Iyini i-Windows Virtual Hardware Lab Kit (VHLK) futhi ungayithola kanjani ngokugcwele?

Uma usebenza nabashayeli namadivayisi e -Windows , uzozwa okuningi nge-VHLK ne-HLK. I-Windows Virtual Hardware Lab Kit (VHLK) empeleni iyi-HLK eyakhelwe kusengaphambili esithombeni se-VHDX esisebenziseka kalula , futhi ungakha futhi ulungiselele i-VM ku-Hyper-V ukuze uyiqalise futhi isebenze ngokushesha. I-HLK yendabuko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlaka lokuhlola olufaka kuseva. Zombili ziyingxenye yoHlelo Lokuhambisana Nehadiwe ye-Windows futhi, uma zisetshenziswa kahle, zingakongela isikhathi, ukukhungatheka, kanye nokuhlupheka.

Lo mhlahlandlela uqonda ngqo ephuzwini: ukuthi iyini i-VHLK, ihluke kanjani ku-HLK, yiziphi izinguqulo ozidingayo ukuze uthole isitifiketi, yini entsha kuzibuyekezo zakamuva , nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokushesha endaweni ebonakalayo nge-Hyper-V. Uzobona nezici ezibalulekile ezifana nohlu lwadlalwayo lokuhlola, izihlungi (iziphambeko), okuqukethwe okwengeziwe (ama-ISO), izidingo zenethiwekhi kanye nokuphepha kanye nezilungiselelo ezivame ukwenza umehluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa okuhlanzekile nobusuku obude bokulungisa amaphutha.

Iyini i-Windows Virtual Hardware Lab Kit (VHLK)?

I-VHLK iyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokuqala ukuhlola ngaphandle kokusetha iseva kusukela ekuqaleni: iyikhithi yelebhu yehadiwe ephelele, efakwe kusengaphambili, futhi elungiselelwe kusengaphambili kufayela le-VHDX , elungele ukusebenza njengomshini obonakalayo. Ngayo, ungayeqa ukufakwa komshayeli we-HLK , usethe indawo ngokushesha, futhi usebenzise i-Windows Hardware Certification ngqo kusuka ku-VM.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo: isilungele ukuqala nokusebenzisa, isebenzisa umshayeli we-HLK njengomshini obonakalayo , futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubambe i-VM yomshayeli we-HLK kumishini yonjiniyela (kungenzeka nge -virtualization ehlanganisiwe ku-Hyper-V ) esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ihadiwe ezinikele. Uma ukhetha inqubo yokuqalisa eqondisiwe, imibhalo ye-Microsoft incoma ukuthi ubheke i- VHLK Getting Started Guide enama-Hands-on Notes.

Imininingwane ewusizo okufanele uyazi: I-VHLK isatshalaliswa njenge-VHDX engama-bit angu-64 , futhi i-Microsoft ngezinye izikhathi ishicilele isiqondiso esithile sama-VM athile ezivakashi (isibonelo, izincomo ze-Windows 10, inguqulo 1903, njenge-VM ezivakashi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilimi zesistimu kanye nemvelo ye-VM zingathinta ukusebenza kwesitudiyo kanye nokusekelwa kwezingxenye.

I-HLK vs VHLK kanye ne-Hardware Compatibility Program (WHCP)

I-Windows Hardware Lab Kit (HLK) iwuhlaka olusemthethweni lokuhlola lwe-Microsoft lwabashayeli namadivayisi e-Windows 11, Windows 10, kanye ne-Windows Server (2016 nangemva kwalokho) . Ukuze ufanelekele uhlelo lokuhambisana kwe-Windows Hardware , imikhiqizo kumele iphumelele i-HLK test suite futhi ithumele imiphumela njengengxenye yephakheji yayo yokuthumela.

I-VHLK inikeza injongo efanayo kodwa ngefomethi ye-virtualized : yenzelwe izindawo ezinama-VM nama-lab azenzakalelayo , okususa isidingo sokunikezela ihadiwe ebonakalayo kumlawuli wekhithi kuphela. Kalula nje: i-HLK "yilokho" (uhlaka kanye nokuhlolwa) kanti i-VHLK "indlela" (ukusatshalaliswa okubonakalayo okulungele ukuqala).

Ukuze uthole isitifiketi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inguqulo efanele ye-HLK ye-OS eqondiwe . I-Microsoft igcina ukulungiswa kwenguqulo; kalula nje, uma uzama inhlanganisela engasekelwa, ngeke uqale ukuhlolwa . Nasi isifinyezo esibhalwe kabusha nesisebenzayo se-matrix yenguqulo yesitifiketi:

Ngale kwenguqulo yekhithi, iMicrosoft ishicilela izinsiza ezenza impilo yakho ibe lula: uhlu lwadlalwayo olusemthethweni lwe-WHCP , ukuze kuqhutshwe izivivinyo ze-HLK ezidingekayo ngesigaba, kanye nezihlungi ze-HLK (errata) , ezikuvumela ukuthi weqe ngokufanele izivivinyo ezinemiphumela emibi noma izinkinga eziqashelwayo, uzisebenzise ngqo kusuka ku -HLK Studio.

Kwamanye amaqembu udinga futhi okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kokuhlolwa (ama-ISO) ukuze uqedele ukuhlolwa kwemidiya, ihluzo, noma i-MTBF. I-Microsoft inikeza izithombe ezifana ne -HLK_DXVA.iso , HLK_HMFT.iso , kanye ne -HLK_PERF.iso ngezinhlobo ezimboza i -Windows 11 (21H2/22H2/23H2/24H2) kanye nezinguqulo eziningi ze -Windows 10 (1607 → 2004, 1903, 1909, 1803, 1809) . Uma ukuhlolwa kudinga lokho, faka i-ISO efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikesi lidlula ngokwethembeka.

Izindaba ezihlobene ezibuyekezweni zakamuva

I-Microsoft ivuselele i-HLK ne-VHLK ye- Windows 11 24H2 kanye ne-Windows Server 2025 , ithatha indawo ye-RTM yokuqala kusukela ngoMeyi 2024. Ekuxhumaneni kwangoMeyi 6, 2025 kanye nezibuyekezo ezilandelayo, kugcizelelwe ukuthi lezi zibuyekezo zifaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, ukususwa kwamacala okuhlola aphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye nokwengezwa kwamasethi amasha athuthukisa ikhwalithi ngokunciphisa ukuhlelwa kwamaphutha aziwayo.

Kunezinto ezimbili ezivelele ngokukhethekile: ukuhlolwa okusha kwe-Bluetooth LE Audio (okufanelekile ekuqinisekiseni amadivayisi akamuva omsindo) kanye nokusekelwa okungcono nokusebenza ngemishini ebonakalayo ye-Generation 2 ku-VHLK , okusheshisa ama-lab asebenza ngokugcwele kanye nokufakwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Kubalulekile ekuhambisaneni nemithetho: izinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe zithatha indawo yezidlule . Uma uthembela ku-HLK/VHLK ukuze uthole amasignesha e-WHQL (noma ekuqinisekisweni kwakho kwangaphakathi noma ngabe usebenzisa i-Attestation ukuze usayine), kufanele uthuthele kula makhithi ukuze ulondoloze ukuhambisana ne-Windows 11 yamanje kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-Server. Ngokusho kwamanothi okukhululwa, i-VHLK ebuyekeziwe ivame ukukhishwa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-HLK , ngakho-ke qaphela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni.

Uma zizonke, lezi zibuyekezo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi nabashayeli basebenza njengoba kulindelekile ngosuku lokwethulwa , kunciphisa izimanga kanye nokusekela amathikithi ekukhiqizweni. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe, iMicrosoft ibhekisela kubhulogi yayo esemthethweni yehadiwe kanye nemibhalo ye-HLK/VHLK.

Izidingo, izakhiwo kanye nemibhalo ebalulekile

Indawo evamile ye-HLK iqukethe i- Controller, i-Studio, kanye ne-Client(s) . I-Controller kanye ne-Studio zingahlala ndawonye emshinini ofanayo, kodwa i-Microsoft itusa ukuthi i-OS yeseva ibe yi -Windows Server x64 (inguqulo yesiNgisi ) ukuze ihambisane nekhithi kanye nokuncika kwayo. Amaklayenti ayizinhlelo eziqondiwe zokuhlola (lapho ufaka khona umshayeli/idivayisi ozoyiqinisekisa).

Uma ukhetha i-VHLK, qaphela izidingo zomsingathi ezinconywayo: i-CPU engu-8-core ene-SLAT, okungenani i-RAM engu-8 GB, i-virtualization esebenzayo ku-BIOS/UEFI, kanye nesikhala sediski esingaba ngu-120 GB samahhala . Landa i-VHDX kusuka ku -Microsoft Evaluation Center, uyixhume ku-VM, bese uyiqalisa; inzuzo isikhathi osonga ngaso ekufakweni nasekucushweni ngesandla.

Idokhumenti ye-HLK ne-VHLK igcinwa ivuselelwe. I-Microsoft ishicilela i -PDF elandiwe enamadokhumenti akamuva (chofoza inkinobho ethi "Landa i-PDF" kubha eseceleni yedokhumenti eku-inthanethi), futhi ifaka izingxenye ezinikezelwe zokudlalwayo , izihlungi/iziphambeko , kanye nokuqukethwe okwengeziwe . Ukuba nalokhu kutholakala kalula kukongela isikhathi nomzamo.

Ngokuphathelene nokusayina nokuthunyelwa: Ngezinguquko zeminyaka yamuva nje, isignesha yobufakazi (ene-EV) ihlanganisa amacala amaningi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-HLK, kodwa ukudlula i-HLK kusalokhu kuyisihluthulelo se-WHQL nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwangempela . Abakhiqizi abaningi bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-HLK ukuze baqinisekise ukujula nokuthembeka kokuhlolwa kwayo , ngisho nalapho ukusayina kungeyona imbangela eyinhloko.

Ukuqala Okusheshayo: I-HLK ne-VHLK Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Uma ukhetha ukufakwa kwe-HLK okuvamile, landa isifaki (ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-HLKSetup.exe ). Icebiso eliwusizo: qamba kabusha ngemva kokulanda uma uphatha izinguqulo eziningi, njengoba zabelana ngegama elifanayo. Ngesikhathi sewizadi yokufaka, khetha i-Controller + Studio , vuma ukuvula amachweba adingekayo okuxhumana kwe-Controller/Client, bese uqhubeka nokufaka.

Kuma-HLK kits esimanje aklanyelwe i-Windows 11, i-SQL Server 2019 ifakwa futhi ihlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo . Uma uthuthukisa kusuka kuma-kits amadala noma unezimo zangaphambilini, khipha noma yiziphi izinguqulo ze-SQL ezingahambisani ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukusetha ukuze ugweme izingxabano. Uma usuqedile, uzobona i-HLK Studio kumenyu ethi Qala (ama-Windows Kits) futhi uzokwazi ukudala nokuphatha amaphrojekthi/izivivinyo.

Uma ukhetha i-VHLK, inqubo ilula nakakhulu: ku-Hyper-V, dala iswishi yangaphandle ebonakalayo uma ungenayo kakade, dala i-VM, bese unamathisela i-VHLK VHDX njengediski ekhona . Ekuqaliseni kokuqala , uzodlula esikrinini sezilungiselelo zesifunda; bese ungasetha iphasiwedi ye- HLKAdminUser (ungasebenzisi i-Administrator ukuhlola). Isebenza ku-WORKGROUP uma ungenayo isizinda, okusheshisa ama-pilote nama-lab amancane.

Uma umshayeli eselungile (efakiwe noma evirtualized), isinyathelo esilandelayo yiklayenti. I-Microsoft ibhala inqubo ngokuthi "Isinyathelo 2: Faka iKlayenti kuhlelo(ama) lokuhlola" ; empeleni, ufaka i-ejenti ye-HLK kuzinhlelo eziqondiwe , uyihlanganise nephrojekthi evela ku-Studio, bese unikeza uhlu lwadlalwayo olufanele ukuze kuqhutshwe izivivinyo ezifanele (futhi usebenzise izihlungi uma kudingeka).

I-Hyper-V Lab Izenzo Ezinhle Kakhulu: Inethiwekhi, Ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza

Ezindaweni ezibonakalayo, inethiwekhi cishe iyikho konke. I-Hyper-V inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu zokushintsha okubonakalayo : okwangaphandle (ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi/i-inthanethi ebonakalayo), okwangaphakathi (ukuxhumana kwe-VM↔host), kanye nokwangasese (phakathi kwama-VM kuphela). I-switch ezenzakalelayo ingakuthola ngokusebenzisa i-NAT, kodwa uma udinga izinqubomgomo, imizila, noma ukufinyelela kwe-LAN okuqondile , dala futhi unikeze i-switch yangaphandle echazwe kahle. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe nge-topology yenethiwekhi, bheka izinhlobo zenethiwekhi ze-Hyper-V.

Ukuze uhlukanise ithrafikhi, vumela i-Virtual LAN Identification (VLAN) ku-adaptha yenethiwekhi ye-VM: i-VLAN ngayinye ihlukanisa ithrafikhi ezingeni elinengqondo. Uma wabelana nge-host namaqembu amaningi namaphrojekthi, ukunciphisa i-bandwidth nge-VM kusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlolwa okukodwa okugcwele ngokweqile ukuthi kungathinti lonke ilabhorethri.

Nika amandla ukulungiswa kokusheshiswa kwehadiwe uma i-NIC yakho izisekela: I-VMQ isabalalisa umthwalo wephakethe phakathi kwama-cores bese i-IPsec ikhipha ukubethela kusuka ku-CPU kuya ku-NIC, okuthuthukisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokuzinza ekuhlolweni okujulile.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, i-Hyper-V inikeza amagugu athile: ikheli le -MAC eliguquguqukayo noma elingaguquki (lungisa elilodwa uma udinga imithetho yenethiwekhi ezinzile), ukukhwabanisa kwe-MAC kokuhlolwa okuthile, kanye nokuvikelwa okufana ne -DHCP Guard , i-Router Guard , kanye ne-Protected Network ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuziphatha okungafanele kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo ekuqaleni. Uma wenza ukuhlolwa, ukwenza izibuko ze-port mirroring (umthombo/indawo oya kuyo) kukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule amaphakethe e-probe. Futhi uma udinga ukuqina noma i-throughput, i-NIC Teaming ngaphakathi kwe-guest host ingaba umngane wakho.

Ukuze uthole i-guest boot kanye nokuphepha, sebenzisa i-Secure Boot enephrofayili efanele: i-Microsoft Windows yama-Windows VM, i-Microsoft UEFI CA yokusatshalaliswa okuningi kwe-Linux , kanye ne -Open Source Shielded VM uma uvikela i-Linux. Uma kudingeka, vumela i -virtual TPM kanye ne-state and migration encryption ukuze uvikele izimfihlo kanye nezithombe ezithunyelwayo; qaphela ukuthi i-full shielding ikhubaza amakhono okuphatha njenge-console noma i-PowerShell Direct.

Ekuphathweni kwememori, ihlanganisa ukwabiwa okuhleliwe nokuphathwa kwememori okuguquguqukayo ukuze imunce ama-spikes: ichaza amanani amancane/aphezulu kanye ne -buffer efanelekile (isb., 20%). Njengoba ama-VM amaningi encintisana, ilungisa isisindo sememori kanye nezilawuli ze-CPU (ukugcina, umkhawulo, kanye nokubaluleka) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-VM abalulekile awaphelelwa yizinsiza. Uma i-host inkulu, i-NUMA iyahlukanisa: ihlonipha i-topology ukuze inciphise ukweqa kwememori.

Ukuze uthole isitoreji , isilawuli se-SCSI sikuvumela ukuthi ungeze amadiski e-VHD/VHDX nama-DVD drive (ukuze ufake ama-ISO afana ne-HLK_DXVA/HMFT/PERF uma kudingeka ngokuhlolwa). Hlola i -oda lokuqalisa ku-firmware ukuze uqale kuqala kusuka ku-ISO ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesivakashi bese kuba kusuka kudiski. Izindawo zokuhlola zisindisa impilo ngaphambi kwezinguquko ezinkulu, kodwa khumbula ukuthi zithatha isikhala sediski; zisebenzise ngokuhlakanipha, futhi ezimweni zokufuduka, ungakopisha umshini obonakalayo ku-Hyper-V.

Okokugcina, lungisa umjikelezo wokuphila: nquma isenzo sokuqalisa esizenzakalelayo (qala lapho i-host ivula noma ingavuli) kanye nesenzo sokuvala (hlanza ukuvala, gcina isimo, noma nqamula). Kumalebhu abiwe, lezi zilungiselelo zivimbela ukumangala futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi i-VM ayisebenzi ngemuva ngokungadingekile; ungenza futhi ukuqalisa kwemishini ebonakalayo kube ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kube nezimo eziphindaphindwayo.

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, qala ngezinto eziyisisekelo: qinisekisa ukuthi kunezinsiza ezanele (i-CPU/RAM/disk) , hlola i- Host Event Viewer ukuthola amalogi e -Hyper-V/HLK , qinisekisa ubuqotho be-VHD/VHDX , qinisekisa ukuthi i-VM inamathele kuswishi efanele , bese uzama ukukhubaza okwesikhashana i-firewall ukuze uhlukanise izinkinga zokuxhumeka. Ekufakweni kwe-OS, amaphutha avame ukukhomba kuma -ISO onakele noma abashayeli abalahlekile.

Inothi eliseceleni: Ezinye izihloko ezikhuluma ngezindaba zokuvuselela ze-HLK/VHLK zifaka phakathi amabhlogo okusingathwa kwezikhangiso noma amawijethi ; lokhu akuthinti ukusetshenziswa kwekhithi, kodwa kuyalulekwa ukugxila emithonjeni esemthethweni ye-Microsoft yezinguqulo, izimfuneko, kanye nokulandwa.

Khumbula ukuthi ungadinga uhlu lwadlalwayo olusemthethweni lwe-WHCP ukuze usebenzise lokho okudingayo, izihlungi ze-errata ku-HLK Studio ukuze ususe amaphutha aziwayo, ama-ISO engeziwe emidiya/ihluzo/i-MTBF, kanye nemibhalo ye-PDF engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukuze ubhekisele ku-inthanethi. Futhi i-VHLK iyindlela emfushane esebenza kahle kakhulu uma ungafuni (noma ungakwazi) ukufaka iseva ezinikele kumshayeli wekhithi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokunika amandla i-virtualization ku-BIOS naku-UEFI isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.