma ifu eliyimfihlo njengokungathi liyifolda yendawo efinyeleleka kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwesimanje, okuhlanganisa ukulula okukhulu nezinketho zokuphepha ezifanele uma kulungiselelwe kahle.