Indlela yokuthola nokushintsha i-UUID yedrayivu ku-Linux

Uma izinkinga ezingajwayelekile ziqala ukuvela ku-Linux, njengezinkinga zokuqalisa, izikhathi zokulinda ezingapheli, noma amadiski ayefakwe ngaphambilini ngaphandle kwezinkinga manje ezingasabonakali, imbangela ivame ukuba yinye: a I-UUID ishintshiwe noma ayilungiselelwanga kahleUkwazi ukuthola, ukuqonda, nokushintsha lezi zihlonzi cishe kuyindlela yokudlula kunoma ubani ophethe uhlelo lwe-GNU/Linux olunamadiski amaningi noma ama-partition.

Kulesi sihloko sizosibheka ngokuningiliziwe Indlela yokuhlola i-UUID yama-drive akho, indlela yokuyishintsha ngokuphephile Futhi ukuthi yimaphi amafayela esistimu okufanele uwahlole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuyaqhubeka nokuqalisa kahle. Uzobona. imiyalo njengoba blkid, ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid, uuidgen, tune2fsukuthi zihlobene kanjani /etc/fstabKwenzekani nge-swap partition nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele uma ukopisha uhlelo oluphelele ngamathuluzi afana ne-Clonezilla.

Iyini i-UUID futhi kungani isetshenziswa ku-Linux?

Leli gama I-UUID (Isazisi Esiyingqayizivele Somhlaba Wonke) Ibhekisela kusihlonzi se-128-bit (16-byte) esiyingqayizivele emhlabeni wonke. Ngefomethi yaso evame kakhulu, iboniswa njengochungechunge lwe- Izinombolo ezingama-hexadecimal ezingama-32 ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amahlanu ahlukaniswe ngama-hyphen, elandela iphethini 8-4-4-4-12, okunikeza ingqikithi yezinhlamvu ezingu-36 kufaka phakathi ama-hyphen. Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba into efana nale: 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000.

Kuzinhlelo ze-GNU/Linux, lesi sihlonzi sihlotshaniswa ne- idivayisi ye isitoreji noma ukwahlukanisa (ext4, XFS, swap partitions, njll.) futhi isebenza ukubhekisela kuzo ngaphandle kwegama ledivayisi yakudala (/dev/sda1, /dev/nvme0n1p2njll.), okungashintsha uma uxhuma noma unqamula amadiski. Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lungakwazi faka njalo izingxenye ezifanayo yize ukulandelana kwamadiski okutholakala kungahluka.

Akuzona zonke izingxenye ezinefomethi ye-UUID efanayo: isibonelo, ezingxenyeni ezinefomethi I-NTFS Kuvamile ukuthola Izinombolo ezingama-hexadecimal ezingama-16 ngaphandle kwama-hyphen (ama-bits angu-64), ngenkathi kusezihlukanisweni FAT32 isihlonzi singaba nayo Izinombolo ezingama-hexadecimal ezingama-8Noma kunjalo, ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo ku-Linux zisaphathwa njengezihlonzi ezihlukile zevolumu ngayinye.

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa la makhodi ifayela /etc/fstab, lapho zichazwa khona izindawo zokufaka kanye nezinketho zokufaka kwengxenye ngayinye. Lapho uzobona ikholomu enezinhlobo zohlobo UUID=xxxx-xxxx... esikhundleni /dev/sdXukuze uthole ukuzinza nokugwema ukumangala lapho ushintsha hardware.

Izindlela zokubuka i-UUID yamadiski akho ku-Linux

Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, kuyalulekwa ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye onazo kanye nama-UUID ahlobene nazo. I-Linux inikeza amathuluzi amaningana, njenge ahlukaniswe, ngenxa hlola ama-UUID awo wonke amadiski kuxhunywe, kokubili ngomugqa womyalo kanye nangezisetshenziswa zezithombe.

Buza i-UUID ngomyalo we-blkid

Enye yezindlela eziqondile kakhulu zokubuka izihlonzi ukusebenzisa blkidLo myalo udinga amalungelo omlawuli, ngakho kuzodingeka uwusebenzise sudo noma njengomsebenzisi izimpandeUma uyiqalisa ngaphandle kwemingcele, ukufaka kuhlu Ungasebenzisa wonke amadivayisi atholakele:

sudo blkid

La Phuma Ngokuvamile kubonisa imigqa efana nale:

/dev/sda1: UUID="8aa6c0d2-c18e-4606-b1da-f5f1f7617f00" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="..."

Umugqa ngamunye uhlobanisa i- idivayisi /dev neyakhe I-UUID, uhlobo lwesistimu yamafayela (ext4, xfs, vfatnjll.) kanye neminye imethadatha efana ne- I-PARTUUIDUma unesifiso sokuhlunga ngedivayisi ethile kuphela, ungayicacisa njengepharamitha:

sudo blkid /dev/sda1

Uma ufuna ukuthola i-UUID yesihlukaniso osithandayo ngaphandle kokuhlola yonke imigqa, ungasebenzisa... i-grepIsibonelo, ukubona isihlonzi se- /dev/sdd4:

sudo blkid | grep sdd4

Lokhu okufanayo I-UUID Yileyo ozoyibona kamuva kuyo /etc/fstab uma leyo ngxenye ilungiselelwe ukukhwezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku- ibhuthiniNgakho-ke kubalulekile ukucacisa kakhulu ngalokhu. yimuphi umugqa ohambisana nendawo ngayinye yokuhlangana.

Sebenzisa isiqondisi se-/dev/disk/by-uuid ukuze ubuke izixhumanisi

Enye indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokubona ukuthi i-UUID ngayinye inayiphi ingxenye iwukubala okuqukethwe kwesikhombisi. /dev/disk/by-uuid/Kulolo hlu lwemibhalo, uhlelo ludala izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso lapho igama ngalinye lefayela liyi-UUID yedivayisi, futhi isixhumanisi sikhomba kudivayisi yangempela ku /dev/.

Ukubona uhlu lonke mane nje usebenzise:

sudo ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/

Indlela yokuphuma izokukhombisa Okuthile okufana:

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ... 8aa6c0d2-c18e-4606-b1da-f5f1f7617f00 -> ../../sda1

Ngale ndlela ungabona ngokushesha ukuthi yini I-UUID ihambelana nedivayisi ngayinye ye-/dev futhi ubhekisele kulolo lwazi nalokho okubonakala ku- /etc/fstab noma ngalokho okuboniswa ngamanye amathuluzi, njengokuthi lsblk o gpartedKuwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ulungisa izinkinga zokuhlanganisa noma ulungisa amaphutha kumafayela okucushwa.

Buka ama-UUID kanye namaphoyinti okukhweza nge-lsblk

Umyalo lsblk Iyithuluzi elilula kakhulu lokubuka, ngesimo somuthi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamadiski, izingxenye, amavolumu anengqondo kanye nawo khweza amaphuzuNakuba inhloso yayo eyinhloko kungekona ukubonisa ama-UUID, ungayihlanganisa nezinye izinketho ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wesistimu yokugcina.

Ukuncenga okuvamile kungaba:

lsblk -o NAME,MOUNTPOINT,TYPE

Kwikholamu MOUNTPOINT Uzobona imizila efana /, /home, /boot, /mnt/datosnjll. Ukusuka lapho ungathola ulwazi iyiphi idivayisi ofuna ukuyihlola bese usebenzisa blkid noma ubuyekeze /dev/disk/by-uuid ukuze ubone isihlonzi sayo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho uhlelo lufaka amadrayivu ezindleleni ezingezinhle (isibonelo, amanye amadivayisi e-NAS noma amathuluzi afana ne-OpenMediaVault afaka ku /srv/ ngamagama amade afana nalawa dev-disk-by-uuid-XXXX).

Buza i-UUID nge-/etc/fstab

Enye indlela yokubona ngokushesha ukuthi yimaphi ama-UUID asetshenziswa ohlelweni lwakho ukuhlola ifayela /etc/fstab, okuchazayo yiziphi izingxenye ezifakiwe nokuthi kuphi ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Ungayihlola nge:

cat /etc/fstab

Kuyo uzothola imigqa efana nale:

UUID=8aa6c0d2-c18e-4606-b1da-f5f1f7617f00 /backups xfs rw,noquota,nofail 0 1

Ikholomu yokuqala isebenzisa I-UUID njengesihlonzi sokuhlukanisa, kulandelwe yi- indawo yokuphakama, the uhlobo lwesistimu yefayela (kulesi sibonelo, xfs) kanye ne- Opciones de montaje (rw,noquota,nofailnjll.). Isheke /etc/fstab Kungumkhuba omuhle ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushintsha amadiski, ukuhlukanisa kabusha, noma ukufaka kabusha izinhlelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-UUID asafana nawangempela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulula:

cat /etc/fstab | grep UUID

kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole Thola ngokushesha konke okufakiwe okuhlonzwe yi-UUID, okuwusizo kakhulu uma usola ukuthi isihlonzi sesiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi sibangela izinkinga zokuqalisa.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ze-UUID: izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo kanye nokushintshana okwabiwe

Esinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-UUID engalungiselelwe kahle ukuthi Uhlelo luyalenga ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile cishe umzuzu nesigamu, ibonisa imiyalezo ebonisa ukuthi ayikwazi ukuthola i-partition ethile. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi sokulinda, inqubo yokuqalisa iyaqhubeka, kodwa i-partition eyinkinga ayifakwa.

Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma /etc/fstab Kukhona okufakiwe okune- I-UUID engasekhoMhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ushintshe idiski, wafometha i-partition, noma wafaka kabusha enye i-disk kudiski efanayo, okudale isihlonzi esisha. Uhlelo luzama ukufaka leyo partition nge-UUID okungekho muntu onayo bese lulinda kuze kube yilapho iphelelwa yisikhathi. el tiempo.

Icala elivamile livela uma une- uhlelo olukabili (isibonelo, Ubuntu kanye neDebian) babelana ngesigaba esifanayo ukushintshana kwe-linuxCabanga ngediski enezingxenye ezintathu: sdc1 njengokushintshana, kanye sdc2 y sdc3 njengezingxenye zezimpande ku-ext4 ye-Ubuntu ne-Debian, ngokulandelana. Uma uqala ukufaka i-Ubuntu ku- sdc3 bese kuba yi-Debian sdc2Kuvamile ukuthi isifaki seDebian hlela kabusha i-swap bese ushintsha i-UUID yayo.

Umphumela uba ukuthi uhlelo lokuqala olufakiwe (Ubuntu, kulesi sibonelo) lune- /etc/fstab un I-UUID endala yokushintshanisaUma iqala ukusebenza, ifuna leyo ngxenye enesihlonzi esingasekho, ilinde isikhathi esiphezulu, icabange ukuthi ilahlekile, bese iqhubeka nokuqalisa ngaphandle kokufaka i-switch. Akusikho ukuphela komhlaba, kodwa kungumthombo wokuhamba kancane nokusetshenziswa kwe-RAM okungadingekile.

Ukuze uhlole amacala anjengalawa, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi okuqopha anjenge I-GPartedUma ungenayo efakiwe, ekusakazweni okusekelwe ku-Debian ungakwenza nge:

sudo apt install gparted

Uma usuqalise i-GPart, khetha idiski bese uchofoza kwesokudla ku-swap partition ukuze ukhethe inketho yokuyivula. ulwaziLapho uzobona ulwazi olufana negama ledivayisi (sdc1), uhlobo ( )linux-swap) kanye i-UUID yamanjeLeso yisikhombi okumele sivele naku- /etc/fstab yesistimu ngayinye esebenzisa lokho kushintshana.

Isixazululo sihilela ukuhlela /etc/fstab yesistimu ene-UUID esiphelelwe yisikhathi (isibonelo, Ubuntu) kanye shintsha i-UUID endala ngentsha okubonile ku-GPart noma nge blkidUngakwenza ngomhleli wakho owuthandayo, isibonelo:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Ngemva kokulondoloza izinguquko, ekuqaliseni okulandelayo uhlelo luzothola ukwahlukanisa okulungile kokushintshana futhi inqubo yokuqalisa izophinde ibe bushelelezi. Le nqubo efanayo iyasebenza ku- noma yikuphi okunye ukwahlukanisa i-UUID yayo eshintshile ngenxa yokufaka kabusha, ukufometha, noma ukwenziwa kabi kwe-cloning.

Khiqiza futhi ushintshe ama-UUID ku-Linux

Kufika isikhathi lapho ukufunda ama-UUID kunganele: udinga dala izihlonzi ezintsha noma ushintshe ezikhonaLokhu kungadingeka lapho uhlanganisa amadiski, lapho ufuna ukugwema ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlelo, noma ngezinjongo zenhlangano. I-Linux inikeza amathuluzi amaningana ale misebenzi, amanye ajwayelekile (uuidgen) kanye nezinye eziqondene nezinhlelo ezithile zamafayela (tune2fs okwe-ext2/3/4).

Dala ama-UUID amasha nge-uuidgen

Okusetshenziswayo uuidgen Inesibopho sokudala nokubonisa ama-UUID amasha, isebenzisa umtapo wolwazi i-libuuidIzihlonzi ezikhiqizwe, empeleni, zihlukile kokubili ohlelweni lwendawo nakunoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo, oludlule, lwamanje noma oluzayo, njengoba zilandela izindinganiso ezenzelwe ukugwema ukungqubuzana ngendlela engenakwenzeka ngokwezibalo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zesizukulwane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yiyo uuidgen: ama-UUID asekelwe esikhathini y ama-UUID angahleliweAbokuqala basebenzisa iwashi lesistimu kanye nekheli I-MAC yekhadi lenethiwekhi (uma likhona), kanti elokugcina lithembele ku- i-generator yezinombolo ezingahleliwe ikhwalithi ephezulu, ngokuvamile /dev/random o /dev/urandom.

Kwezinye izabelo, njengokuthi I-Debian 9 Ukunciphisa, ithuluzi uuidgen Ayifakwanga ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kunjalo, ungayifaka ngokufaka iphakheji. isikhathi sokusebenza se-uuid:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install uuid-runtime

Uma isifakiwe, i-syntax yayo ejwayelekile ilula kakhulu:

uuidgen

Izinketho ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• -r, –okungahleliwe: ikhiqiza i-UUID ngokusekelwe ku- okungahleliwekusetshenziswa i-generator yezinombolo ezingahleliwe yesistimu.
• -t, –isikhathi: ikhiqiza i-UUID ngokusekelwe ku- isikhathi kanye nekheli le-MAC komshini.
• -h, -elp: ibonisa usizo kanye nokuphuma.
• -V, -inguqulo: ibonisa inguqulo kanye nokuphuma.

Uma ugijima uuidgen Ngaphandle kwamapharamitha, uzothola i-UUID entsha ngqo ku- Isikhumulo ongayikopisha futhi uyisebenzise noma kuphi lapho uyidinga khona, isibonelo kuma-script noma amafayela okucushwa ngokwezifiso.

Shintsha i-UUID ye-ext2/3/4 partition nge-tune2fs

Uma okufunayo ukuthi ingxenye ekhona ibe ne- i-UUID entshaKuzinhlelo zamafayela ze-ext2, ext3, noma ze-ext4, ithuluzi lokubhekisela liyi amashuLo myalo ukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amapharamitha angaphakathi esistimu yefayela, kufaka phakathi isihlonzi salo.

Ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, kubalulekile yehlisa ukwahlukanisa ukugwema ukonakala kwedatha. Ake sithi ufuna ukushintsha i-UUID ye /dev/sdd4Ukugeleza okuyisisekelo kungaba:

sudo umount /dev/sdd4

Uma usuhlakaziwe, ungabuza tune2fs okukhiqiza i-UUID entsha engahleliwe ngqo:

sudo tune2fs /dev/sdd4 -U random

Uma ukhetha ukulawula isihlonzi esithile wena ngokwakho (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa esikhiqizwe ngaphambilini nge uuidgen), ungadlulisa futhi inani ngokusobala:

sudo tune2fs /dev/sdd4 -U 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000

Ngemva kokushintsha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola umphumela nge blkid noma ukubuyekeza /dev/disk/by-uuid Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlonzi sibuyekeziwe:

sudo blkid /dev/sdd4

Khumbula ukuthi uma lokho kuhlukaniswa kuvela ku /etc/fstab noma amanye amafayela okucushwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi Buyekeza i-UUID entsha ngesandla ukuvimbela uhlelo ukuthi luqhubeke nokusesha isihlonzi esidala lapho luqala.

Hlela i-/etc/fstab ukuze usebenzise ama-UUID kuma-mounts

Indlela enconyiwe yokuchaza ama-persistent mounts ku-Linux ukusebenzisa I-UUID ku-/etc/fstabI-syntax ejwayelekile yokufaka okusekelwe ku-UUID ifana nalokhu:

UUID={TU-UUID} /ruta/de/montaje tipo_fs opciones 0 1

Isibonelo, kwidiski ye-XFS eyenzelwe ama-backups, ungaba nomugqa onjengalona:

UUID=8aa6c0d2-c18e-4606-b1da-f5f1f7617f00 /backups xfs rw,noquota,nofail 0 1

Kulesi sibonelo, inketho i-nofail Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lungalubheki njengento ebalulekile uma idiski ingekho ekuqaleni, okuwusizo kakhulu kuma-drive angaphandle noma ama-backup disk angaxhunywanga njalo. Ezinye izinketho zifaka phakathi i-noquota o amaphutha=ukufaka kabusha-ro Ziya ngohlobo lwesistimu yamafayela kanye nendlela ozoyisebenzisa ngayo.

Uma usushintshile /etc/fstab Ukuze wengeze noma ubuyekeze noma yikuphi okufakiwe, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukucushwa ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha, usebenzisa:

sudo mount -a

Uma kungekho maphutha, uzokwazi ukubona umphumela nge:

df -h | grep backups

noma okufanayo, okufaka esikhundleni backups ngephuzu lokukhweza elihambisana necala lakho. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, hlola ukuthi i-UUID ilungile nokuthi uhlelo lwefayela olukhonjisiwe lufana nolwangempela.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu kanye nezingxabano ze-UUID

Esinye isimo esiphakamisa imibuzo eminingi ukwenziwa kwama-cloning kwezinhlelo zonke, isibonelo ngamathuluzi anjenge- UClonezillaUma uhlanganisa idiski eyodwa kwenye, idatha iyakopishwa njengezingxenye, izinhlelo zabo zamafayela kanye nama-UUID aboLokhu kusho ukuthi okwesikhashana uzoba namadiski amabili ahlukene anama-partitions abelana nge-identifier efanayo.

Lokhu kugqagqana kungase kungabi yinkinga uma uqala kusuka ku-clone noma kweyokuqala ngokushintshana, kodwa uma uxhuma kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa emshinini ofanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzovela amaphutha. Izingxabano ze-UUIDUhlelo ngeke lukwazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ehambisana nesikhombi ngasinye, futhi ungase ubhekane namaphutha okufaka, izikhathi zokuqalisa ezididayo, noma ngisho nokuba nezingxenye ezivela ku-clone ezifakwe lapho ubulindele khona ezivela kudiski yokuqala.

Ukuze kugwenywe lezi zingxabano, kuyinto evamile ukuqhubeka shintsha ama-UUID ezihlukaniso ze-clone Ngemva kokwenza i-cloning, qiniseka ukuthi idiski ngayinye ihlukaniswe ngokucacile. Kuma-partition e-ext4, ungathembela, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, ku- uuidgen ukukhiqiza izihlonzi ezintsha kanye tune2fs ukuzisebenzisa.

Uma uhlelo lwakho lunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kancane, isibonelo impande ku ext4 > LVM > LUKS (dm-crypt), kufanele wazi ukuthi kungase kube khona I-UUID emazingeni ahlukahlukeneLokhu kufaka phakathi: amafayela esistimu yamafayela, amafayela evolumu ebonakalayo ye-LVM, amafayela evolumu enengqondo, amafayela esiqukathi se-LUKS, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafayela afana nalawa /etc/crypttab Bangabhekisela kulezo zihlonzi.

Esimweni esivamile sokubethela, uhlelo lungase lubukeke kanje:

nvme0n1 (disco físico)
├─nvme0n1p1 /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 /boot
└─nvme0n1p3 (partición cifrada LUKS)
└─nvme0n1p3_crypt
├─sys--vg-root /
└─sys--vg-swap_1

Uma ushintsha ama-UUID nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kulolu chungechunge, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ubuyekeza zonke izindawo lapho kubhekiselwa khona kuzo: /etc/fstab ukuthola amaphuzu okufaka, /etc/crypttab yamavolumu abethelwe futhi, kwezinye izimo, amapharamitha okuqalisa asetshenziswa yi-GRUB ukuthola impande.

Ngokuphathelene ne-GRUB, ezimisweni eziningi zesimanje yona ngokwayo ukufakwa kwemenyu kusebenzisa i-UUID Ukuthola ukuthi i-root partition ikuphi. Okusho ukuthi, into efana nalena ivela emgqeni we-kernel: root=UUID=...Uma uphinda ukhiqize ifayela grub.cfg egijima update-grub (noma umyalo olinganayo ekusakazweni kwakho), uhlelo luphinda lufunde amadiski futhi lubuyekeze lawo ma-identifier. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokushintsha ama-UUID ku-clone ebhuthwayo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uqale kuleyo clone bese wenza ukuvuselelwa kokucushwa kwe-GRUB ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuyahambisana.

Empeleni, ukuhamba komsebenzi okunengqondo lapho kuhlanganiswa uhlelo oluphelele futhi ufuna ukulusebenzisa ngokuhambisana nolwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuba:

• Qalisa kusuka ku-clone (ukugwema ukudideka ngamagama edivayisi).
• Shintsha ama-UUID ezingxenyeni ofuna ukuzihlukanisa (nge tune2fs noma amathuluzi ahambisana nohlelo ngalunye lwefayela).
• Ukubuyekeza / njll / fstab futhi, uma kufanele, /njll/crypttab ngezihlonzi ezintsha.
• Vuselela ukucushwa kwe-GRUB (isibonelo nge sudo update-grub ku-Debian/Ubuntu).

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunzima kancane, le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-clone izoba i-bootable ngokugcwele futhi izimele kweyokuqala, nokuthi zombili zingahlala ndawonye emshinini ofanayo ngaphandle kokunyathelana.

Ukwazi ukuphatha i-UUID ku-Linux kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, uxazulule izinkinga ngama-partition ashintshiwe, futhi ulungiselele ama-mount aqinile kakhulu. /etc/fstabUkwabelana ngesikhala sokushintshana phakathi kokusabalalisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zonke ngenkathi kugcinwa konke ngaphansi kokulawula. Ekugcineni, kumane kuyindaba yokuhlonza kahle ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye engaphansi kwayiphi, nokuhlola ikhodi yabo ngamathuluzi anjenge blkid o ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuidfuthi kwenze umkhuba ukubuyekeza nokubuyekeza amafayela okusetha okhiye noma nini lapho wenza izinguquko ezibalulekile kumadiski akho.