Kuyini i-NVIDIA Ising futhi iqhuba kanjani i-quantum computing?

I-Quantum computing isibe ngomunye wemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe ethembisayo kakhulu, kodwa futhi ingenye yemikhakha enzima kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza. Nakuba izinkampani ezifana ne-Google, nge- I-chip ye-willow, noma i-IBM yenze intuthuko enkulu, izinselele zomzimba, umsindo, kanye nobunjiniyela Zihlala zinkulu kakhulu futhi zivimbela ukwamukelwa kwazo kwangempela embonini.

Kulesi simo, kuvela i-NVIDIA Ising, umndeni omusha wamamodeli obuhlakani bokwenziwa avulekile ahlose ngqo lezo zinkinga ezingakhangi kangako kodwa ezibucayi: ukulinganiswa kwamaprosesa e-quantum kanye nokulungiswa okuhlelekile kwamaphuthaAsikhulumi ngokuhlola okuhlukile, kodwa ukubheja okunesu lokuguqula i-AI ibe "indiza yokulawula" yemishini ye-quantum nokuletha ukubalwa kwe-quantum okusebenzayo eduze unomphela.

Kuyini i-NVIDIA Ising futhi kungani ibizwa kanjalo?

I-NVIDIA Ising umndeni wamamodeli e-AI omthombo ovulekile Yakhelwe ukusebenza ngokubambisana nama-quantum processors (ama-QPU) kanye nezinhlelo ze-hybrid quantum-classical, inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukwenza imisebenzi emibili ezenzakalelayo kanye nokwenza ngcono okwamanje edla isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabantu: ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kwama-QPU kanye nokuchazwa kokulungiswa kwamaphutha e-quantum ngesikhathi sangempela.

Igama elithi Ising aliyona into yokumaketha: libhekisela ku- Imodeli ye-IsingImodeli ye-Ising iyimodeli yezibalo yakudala eyasungulwa ngo-1925 ngu-Ernst Ising ukuze atadishe izinhlelo zezinhlayiya ezinokusebenzisana kwamagnetic. Le modeli iyisisekelo ku-physics yezibalo ukuze kuqondwe ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokuziphatha kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi isibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokubhekana izinkinga ezinzima zokwenza ngcono kwi-quantum computingI-NVIDIA ithatha lowo mqondo njengesingathekiso: ukwenza lula izinhlelo zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngamamodeli aklanywe kahle.

Empeleni, i-Ising akuyona imodeli eyodwa, kodwa isethi ephelele yamamodeli, amathuluzi, idatha, kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza okungashintshwa ukuze kuhambisane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zehadiwe ye-quantum. Ihlangana ngokwemvelo ne-NVIDIA stack, ikakhulukazi nge I-CUDA-Q (ipulatifomu yesofthiwe yekhompyutha ye-hybrid quantum-classical) kanye nokuxhumana Isixhumanisi se-NVQ, exhumanisa ngqo ama-QPU nama-GPU ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka ekulawuleni nasekulungiseni amaphutha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NVIDIA Ising inikezwa njengobuchwepheshe obuvulekile nobungasetshenziswa kabusha: Amamodeli avulelekile futhi anelayisensi evumelekile.ukuze amalabhorethri, izinkampani kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo bakwazi ukuzilanda, bazisebenzise endaweni, bazilungise ngokwezakhiwo zabo futhi balondoloze ukulawula okuphelele kwedatha yabo yangasese ngaphandle kokuthembela kumasevisi angaphandle uma bengafuni.

I-Ising ingena kuphi ngaphakathi kwe-encyclopedia yemodeli ye-NVIDIA?

U-Ising akafiki yedwa, kodwa njengengxenye ye- Isu elibanzi le-NVIDIA lokudala amamodeli e-AI aqondile kwezindawo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Le nkampani isivele inezinhlobo eziningana zemikhiqizo eziqondiswe ezindaweni ezahlukene: I-Nemotron kwezinhlelo ze-AI ezisebenzayo, I-Cosmos nge-AI ebonakalayo, Isaka kwezamarobhothi, Clara y I-BioNeMo kwezokwelapha nge-biomedicine, Apollo yefiziksi ye-AI noma Alpamayo kwezimoto ezizisebenzela zona, phakathi kwezinye.

Nge-Ising, i-NVIDIA isebenzisa leyo logic efanayo ezweni le-quantum: hlinzeka ngamamodeli alungele ukukhiqizwa ezimboza amaphuzu abalulekile esitaki sobuchwepheshe esikhethekile kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokumane sinikeze ihadiwe noma umtapo wolwazi ozimele, indlela iwukuletha iphakheji ehambisanayo ye-AI, idatha, namathuluzi aguqula ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola bube uhlelo olusebenziseka kahle.

Le ndlela eqondile inokuchazwa okucacile: I-NVIDIA ifuna ukuzibeka njengebhuloho phakathi kwe-quantum computing kanye ne-GPU-accelerated classical computingEsikhundleni sokuthengisa "i-quantum chip", ukugxila kwabo kukulawula isofthiwe kanye nesendlalelo se-AI esenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa nokukhulisa lawo ma-chip ezimweni zangempela.

Inkinga yangempela ye-quantum mechanics: umsindo, ukulawula, kanye nokuphindaphinda

Uma kukhulunywa nge-quantum computing, ukugxila kuvame ukuba senani lama-qubit noma "ubukhulu be-quantum," kodwa inkinga ikwenye indawo: ukugcina ama-qubits ezinzile, elinganisiwe, futhi enamazinga amaphutha alawulekayoAma-Qubit, njengoba esesimweni sokuma nokubanjwa, azwela kakhulu umsindo wemvelo, lokushisakuya ekudlidlizeni, ukungapheleli kwehadiwe, njll.

Ngokusho kwe-NVIDIA futhi okuqinisekiswe yizwi lomkhakha njengoSam Stanwyck (umqondisi wenkampani wemikhiqizo ye-quantum), Amaprosesa e-quantum angcono kakhulu amanje enza cishe iphutha elilodwa njalo ngemisebenzi eyinkulungwaneNakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kumangalisa, kusesekude kakhulu nalokho okudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo nezinenani eliphezulu, lapho amazinga amaphutha kufanele ancishiswe kakhulu, okungcono kube ukwehluleka okukodwa emisebenzini eyizigidigidi noma ngaphansi. Lesi simo siyabonakala futhi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkampani ezifana IBM kanye nabanye abadlali ababalulekile kulo mkhakha.

Ukuze sibhekane nalokho kuthembeka, ukwengeza nje ama-qubit engeziwe akwanele. Kudinga... ukulungiswa kwephutha le-quantum kanye nokulinganiswa kwehadiwe okuqhubekayoLokhu kuhilela ukucubungula ama-terabyte okulinganisa ama-qubit "izinkulungwane zezikhathi ngomzuzwana" ngama-algorithms okubhala ikhodi akudala adinga kakhulu, kuyilapho cishe kulungiswa njalo amapharamitha eprosesa ye-quantum ukuze ayigcine isezingeni eliphezulu.

Kuze kube manje, lowo msebenzi wawuhlukaniswe phakathi amaqembu ososayensi befiziksi alungisa amapharamitha ngesandla —ezibizayo, ezihamba kancane, futhi ezingakhuliswa— kanye nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ezilula ezihlulekayo njengoba ama-prototype ekhula. Ukwanda ngakunye kwenani lama-qubit kwandisa kakhulu ubunzima bokusebenza. Kulapha kanye lapho I-NVIDIA Ising ihlose "umsebenzi ongcolile" wokusebenzisa uhleloCha esithombeni esihle salo mfanekiso.

Ukulinganisa kwe-Ising: imodeli "efundwa" yilabhorethri

Ibhloko yokuqala enkulu yomndeni Ukulinganisa kwe-Ising, iModeli Yolimi Lombono (i-VLM) ka 35.000 billion amapharamitha yakhelwe ukuhumusha ngokushesha izilinganiso ezivela ku-processor ye-quantum bese inquma ukuthi izozilungisa kanjani.

Le VLM iqeqeshwe ukwenza Ukuqonda idatha yokuhlola evela ku-QPU (amagrafu, ama-curve, imiphumela yokushelela kwamapharamitha, njll.) bese uyihumusha ibe yizenzo zokulinganisa: iyiphi ingxenye okufanele uyilungise, iyiphi ibanga okufanele ulihlole, iyiphi ipharamitha okufanele uyilungiselele, nokuthi ilandelana kanjani. Into ebalulekile akukhona nje ukunemba, kodwa futhi neqiniso lokuthi ihlangana kalula ne Amanxusa e-AIukuze kwakhiwe ukugeleza kokulinganisa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu njalo.

Ngokusho kwe-NVIDIA, i-Ising Calibration iyaphumelela ukunciphisa izinqubo zokulinganisa ezazithatha izinsuku zomsebenzi wezandla ngaphambili zibe amahora ambalwa njeNgaphezu kwalokho, igcina ikhono lokushintsha njalo njengoba iprosesa iphazamiseka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuguqula umsebenzi owawucishe ube ngowokwenziwa ngesandla ube inqubo yezimboni, ephindaphindwayo, nelinganiswayo.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko eliyisisekelo ukuthi i-AI ayibe isasebenza njengomhlobiso futhi iba yi- "uhlelo lwezinzwa" lwelabhorethri ye-quantumImodeli ibona okwenzekayo, iphakamisa ukulungiswa, futhi iqondise impendulo yehadiwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba ithimba lochwepheshe lihlale lilungisa konke ngesandla.

I-Ising Calibration isivele ithola ukusetshenziswa kwangempela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne- Atom Computing, Academia Sinica, EeroQ, Conductor Quantum, Fermilab, Harvard SEAS, Infleqtion, IonQ, IQM Quantum Computers, the Umbhede Wokuhlola we-Quantum Othuthukisiwe eLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, I-Q-CTRL noma i Ilabhorethri Kazwelonke Yomzimba yase-United KingdomPhakathi kokunye. Lokhu kwamukelwa kwasekuqaleni kukhombisa ukuthi akuyona nje iprototype yelabhorethri, kodwa ithuluzi elinomthelela osheshayo wokusebenza.

I-Ising Decoding: Amanethiwekhi e-3D okunqoba impi yokulwa namaphutha

Esinye isici esiyinhloko yi- Ukususa Ikhodi, igxile mhlawumbe engxenyeni ebaluleke kakhulu yendaba yonke: i ukucacisa ukulungiswa kwamaphutha e-quantum ngesikhathi sangempelaIngcindezi lapha inzima kakhulu: uma ukulungiswa kufika sekwephuzile, uhlelo luyawohloka ngaphambi kokuba lukwazi ukwenza noma yini ewusizo.

I-Ising Decoding iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-3D convolutional neural (ama-CNN e-3D) aklanywe njenge-"pre-decoder". Enye yezinhlobo ilungiselelwe Isivinini esikhulukanti enye ibeka phambili ukunemba okuphezuluLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlola noma isabelomali sokubambezeleka onakho.

Lawa mamodeli asebenza ne amakhodi obuso kanye nomsindo wokususa i-polarizingokuvumela ukuqoshwa kwama-syndromes amaphutha ebangeni elingahleliwe. I-NVIDIA iphinde inikeze uhlaka lokuqeqesha olusekelwe ku- I-PyTorch kanye ne-CUDA-Q ukuze amaqembu akwazi ukuvumelanisa amamodeli nezinye izinhlobo zomsindo kanye nokucushwa okuthile kwamadivayisi awo e-quantum.

Ngokusho kwedatha yenkampani, amamodeli e-Ising Decoding anikeza Ukusebenza okusheshayo okufika ku-2,5 kanye nokunemba okukhulu okufika ku-3 mayelana i-pyMatching, indinganiso yokuvula ikhodi evulekile esetshenziswa kakhulu kuze kube manje. Uma lezi zibalo zisebenza kahle ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, umthelela udlulela ngale kwesihloko: ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nesilinganiso sokunemba okuphezulu Ukubala okuncane kumoshe ukuqonda iphutha kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezinikezelwe ekusebenziseni ama-algorithms awusizo.

I-Ising Decoding isivele isetshenziswa noma ivivinywa yizikhungo ezifana ne- I-Cornell University, i-EdenCode, i-Infleqtion, i-IQM Quantum Computers, i-Quantum Elements, i-Sandia National Laboratories, i-SEEQC, i-UC San Diego, i-UC Santa Barbara, i-University of Chicago, i-University of Southern California futhi i IYunivesithi yaseYonsei, phakathi kokunye, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi kungase kugcine sekuyisithenjwa sangempela sokuvula amaphutha e-quantum.

Umthombo ovulekile, idatha kanye nokulandeleka: ukuzibophezela ohlelweni lwemvelo

Ngaphandle kokusebenza okuluhlaza, esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ze-NVIDIA Ising yi- indlela yokushicilelaLe nkampani ayikhiphi nje kuphela izinsimbi zamamodeli futhi yilokho kuphela; ihambisana nokwethulwa kwawo. Amalayisense avumelekile, amadokhumenti avela emphakathini, izindlela zokuqeqesha, amasethi edatha, namathuluzi ukuze zilungiswe kahle, zilinganiswe, futhi zivumelane nazo.

Le ndlela inokuchazwa okucacile: uma i-quantum computing ifuna ukudlulela ngale kwesigaba sama-laboratory ahlukanisiwe kanye nama-prototypes akhiwe ngokwezifiso, Idinga amazinga avulekile futhi angasetshenziswa kabushaUkulinganisa nokulungisa amaphutha kuze kube manje kube izindlela zokupheka eziyimfihlo zelabhorethri ngayinye, okuyingxenye yenzuzo yazo yokuncintisana. Ukuvula amamodeli aphelele anomlando wawo kuphoqa ngempumelelo izinga elithile lokuma.

Amamodeli nezinsiza zika-Ising ziyatholakala ku- I-GitHub, Ubuso Obugobile, kanye ne-portal ye-build.nvidia.com, ngaphezu kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo NVIDIA NIM microservicesokuvumela lawa mamodeli ukuthi asetshenziswe futhi enziwe ngezifiso njengezinsizakalo ezilungele ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ezikhona. I-NIM yenza kube lula, isibonelo, ukujwayela i-Ising kuhlobo oluthile lwe-QPU noma umsebenzi othile ngaphandle kokuyiqeqesha kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi “ukuvula” lapha akusho ukuzidelaKu-NVIDIA, ukuvula i-Ising kuyindlela yokusheshisa ukwamukelwa, ukunciphisa ukungezwani ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye nasezilabhorethri zikazwelonke, kanye nokuqinisa i-CUDA-Q + NVQLink stack yayo njengendinganiso lapho uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lujikeleza khona. Uma i-Ising isetshenziswa kakhulu, kuzoba nzima ukugwema ingqalasizinda ye-NVIDIA enhliziyweni yezinhlelo ze-quantum zesizukulwane esilandelayo.

Ibhuloho le-QPU-GPU: I-NVQLink kanye nebhizinisi le-latency

I-Ising yakhelwe ukulingana njengegilavu ​​​​ngokwakhiwa kwe-NVIDIA ebilokhu ikukhuthaza ngaphansi komqondo wokuthi "i-supercomputing ye-quantum-GPU". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-CUDA-Q Isebenza njengesendlalelo sesofthiwe esihlela ukubalwa kwe-quantum-classical okuhlanganisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isixhumanisi se-NVQ Ukuxhumana kwehadiwe okuxhumanisa ngqo ama-QPU nama-GPU ukushintshanisa idatha nokulawula izinqumo ngokubambezeleka okuncane.

Isizathu silula: I-quantum computing ewusizo idinga izinqumo zokulungisa amaphutha ezisheshayo kakhuluUma amamodeli okubhala ikhodi nokulinganisa ethatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukucubungula ulwazi oluvela kuma-qubit, izenzo zokulungisa zifika sekwephuzile futhi isimo se-quantum siyawohloka. Kuncishiswa ukubalwa kwe-microsecond ngayinye.

Ngokushintsha i-AI computing esindayo (ukulinganisa, ukucacisa, ukulawula) iye kuma-GPU axhunywe ngqo kuma-QPU, i-NVIDIA ibeka imikhiqizo yayo lapho ibuhlungu khona: endleleni ebalulekile yokubambezelekaLokhu, ngandlela thile, kubonakalisa okwenzeka emlandweni wokubala kwasekuqaleni: igxathu elibalulekile kwakungekona nje ukusungula i-transistor, kodwa nokwakha uhlelo lwe-ecosystem Ukukhiqiza, amathuluzi, isofthiwe, kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha okuthembekile nokuphindaphindekayo.

Ku-quantum mechanics, ukufaniswa kusobala: noma ngubani olawula "i-middleware" esebenzayo - ungqimba oluhumusha umsindo ongokoqobo ube yizinqumo zokulawula nokulungisa - ingabamba inani elingaphezu komuntu ovele abonise iprosesa emangalisayo kakhuluI-Ising iyisici esibalulekile kulowo mdlalo, ngoba iguqula i-AI ibe yinto elingana ne-a uhlelo lokusebenza lwemishini ye-quantum.

Umthelela emakethe nakubachwepheshe be-IT

Isethulo se-NVIDIA Ising sibe nomthelela osheshayo hhayi kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa nakwezezimali. Ngemva nje kwesimemezelo, Izinkampani eziningana zehadiwe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-quantum zabona amanani azo esitoko enyuka kakhulu.I-IonQ ikhuphuke cishe ngo-14%, i-Rigetti Computing 12%, i-D-Wave Quantum 11%, kanye ne-Quantum Computing Inc. ikhuphuke cishe ngo-9%, ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe yi-Investing.com.

Lokhu kusabela kusikisela ukuthi abatshalizimali babona i-Ising njenge isibambo sokufinyeza isikhathi sesikhathi sibe yihadiwe ye-quantum esebenziseka kahle kwezentengiselwanoInkampani yokuhlaziya i-Resonance ilinganisela ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-quantum computing ingadlula $ 11.000 billion ngo-2030Kodwa lokho kukhula kuncike ngqo ekuxazululeni izinselele zobunjiniyela ezifana nokusabalala, ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha okubekezelela amaphutha.

Ezinhlanganweni ze-IT, iminyango yengqalasizinda, amaqembu esayensi yedatha, noma abathuthukisi besofthiwe, i-Ising nayo iyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi imboni iyaphi: ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-AI ekhethekile kakhulu kanye nezizinda zobuchwepheshe ezithile kakhuluNjengoba nje kwenzekile kwezinye izinguquko zedijithali, sizobona izixazululo ze-AI zithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe embonini ngayinye, futhi ukubalwa kwe-quantum ngeke kube yinto ehlukile.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-IQM sezize zachaza ukusebenzisa kwazo i-Ising njengesinyathelo esibheke ku- "Ukulinganiswa kwe-ejenti"Izinhlelo lapho ukulinganisa kwenziwa khona ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-AI agents, kususa ukungenelela okuningi ngesandla futhi kuvumela i-quantum hardware ukuthi isebenze ezindaweni ezifana Izimboni ze-AI ngaphandle kokudinga ithimba lochwepheshe be-quantum elisendaweni. Lokhu kungashintsha ngokuphelele iphrofayili yochwepheshe abadingekayo ukuze basebenze nalobu buchwepheshe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuleka kwemodeli kanye nedatha yayo kuqhubekela phambili ku- ukucaca okukhulu kanye nokuvela kwezilinganiso eziphindaphindwayoEmkhakheni lapho ukumaketha kuvame ukudlula iqiniso lobuchwepheshe, ukuba namathuluzi avulekile okuqhathanisa imiphumela kunganciphisa "ukukhungatheka" futhi kusheshise intuthuko yangempela, kuphoqe abadlali bemakethe ukuthi bafakazele ngedatha lokho abakuthembisayo ezindabeni.

Uma sibheka konke, i-NVIDIA Ising ingaphezu nje kwamamodeli ambalwa e-AI: Kungumzamo wokwenza ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bube uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo lwamakhompyutha e-quantum.Ngokwenza ukulinganisa kube ngokuzenzakalela, ukusheshisa ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, kanye nokunikeza i-open stack eboshelwe ngokuqinile kuma-NVIDIA GPU kanye nesofthiwe, le ndlela ingafinyeza kakhulu indlela eya kwi-quantum computing ewusizo ngempela, futhi iqinise indima ye-AI "njengobuchopho" bale mishini.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Iyini i-NVIDIA CUDA-X futhi iyisheshisa kanjani ikhompyutha ye-AI ne-GPU

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.