Iyini i-DDNS: incazelo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, umehluko nokuphepha

Uma uxhuma ukude nekhaya lakho, uphatha iseva encane, noma umane ufuna igama elizohlale likhomba ikhompuyutha yakho, igama elithi DDNS lizoba nentshisekelo enkulu kuwe. El DNS Dynamic Xhuma isizinda ekhelini lakho le-IP lomphakathi ngisho noma lishintsha.ukugwema ukusesha okujwayelekile kokuthi "ithini i-IP yami manje?" ngaso sonke isikhathi uma u-opharetha wakho ekwabela kabusha ikheli.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele onezibonelo zangempela mayelana nokuthi iyini i-DDNS, ukuthi ihluke kanjani ku-DNS "yendabuko", ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngemuva kwezigcawu, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi ezihlanganisayo. Uzobona amasevisi amahhala adumile, izinyathelo zokusetha, kanye nesigaba semibuzo evame ukubuzwa. ngakho unakho konke eduze futhi ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.

Iyini i-DDNS noma i-DNS Dynamic?

Ngenkathi i-DNS yendabuko ihlobanisa igama lomethuleli nekheli le-IP kuze kube yilapho othile elishintsha, I-DDNS izenzela lolu shintsho futhi ilindele ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-IP.Ngakho, isizinda esihlinzekwe yilezi zinsizakalo sihlala sikhomba indawo okuyiyo, ngisho noma umhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi evuselela uxhumo lwakho futhi akunike ikheli le-IP lomphakathi elihlukile.

Akuyona into eza "ifekthri inikwe amandla" kukhompuyutha yakho. I-DDNS inenkontileka futhi imisiwe, ngokuvamile ku- router noma ngeklayenti elincane esebenza ngemuva, futhi yile “ejenti” eyazisa umhlinzeki we-DDNS ngekheli le-IP lamanje ukuze likwazi ukubuyekeza irekhodi.

Kungani amakheli e-IP eshintsha

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-inthanethi, amakheli ayevame ukuma futhi engashintshiwe. Ngokuqhuma kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe, izinzwa, namasevisi, Amakheli e-IPv4 aba isisetshenziswa esiyivelakancane nesibizayo ukuze sigcinwe ngaso sonke isikhathiNakuba i-IPv6 inwebise isikhala sekheli, imodeli yokwaba eguquguqukayo yaphumelela ngenxa yezindleko nokuvumelana nezimo.

Ukuze ulawule leli qiniso, amanethiwekhi amaningi asebenzisa i-DHCP (I-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). I-DHCP igcina iqoqo lama-IP futhi iwaqashise isikhathi esithile.Uma idivayisi ixhuma, ithatha ikheli elisha, futhi uma inqamuka noma kuphelelwa isikhathi sokuqashisa, ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lizungeza futhi kwenye idivayisi.

Le ndlela isho ukuthi ukuxhumeka okufanayo kwekhaya noma kwehhovisi kungabona ikheli layo le-IP lomphakathi livuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngokungalindelekile. Uma isevisi yakho incike ekhelini elithile le-IP, lokho kuntengantenga kunqamula ukufinyelela, kwephula ukuhlanganiswa, futhi kuphoqelele izinguquko ezenziwa mathupha. kumarekhodi akho e-DNS… ngaphandle uma usebenzisa i-DDNS.

I-DDNS isiza kanjani ekusebenzeni

Onjiniyela nabalawuli bavamise ukufaka amakhodi amaphoyinti okugcina ngamagama (ama-API, ababungazi, imigudu) i-VPN, amadeskithophu akude). Uma irekhodi le-DNS lingabonisi ikheli le-IP langempela, iklayenti ngeke likwazi ukuxazulula. futhi isevisi iyehla kubasebenzisi. I-DDNS igwema lelo phuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka.

Ngeklayenti kumzila wakho noma idivayisi, Umhlinzeki we-DDNS uyaziswa ngalo lonke ushintsho lwe-IP futhi ubuyekeza ilogu ngokuzenzakalelayo.Noma ubani oxhuma ku-"your-domain.ddns.tld" uzofinyelela kukhompuyutha efanele ngaphandle kokuthi udinge ukulandelela ikheli le-IP lomphakathi ngalesi sikhathi.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-DNS ne-DDNS

I-DNS isistimu "ehumusha" amagama (isibonelo, noma yisiphi isizinda) ibe amakheli ezinombolo ukuze isiphequluli sakho noma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwazi lapho okumele luye khona. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, idivayisi yakho isebenzisa amaseva e-DNS yenkampani yakho yenethiwekhi, nakuba ungakwazi ukushintshela kwezinye. okobumfihlo, ukusebenza, noma izintandokazi.

I-DDNS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Kuyisandiso esigxile kusimo esine-IP enamandla.Ngokombono weklayenti le-DNS, womabili axazulula amagama abe ama-IP; umehluko wangempela usekuphindaphindekeni kanye nendlela yokubuyekeza amarekhodi: nge-DNS yakudala yenziwa mathupha futhi ngokwesisekelo secala ngalinye; nge-DDNS ihlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kaningi.

Ngamanye amagama, I-DDNS ithola izinguquko ze-IP futhi ibuyekeze i-DNS "ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu"ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isizinda siyaqhubeka nokukhomba ithimba elifanayo ngisho noma izinombolo zishintsha ngemuva kwezigcawu.

Isebenza kanjani i-DDNS ngobuchwepheshe?

Umbono ulula: “i-ejenti” (kumzila noma kukhompyutha ekunethiwekhi) Yazisa ngezikhathi ezithile isevisi ye-DDNS yekheli le-IP lomphakathi lamanje.Lowo mhlinzeki ubuyekeza amarekhodi e-DNS ahlotshaniswa negama lomethuleli wakho ukuze, lapho sekuxazululiwe, abuyisele ikheli elilungile.

Ngokwenkonzo, Ukuhlola kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, njalo emahoreni angama-24 noma lapho kuthola ushintsho)Lokhu kungenziwa ngomcimbi (uma irutha ivuselela ukuqashisa kwayo) noma ngokufinyelela mathupha nge-API. Umphumela uyefana: irekhodi le-DNS livunyelaniswa nekheli lakho le-IP langempela.

Ezingeni lephrothokholi, kunezindlela ezimbili: izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile ezichazwe ku-RFC 2136 (I-DNS UPDATE), kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlanganisa i-DHCP ne-DNS, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuphathelene okuvamise ukungena nge-HTTP/HTTPS ukushintsha ukubhalisa lapho kudingeka.

Izinhlobo ze-DDNS

Isici esiyinhloko sanoma iyiphi i-DDNS ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo kokubhalisa lapho i-IP ishintsha. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko okufanele kuhlukaniswe:

• I-DDNS esekelwe kumazinga (RFC 2136): Inweba iphrothokholi ye-DNS ukuze ivumele "Izibuyekezo Ezinamandla". Lena indlela evamile lapho i-DDNS isebenza ngokuhlanganyela neseva ye-DHCP kanye neseva ye-DNS egunyaziwe ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
• Umnikazi we-DDNS: Izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisebenzisa i-HTTP/HTTPS ezinemininingwane yomsebenzisi ukuze ziguqule amarekhodi. Inikeza ukuhambisana okubanzi namarutha namakhasimende amancane.

Izinzuzo ze-DDNS

Uma i-DNS namakheli eshintsha ngamanani ahlukene, kuvela ukungahambisani. I-DDNS yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufakwa kwezingxenye futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezicacile emikhakheni eminingi:

• Ukubambisana ne-DHCP: Ngaphandle kwe-DDNS, ukujikeleza kwe-IP kubangela ukuba amarekhodi aphelelwe yisikhathi; nge-DDNS, DHCP kanye ne-DNS kuhlanganiswa.
• Ukutholakala nokufinyelela kude: Uxhuma ngegama, hhayi ngokushintsha i-IP, ukwenza ama-VPN abe lula, i-RDP, amaseva asekhaya, namalebhu.
• Uhlu oluvunyelwe ngamagama: Ukugcina uhlu lwabavunyelwe ngama-IP eselula kubuhlungu; nge-DDNS ungabhekisela kumagama omethuleli abuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Ubungozi bokusebenza obuncane: Izinguquko ze-DNS ezenziwe ngesandla zijwayele ukuba namaphutha; ukuwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo konga isikhathi futhi kuvimbele ukucisha.
• Ukuhambisana kwamafu: Efwini, ama-IP omphakathi angahluka; I-DDNS igcina ukulungiswa okulungile ngaphandle kokugcina amakheli angashintshi.

Ukucatshangelwa kwezingozi nokuphepha

Njenganoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuwusizo, i-DDNS nayo ingasetshenziswa kabi. Abahlaseli bangamisa izizinda nge-DDNS ukuze bahambise ingqalasizinda yabo umyalo nokulawula phakathi kwama-IP kanye nokugwema izinhlu ezivinjelwe ezivimba ngekheli.

Enye i-vector ukukhohliswa kwendlela yokuvuselela. Uma isitha sizuza ukulawula kweklayenti noma izifakazelo ze-DDNS, zingaqondisa kabusha isizinda esisemthethweni. kuseva mbumbulu, evumela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma ukwebiwa kwemininingwane.

Impendulo ilele ekuqiniseni isendlalelo se-DNS. Izixazululo zokuphepha kufanele zithole okufakiwe okunonya futhi zivikele isiteshi/iphrothokholi ye-DNS futhi inothise ngobuhlakani obusongela izizinda ezisolisayo, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisebenzisa i-DDNS.

Abanye abakhiqizi bengeza izilawuli ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuluzi okuzingela okusongela aqondise izizinda ezisolisayo nama-firewall ama-SME asekela i-DDNS ukuqamba isango lawo futhi alenze lifinyeleleke naphezu kwezinguquko ze-IP. Okubalulekile ukuhlanganisa ukubonakala, izinhlu ezithize zesizinda esithile, kanye nokuqinisekisa okuqinile kumshini wokubuyekeza.

Izinsizakalo zamahhala nezidumile ze-DynDNS

Kunezinketho zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo. Ezamahhala zanele ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwasekhaya noma elabhorethriIzinketho ezikhokhelwayo zifaka okungeziwe, usekelo, nezizinda ngokwezifiso. Nazi ezidume kakhulu nezici zazo ezizihlukanisayo ngokuya ngemibhalo yazo:

I-non-IP

I-classic enikeza uhlelo lwamahhala olulinganiselwe namaleveli akhokhelwayo anezici ezengeziwe. Kunketho yamahhala ungakha igama lomethuleli elilodwa ku-IP yakho eguqukayo, eneklayenti lokubuyekeza Windows, macOS kanye Linux.

• Abasingathi abakhulu: 1 kuhlelo lwamahhala.
• Bheka: Kufanele uqinisekise igama lomethuleli njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-30 noma lizosuswa.
• I-SSL / TLS: akufakiwe ohlelweni lwamahhala.
• Iklayenti/API: iklayenti etholakalayo kumasistimu amakhulu.
• Intengo yokukhokha yokuqala: kusuka ku-$1,99/ngenyanga (I-Enhanced Dynamic DNS) enegama lomethuleli elingu-1 nesitifiketi se-DV SSL.

I-DNS yedada

Igxile ekubeni lula nobumfihlo, Imahhala ngokuphelele futhi isebenza nge-HTTPS ngokupheleleIvumela ukufakazela ubuqiniso ngama-akhawunti ezinkampani zangaphandle (isb., GitHub) futhi inikeza ama-API wezibuyekezo zangokwezifiso.

• Abasingathi abakhulu: akucacisiwe; isekela izizinda eziningi.
• Bheka: Akudingi ukuqinisekiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
• I-SSL / TLS: Yebo, isiteshi se-HTTPS esinesitifiketi se-256-bit.
• Iklayenti/API: I-API iyatholakala; imihlahlandlela yamapulatifomu amaningi.
• Inani: 100% mahhala; iminikelo yamukelwe.

Phuma ku-DNS

Isevisi yamakhasimende yeWindows, Linux, ne-macOS. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlobanise ikheli lakho le-IP nezizinda zamahhala futhi imemezela ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwezitifiketi ze-SSL zezinsuku ezingama-90.

• Abasingathi abakhulu: akucacisiwe.
• Bheka: akucacisiwe.
• I-SSL / TLS: Izitifiketi zamahhala zisebenza izinsuku ezingama-90.
• Iklayenti/API: amakhasimende amasistimu angu-3 amakhulu.
• Inani: akucaciswanga isendlalelo sokukhokha.

UDynu

Kuhlanganisa kokubili izinketho zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo. Kunguqulo yamahhala ungasebenzisa isizinda esingaphansi kwe-dynu.com noma isizinda sakhoIklayenti libuyekeza ngemuva ngaphandle kwamadethi okuphelelwa yisikhathi "okumangazayo".

• Abasingathi abakhulu: akucacisiwe.
• Bheka: akuboniswa njengezikhathi ezithile.
• I-SSL / TLS: akucacisiwe.
• Iklayenti/API: amaklayenti ezinkundla ezihlukahlukene.
• Inani: engacacisiwe ngohlelo lokukhokha lokungenela.

I-DNS-O-Matic

Akuyona isevisi ye-DDNS ngokwayo, kodwa a i-aggregator evumelanisa ama-akhawunti amaningi e-DDNS ngesikhathi esisodwaLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu uma usebenzisa abahlinzeki abangaphezu koyedwa futhi ungafuni ukubuyekeza ngamunye ngokuzimela.

• Abasingathi abakhulu: akucacisiwe.
• Bheka: akucacisiwe.
• I-SSL / TLS: akucacisiwe.
• Iklayenti/API: akucacisiwe.
• Inani: akucacisiwe.

Shintsha IP

Ngezinketho zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo, igqama ngokusebenza kwayo kanye nenani elithengekayo ezinhlelweni ezikhokhelwayo. Isetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi afunayo futhi iqhosha ngesivinini, ukuphepha kanye nokuzinza..

• Ukuqondisa kabusha: Inguqulo ekhokhelwayo inikeza angenamkhawulo; inguqulo yamahhala ikukhawulela ku-CNAME (hhayi i-URL).
• Ukuqapha: Uhlelo lwe-premium lungeza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwethrafikhi, isizinda, ne-SSL.
• Imininingwane engaphezulu: amanye amapharamitha nemikhawulo engacacisiwe emthonjeni okuxoxiwe kuwo.

Ukusetha isevisi ye-DDNS: izinyathelo ezijwayelekile

Umhlinzeki ngamunye une-interface yakhe, kodwa ukugeleza kufana kakhulu. Ukulandela lolu hlaka kuzokwenza kube lula kuwe kunoma iyiphi ingxenyekazi. iyahambisana:

• Finyelela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yesevisi oyikhethile ye-DDNS.
• Dala i-akhawunti ngolwazi oluyisisekelo abalucelayo (igama, i-imeyili, igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi).
• Qinisekisa ukubhaliswa kwakho usebenzisa i-imeyili ozoyithola. yenza kusebenze i-akhawunti.
• Ngena ngemvume futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iphaneli iyalibona ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi lamanje.
• Thola inketho yoku dala igama lomethuleli elisha (isibonelo, “Dala ikheli elisha le-DynDNS”).
• Khetha igama lomethuleli futhi, uma likhona, the ichweba lokushicilelwa (ngokuzenzakalelayo kuvamise ukuthi kube ngu-80 ku-HTTP).
• Londoloza ukucushwa futhi uqaphele umphumela we-URL/igama lomethuleli.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuzokwenzeka kuphi. Okufanelekile, kufanele usebenzise irutha yakho uma umhlinzeki wakho we-DDNS eyisekela.Uma kungenjalo, faka iklayenti elisemthethweni ku-PC ehlala ivuliwe. Lungiselela igama lomsebenzisi lesevisi kanye nethokheni/iphasiwedi ukuze iqale ukwazisa izinguquko ze-IP.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile

Nakuba ukuthunyelwa kulula, izithiyo zingase ziphakame. Lawa ngamaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nendlela yokubhekana nawo ngaphandle kokuhlanya:

• I-NAT ephindwe kabili (amarutha amabili e-cascade): Uma i-ISP yakho ifaka umzila owodwa bese usebenzisa ehlukile, ikheli le-IP lomphakathi lingase lingabi eledivayisi yakho. Faka irutha ye-ISP kumodi "yebhuloho" noma "imodemu", noma lungiselela i-DMZ/isango lerutha yakho.
• Izimbobo ezivinjwe i-ISP: Abanye abahlinzeki bahlunga amachweba 80/443 noma abanye. Khangisa isevisi kwezinye izimbobo ezifana ne-8080 noma 8443 futhi uzidlulisele kumzila wakho. Buka izimbobo ezivulekile.
• Iklayenti lokubuyekeza alixhumi: Hlola i-firewall ye-PC/rutha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ayivimbi ithrafikhi ephumayo ezizindeni zomhlinzeki we-DDNS. Futhi hlola iziqinisekiso noma uphawu kanye nemvamisa yokubuyekeza.
• Iphutha 911 ku-No-IP: Lokhu kubonisa izibuyekezo eziningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Yehlisa isikhawu sokuhlola noma uyinike amandla. Buyekeza kuphela lapho uthola ushintsho lwangempela lwe-IP.

I-DDNS ilingana kahle lapho ama-IPs engamile: Izenzela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukumataniswa kwamagama namakheli, yenza kube lula ukufinyelela kude, futhi inciphisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.Qaphela ubungozi (ukuhlukunyezwa abahlaseli kanye nokudunwa kwendlela yokuvuselela), sebenzisa izinqubo ezinhle zenethiwekhi futhi uthembele kumhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa; ngalokho, uzoba negama elizinzile elihlala likuyisa ekhaya, likuyise ehhovisi lakho noma kusevisi yakho yamafu ngaphandle kwedrama.