Indlela yokususa i-malware eqhubekayo ngamathuluzi okusindisa angaphandle

Uma igciwane, iTrojan, noma i-worm igxila kakhulu kukhompyutha yakho, akuseyona "i-bug" evamile okulula ukuyisusa ngokuskena okusheshayo. Ezinye izinsongo ziyagcwala... ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho ibhuthini Uhlelo lokusebenzaZikhubaza isofthiwe ye-antivirus, zivimbele izibuyekezo, futhi zifihle emikhakheni yokuqalisa, inkumbulo, noma izinqubo ezibalulekile. Kulezi zimo, ungashintsha indlela obhekana ngayo nenkinga noma i-malware izohlala ikhona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus inhle kangakanani. ukuhlaziywa okuvela ku-Windows.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi namuhla sineqoqo elikhulu lezixazululo: kusukela amadiski okusindisa aqalwayo kanye namadrayivu e-USB Lokhu kusuka kumathuluzi asebenza ngaphandle kwe-Windows kuya kumathuluzi aphathekayo, ama-scanner athuthukile, izindlela zokuqalisa eziphephile, izinsiza ze-Microsoft, kanye nama-suites ezinkampani zangaphandle. Konke lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nemikhuba emihle yokuphepha kanye nokuqonda okuvamile, kukuvumela ukuthi ususe ngisho ne-malware ehlala isikhathi eside futhi uqinise ukuvikelwa kwakho ukuze ingaphinde idlule kalula.

Kungani izinhlelo ezithile ze-malware kunzima kangaka ukuzisusa?

Abadali be-malware banenzuzo: bayathuthuka ukuhlaselwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ezisebenzisa ukungazinaki kwabasebenzisi kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha obungalungiswanga. Amaningi ala makhodi anonya ayasebenza ngaphambi kohlelo lokusebenza kanye ne-antivirus ehlala khonaZifakwa emkhakheni wokuqalisa, zilawule irejista, zidale izinsizakalo ezifihliwe, noma zizifihle njengezinqubo ezisemthethweni.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe une-antivirus ebuyekeziwe, kusengaba khona izifo ezibangelwa yi- Azitholakali noma azikwazi ukususwa ngokushesha. Ngoba i-malware ngokwayo ivikela, ivuselela, noma ivimbele ikhambi lokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile—amaphutha angahleliwe, amafayela anyamalalayo, izinguquko zephasiwedi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizenzakalelayo eziguquliwe, noma uhlelo olubonakala “lunobuthi”—sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa izixazululo zokutakula ezinolaka kakhulu.

I-antivirus yokusindisa: iyini nokuthi kungani yenza umehluko

Ngaphakathi kwezwe lokuphepha, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-antivirus noma amadiski okusindisaLezi izinhlelo eziklanyelwe ukuqala kusuka kudrayivu yangaphandle (i-CD, i-DVD, noma ikakhulukazi i-USB flash drive) enemvelo yazo, ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe ekusakazweni kwe-GNU/Linux, okusebenzayo. uzimele ngokuphelele kwi-Windows noma kwi-macOS yakho.

Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi baqala ngaphambi kohlelo oluthelelekileNgakho-ke, i-malware elayisha ekuqaleni ayikwazi ngisho nokusebenza, futhi ithuluzi lokutakula lingahlaziya idiski "elibandayo," ngokufinyelela okuqondile ohlelweni lwefayela. umkhakha we-boot Zonke izingxenye manje azinazo iziphazamiso ezinkambisweni ezinonya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-disc okusindisa Akudingeki ukuthi zifakwe unomphelaUzisebenzisa uma uzidinga, kanti isikhathi esisele azisebenzisi izinsiza noma zibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni. Kubasebenzisi abaningi, ukuba nenye yalezi zidrayivu ze-USB eduze kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuba ne-screwdriver ekhaya.

Indlela yokudala nokusebenzisa i-bootable rescue medium

Izinhlelo eziningi ze-ransomware zisatshalaliswa njenge Izithombe ze-ISO noma ze-IMG “ezibukhoma” ilungele ukuqala kusuka kumadrayivu angaphandle. Inqubo evamile iyafana kuzo zonke izimo:

• Landa isithombe se-ISO kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomhlinzeki.
• Usebenzisa ithuluzi elifana I-Rufus, i-UNetbootin, i-Etcher noma enye indlela efanayo "yokushisa" leyo ISO ku-USB flash drive noma kwi-CD/DVD.
• Ulungisa i-BIOS/UEFI ye-PC ukuze Qala kuqala kusuka ku-USB noma i-optical drive kunokuba kusuka kudiski yangaphakathi.
• Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho usebenzisa imidiya efakiwe bese ulandela i-wizard yethuluzi lokutakula.

Uma indawo yokutakula isilayishiwe, uzobona izixhumi ezahlukene: ezinye kumodi yombhalo emfushane kakhuluEzinye izithombe zisebenzisa amafasitela nezinkinobho. Kodwa cishe zonke ziyakuvumela buyekeza isizindalwazi sesiginesha, yenza ukuskena kwediski ephelele, ukuskena kwesigaba sokuqalisa kanye namadrayivu angaphandlehlukanisa noma susa amafayela athelelekile bese udala imibiko.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ukuba ukufinyelela ngqo kumadiski ngaphandle kokuthi iWindows isebenzeLawa mathuluzi angasusa izinsongo eziqhubekayo (ama-rootkit, ama-bootkit, ama-trojan avuselela kabusha, njll.) afake izinhlelo ze-antivirus ngezinye izikhathi angaqapheli ngisho nokuqaphela.

Ukukhetha izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane zamahhala eziwusizo kakhulu

Abakhiqizi abakhulu bezokuphepha bavame ukunikeza uhlobo oluthile lwe- idiski yokutakula yamahhala noma i-USBNakuba abanye bengakuvuseleli kahle ukubonwa, into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi izincazelo ze-malware zihlale zisesikhathini nokuthi injini yokuhlaziya ihlala inamandla.

• I-ESET SysRescue LiveMhlawumbe enye yezindawo ezinakekelwe kahle kakhulu. Iyamelana zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows, kufaka phakathi isevaIvumela ukuqala kabusha kusuka ku-CD, i-DVD noma i-USB, ngezindlela eziningana zokuskena (uma kudingeka, ngokuhlakanipha noma ngokwezifiso) kanye ne-interface ecacile.
• I-AVG Rescue CDInikeza izithombe ezihlukile ze-CD ne-USB. I-interface yayo iyi- kulula kakhulu kwimodi yombhaloKodwa iyasiza: ibuyekeza amasignesha futhi yenza ukuskena okujulile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka yizinto ezijabulisayo.
• Idiski Lokusinda laseKasperskyNgokusekelwe ku-Gentoo, isikhombimsebenzisi asikabuyekezwa eminyakeni edlule kodwa sisasebenza injini yokuthola yomunye wabaholi bemboniLanda i-ISO, uyishise ibe yi-medium ebhuthwayo, futhi izosebenza.
• Ithuluzi Lokubuyisela I-Norton BootableIvelele nge-wizard yayo yokudala ama-disc, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize imidiya ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinhlelo zangaphandleIsixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo sincane kakhulu: empeleni siskena futhi sihlanze, ngaphandle kwezinketho ezithuthukisiwe.
• I-Panda SafeDiskKulula kakhulu, kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ivula umsizi ozokwenza Buyekeza izincazelo bese uqala ukuhlaziya lonke uhlelo ukusesha amafayela anonya ngokuchofoza okukodwa.
• I-Trend Micro Rescue Disk: "ongenalutho" kakhulu kunabo bonke maqondana nomklamo, kumodi yombhalo omncane kakhulu one izinketho ezimbalwa eziyisisekeloKuhle uma ufuna into elula ekwazi ukuskena nokuhlanza.
• Uhlelo lwe-Avira Rescue: inikeza ukulanda kwe-ISO nge Isibonisi esibonakalayo esicacile kodwa esilulaZimbalwa izici ezengeziwe, kodwa injini yokuthola eqinile kanye nekhono elihle lokuvuselela isignesha.
• I-Bitdefender Rescue CDSekuyiminyaka eminingi ithandwa kakhulu. Nakuba ithathelwe indawo yi-"Rescue Mode" ehlanganiswe emikhiqizweni yabo, kusekhona Ama-ISO asekelwe ku-Xubuntu kufinyeleleka kumafayela omlando angavumeli nje kuphela ukususwa kwegciwane, kodwa futhi neminye imisebenzi yokulungisa. Ngisho noma uhlelo oluyisisekelo ludala, Amasignesha ayaqhubeka nokubuyekezwa.
• I-F-Secure Rescue CDUmdlalo we-CD wokutakula wakudala, osekelwe ku-Knoppix. Awunawo umbukiso wesithombe wangempela, kodwa ingxoxo esekelwe kumbhalo kuphela. Buza ukuthi ufuna ukuqala ukuhlaziyaKulula, kodwa kuyasebenza emisebenzini enzima yokuhlanza.
• Ukuhlengwa kwe-AvastAyinikezi i-ISO eqondile; okuwukuphela kwendlela Dala imidiya yokutakula usebenzisa i-Avast esivele ifakiwe. ku-PC. Into enhle ukuthi kungenziwa ngenguqulo yamahhala yedeskithophu.

Ukulungiselela ezinye zalezi zinsiza kusenesikhathi kubalulekile kulezo zikhathi lapho I-Windows ayiqali kahle, i-antivirus ayivuli, noma uhlelo luziphatha ngendlela engahlelekile.Ezifweni eziningi ezinkulu, yiyona ndlela kuphela engokoqobo yokwenza lokhu. buyisela emuva ukulawula.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamadrayivu e-USB namathuluzi aphathekayo ukuhlanza izifo

Ngale kwamadiski "aphelele" okusindisa, ungawaphatha njalo kudrayivu ye-USB izinsiza eziphathwayo namathuluzi aphuthumayo ukuze uphume endaweni enzima lapho uhlelo lusaqala kabusha, kodwa lonakele.

I-antimalware ephathekayo kanye ne-MSRT

Isu eliwusizo kakhulu ukuba nohlelo oluthembekile lwe-antimalware noma amathuluzi e-Microsoft kudrayivu yakho ye-USB. Ithuluzi Lokususa Isofthiwe Enonya (MSRT) noma i-Microsoft Safety Scanner. Uyisebenzisela ukwenza ukuskena okunamandla ngaphakathi kwe-Windows uqobo, ikakhulukazi uma usola ukuthi I-Trojans, i-spyware, i-adware, noma i-ransomware ukuthi i-antivirus ehlala khona iyakuvumela.

Kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-MSRT Ayithathi indawo yohlelo oluphelele lwe-antivirus.Yenzelwe ukususa isethi elinganiselwe ye-malware esakazekile futhi isusa kuphela isofthiwe enonya esebenzayo njengamanje. Iyithuluzi lokuhlanza ngemva kokutheleleka, hhayi isivikelo sesikhathi sangempela.

Amathuluzi akhethekile asebenza nge-USB

Kunezinsiza eziklanyelwe ngqo ukuqala nokusetshenziswa kusuka kudrayivu yangaphandle kumakhompyutha e-Windows, asebenza njenge abahlanzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abalula kakhuluIzibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ikhithi Ephuthumayo ye-Emsisoft: iphakheji ephathekayo ephelele kakhulu eneskena, isihlanzi kanye nezinye izinsiza zokuphepha zokuhlaziya okujulile.
• Ukuskena Nokuhlanza Ama-Sophos: kugxile ekutholakaleni kwe i-spyware, ama-Trojans kanye nama-rootkit, okuhlanganisa ubuthakathaka obungenalo usuku kanye nezinsongo ezithuthukile.

Ezimweni eziningi, ikhambi elifanele ukulungiselela idrayivu ye-USB njenge bootable Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlanzwa ukuthi kwenziwe ngaphandle kwe-Windows, njengakuma-rescue disks. Ngale ndlela, ungaskena ama-disk nama-partition anegciwane ngaphandle kwengozi yokuthi i-malware isebenze ngesikhathi senqubo.

Dala idrayivu ye-USB yokutakula enemvelo ephephile

Elinye isu elisebenza kahle kakhulu ukulungiselela sindisa idrayivu ye-USB ngesistimu yokusebenza ehlukile njenge-SystemRescue noma enye i-distro Linux Ilungele izimo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela:

• Qala nini I-Windows ayiqali noma ayizinzile.
• Finyelela amadrayivu angaphakathi ukuze ukopishe amafayela abalulekile ngaphambi ifomethi.
• Sebenzisa i-antivirus noma i-antimalware ku- indawo ehlukanisiwe ngokuphelele.
• Lungisa izingxenye, amasektha, noma i-boot loader.

Ngokuvamile, ulanda isithombe se-ISO se-SystemRescue (noma esifanayo) bese usishisa ku-USB drive usebenzisa i-Rufus noma i-Etcher. uhlelo MBR, ifomethi FAT32 kanye nokuhambisana kwe-BIOS/UEFINoma nini lapho i-PC inezinkinga ezinkulu, uqala kusukela kuleyo drayivu ye-USB, ukhethe idrayivu ethintekile, bese uqalisa amathuluzi okuxilonga nawokuhlanza, uvimbele ukutheleleka ukuthi kusabalale kakhulu.

I-antivirus eyakhelwe ngaphakathi: indima ye-Windows Defender

Uma nje ungasebenzisi ama-drive angaphandle, iWindows inomngani obalulekile: I-Microsoft Defender (i-Windows Defender)Iza inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi inikeza izinga elihloniphekile kakhulu lokuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela, ngokuvikela umlilo, ukuvikelwa kwenethiwekhi, ukuvikelwa kwamafu, ukuvikelwa kwe-ransomware, ukulawulwa kohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwedivayisi.

I-Windows Defender ihlangana nesistimu ngephaneli yokulawula. Ukuphepha kweWindowsKusuka lapho unga:

• Buka isimo sonke (izithonjana eziluhlaza okotshani, eziphuzi noma ezibomvu kuye ngokuthi izenzo ziphuthuma kangakanani).
• Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlaziya (okusheshayo, okugcwele, okwenzelwe wena kanye Umvikeli Ongaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi).
• Buyekeza izincazelo zezinsongo ngesandla noma nge I-Windows Update.
• Lungiselela ukuvikelwa kwe-ransomware ngekhophi yokusekelayo ku-OneDrive.
• Phatha ukukhishwa kanye nezenzo kumafayela okuvalelwa.

Isikhathi ngasinye lapho ithola i-malware, i-Defender ibhala umcimbi ku- Umlando wokuvikela Ikukhombisa isimo sosongo: sivinjiwe, sivalelwe, noma asilungiswanga ngokuphelele. Ukusuka lapho, unganquma ukuthi uzosisusa, usigcine sivalelwe, usivumele kudivayisi, noma uphenye kabanzi.

Uma i- unamanga wamangaUngangeza ifayela noma ifolda ohlwini lwezinto ezingafakwanga, kodwa kufanele ukwenze ngokucophelela okukhulu: ukukhipha okuthile okuthelelekile kunikeza i-malware amandla okulawula.

Uma i-Defender ihluleka futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa amanye amasuite

Umdlali wasemuva uthuthuke kakhulu futhi ezivivinyweni eziningi uthola okungaphezu kwalokho 99% we-malware eyaziwayo...kusondele kakhulu ezixazululweni zezentengiselwano. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezikhokhelwayo zivame ukufaka izinto ezengeziwe ezithuthukisiwe: i-VPN okuhlanganisiwe, izilawuli zabazali, ukuvikelwa kwamabhange, ibhokisi lesanti, ukuvikelwa kwezimayini cryptocurrencies, Njll

Uma ukuphatha ulwazi olubucayi kakhuluUma usebenza ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ungaphansi kwemithetho yokuphepha, noma uphatha amadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe, ungase ube nentshisekelo ku-suite yezentengiselwano enamakhono okuphatha aphakathi kanye nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe.

Ezinye izibonelo ezinamandla ezivame ukucashunwa yilezi: I-Bitdefender, i-Kaspersky noma i-NortonLokhu kunikeza isivikelo sesikhathi sangempela esilungiswe kahle, amathuluzi azinikele e-ransomware, ama-backup efu, ama-firewall athuthukisiwe, kanye namamojula wobumfihlo. Kodwa-ke, uma ufaka enye yalezi, I-Windows Defender ikhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugwema izingxabano, yize igcina eminye imisebenzi yokuphepha ehambisanayo.

Ukuqapha okusongelayo okusebenzayo: ngale kwe-antivirus

Ukuphepha namuhla akukhona nje ukufaka isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane bese ukhohlwa ngakho. Inani lokuhlaselwa, inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe (i-IoT, amakhamera e-IP, amathelevishini, amaphrinta, i-NAS…) kanye ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo kusofthiwe kanye hardware Zidinga ukubhekwa okusebenzayo.

Ikholi ukuqapha izinsongo okusebenzayo Kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile nangokusebenzayo ukuthi:

• Izinhlelo zisesikhathini futhi azinazo iziqeshana ezisalindile.
• Azikho izinhlelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ama-plugin akhohliwe aneziphazamiso ezinkulu.
• Amaphasiwedi ahlala eqinile futhi awazange aphucwe.
• Azikho izandiso noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisolisayo ezifakiwe.
• Ukuziphatha kwesistimu (i-CPU, i-RAM, ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi) kuvamile.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba abahlaseli Abayeki ukusungula izinto ezintshaI-Malware isakazeka kalula ngenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi "ezingenacala" noma izandiso zingashintsha izandla futhi zibe yingozi ekubuyekezweni.

Izinhlobo ze-malware eziyingozi kakhulu okufanele uziqaphele

Akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzisa i-malware ngendlela efanayo. Kuyasiza ukuqaphela ezinye izigaba eziyinkinga noma ezibhubhisayo ezingabangela izinkinga ngisho nangamathuluzi amahle.

I-malware ye-Drive-by

El i-malware yokushayela Kusatshalaliswa ngamawebhusayithi athelelekile noma amawebhusayithi adalelwe ngqo ukuhlaselwa. Ukuvakashela nje ikhasi elisengozini noma ukuchofoza isixhumanisi esinonya kwanele ukulanda noma ukusebenzisa ikhodi cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela.

Indawo yabahlaseli izixhumanisi ezinobuthi kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni, ezikhangisweni (ezingenisa idatha), noma kuma-imeyili. Uma umsebenzisi echofoza noma emukela "izibuyekezo" noma "ukuskena kokuphepha," i-malware iyafakwa, engavula iminyango yangemuva, yebe idatha, ifake i-ransomware, noma iguqule ikhompyutha yakho ibe yingxenye ye-botnet.

Ukuze uzivikele, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ingqondo ehlakaniphile (ungafaki lutho oluvela kuma-pop-up angajwayelekile), lungisa isiphequluli sakho nama-plugin futhi ube ne-antivirus enhle evimba ukulanda okuzenzakalelayo okusolisayo.

I-Wiper: i-malware esula yonke into

I-Los ama-wipers Zingesinye sezigaba ezimbi kakhulu: inhloso yazo sula okuqukethwe kwamadiski nememoriAzibetheli njenge-ransomware; zibhubhisa ngqo ulwazi. Ifayela elilodwa elinonya elivulwe nge-imeyili noma isixhumanisi esikhohlisayo lingasho ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwamadokhumenti, ama-backup axhunyiwe, nama-drive angaphandle.

Lapha, kunanini ngaphambili, badlala indima ebalulekile. izipele ezingaxhunyiwe (kumadrayivu angaphandle angaxhunywanga njalo, noma efwini eliphethwe kahle), qaphela ngezinamathiselo nezixhumanisi, amathuluzi okuphepha, futhi, gcina konke kubuyekeziwe ukuze unciphise indawo yokuhlasela.

I-Ramnit: isibonelo sesibungu esinolaka ku-Windows

I-Ramnit Kuyisibonelo esihle se-malware ethile ye-Windows ehlanganisa i-worm ne-Trojan horse. Isakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi nge... amadrayivu e-USB anegciwane kanye nokulandwa kwesofthiwe eguquliwe (ama-patches, ama-cracks, izinhlelo eziphangiwe).

Ithelela kakhulu Amafayela e-EXE kanye ne-HTMLFuthi ingavula umnyango wangemuva ovumela umhlaseli okude ukuthi alande izinsongo ezengeziwe futhi asebenzise ikhodi emshinini wakho. Uma ingamiswanga ngesikhathi, igcina isakazeke kulo lonke uhlelo futhi ingayenza ingasebenzi.

Ukuze uyisuse, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza i- ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nge-antivirus enamandla esiskena kokubili idiski yangaphakathi kanye nawo wonke amadivayisi asuswayo, uma kudingeka namathuluzi athile omthengisi afana ne-Symantec eklanyelwe i-Ramnit. Uma uhlelo seluvele lusengozini enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ikhambi elingokoqobo liwukuthi fometha futhi ufake kabusha iWindows zisuka nje.

I-Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS)

El I-Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) Ubugebengu be-inthanethi buguqule ibhizinisi "njenganoma yiliphi elinye," kodwa ohlangothini olubi. Ngokuyisisekelo, abathuthukisi be-malware banikeza amakhithi alungele ukusetshenziswaAmaphaneli okulawula, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezibuyekezo, njenganoma iyiphi i-SaaS esemthethweni, kodwa yokuqalisa i-ransomware, i-DDoS, ama-trojan asebhange noma ezinye izenzo zonya.

Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu isithiyo sokungena: umuntu onolwazi olulinganiselwe, ngokukhokha imali yokubhalisa, angaqala imikhankaso eyingozi kakhulu esebenzisa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza sibone ukuhlaselwa okuvamile nokuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuzivikela okuwukuphela okufanelekile kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ukuqinisa Ukuvimbela: Qaphela ama-imeyili aphuthumayo acela idatha, okunamathiselwe okusolisayo, amawebhusayithi asolisayo, kanye namafomu acela iziqinisekiso.Ukunaka isihloko ("okuphuthumayo", "i-akhawunti yakho iyavala namuhla", njll.), umthumeli, kanye nezinamathiselo kuvame ukuveza imizamo eminingi yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.

I-Rogueware: izinhlelo mbumbulu ze-antivirus kanye nezaziso ezidukisayo

El i-rogueware Iziveza njenge-antivirus noma ithuluzi lokuhlanza elingelona iqiniso eliqalayo izexwayiso ze-alamu"I-PC yakho itheleleke kakhulu," "kutholakale amagciwane angu-500," njll. Kukushukumisela ukuthi uchofoze ukuze "ulungise," futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, empeleni ufaka i-malware.

Le milayezo ivame ukuvela ngenkathi uphequlula amawebhusayithi asolisayo noma ngemuva kokufaka isandiso noma uhlelo olusolisayo. Icebo lihlala lifana: ukuphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi xhumana ngokuzithandela ukuze yamukele ukulanda.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, akufanele neze faka izinhlelo "zokuvikela amagciwane" ezivele ngokungalindelekile kusiphequluliSebenzisa izixazululo ezaziwayo kuphela, zilande kumawebhusayithi azo asemthethweni noma esitolo sesistimu yakho (i-Microsoft Store, njll.). Mac I-App Store, njll.), futhi uqaphele noma yikuphi ukuvela okuthembisa ukuhlanzwa okumangalisayo ngokuchofoza okukodwa.

Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza i-malware eqhubekayo ku-Windows naku-Mac

Nakuba icala ngalinye linezincazelo zalo, uma uthola ukutheleleka okungenzeka kube kubi kakhulu kunezinyathelo eziningana ezinengqondo ongazithatha ngaphambi kokuyeka:

• Nqamula i-inthanethi kanye nenethiwekhi yendawo ukukhawulela ukusabalala nokunqamula ukuxhumana namaseva omyalo nokulawula.
• Qalisa kumodi ephephile (ku-Windows, kusukela ku-Advanced Options > Startup Settings; ku-Mac, ngokubamba inkinobho ethi Shift uma uvula) ukuze unciphise ukulayishwa kwabashayeli namasevisi.
• Khipha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisolisayo kanye nezandiso Kusukela ku-Control Panel (Windows) noma kufolda ye-Applications (Mac), bese uhlanza noma yiziphi izandiso zesiphequluli ongazazi.
• Yenza ukuskena okuningi ngezinjini ezahlukene. (isibonelo, i-Defender + Malwarebytes + ESET Online Scanner) ukwandisa amathuba okutholakala.
• Buyekeza izinqubo ezisebenzayo con Umphathi Womsebenzi (Windows) noma i-Activity Monitor (Mac) bese uvala noma yini ebonakala sengathi inonya, uphenye imvelaphi yama-executable.
• Hlanza amafayela esikhashana kanye nezinqolobane ukususa noma yikuphi ukusala nokwandisa ukusebenza.
• Uma inkinga iqhubeka, Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokutakula langaphandle eliqalwa kabusha ukuskena nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesistimu yokusebenza.
• Njengendlela yokugcina, faka kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kusuka endaweni ehlanzekile, ngemuva kokulondoloza idatha ebalulekile ngendawo yokutakula.

Uma izinto zingakahambi kahle, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga nge- usizo lukachwepheshe okhethekile onamathuluzi okuhlola kanye nolwazi ekuhlanzweni okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokuzivikela ngemva kokususa i-malware

Uma usukwazile ukuqeda i-malware, sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda umsebenzi ngokuqinisa ukuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ukutheleleka esikhathini esizayo, ngoba abahlaseli ngeke bayeke ukuzama.

• Gcina uhlelo lwakho nezinhlelo zakho zisesikhathinikufaka phakathi iziphequluli, ama-plugin, ama-office suites, kanye ne-firmware yedivayisi.
• Sebenzisa njalo isofthiwe yezomthetho kanye nemithombo esemthethweni. Ukuze ulande izinhlelo, gwema ukuqhekeka, ama-keygen, kanye nezindawo zokugcina ama-pirate.
• Yenza kusebenze futhi ulungiselele kahle i-antivirus yakho. (Isivikelo noma i-suite oyisebenzisayo), enokuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuskena okuhleliwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwamafu.
• Prakthiza ukwenza ama-backups njaloKungcono kakhulu, ngekhophi eyodwa ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (i-hard drive yangaphandle) futhi, uma kungenzeka, enye igcinwe efwini elibethelwe.
• Qinisa amaphasiwedi akho bese unika amandla i-2FA ezinsizeni ezibalulekile ukuze ukwebiwa kweziqinisekiso kungabi yinhlekelele.
• Ukungathembi ngendlela ehlelekile ama-imeyili, imiyalezo namawebhusayithi acela idatha ngendlela esheshayo noma ethusayo.
• Cabanga ngokusebenzisa i-VPN ethembekile kumanethiwekhi omphakathi ukuvikela ithrafikhi yakho kuma-snooper.

Uma uhlanganisa i-antivirus enamandla (kungaba yi-Windows Defender noma i-suite ekhokhelwayo) nama-rescue disk alungisiwe, amathuluzi aphathekayo kudrayivu yakho ye-USB, izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo, kanye nokuqapha okuncane lapho uphequlula futhi ulanda, uzoba nethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphumelela. qeda ngisho ne-malware eqhubekayo ngosizo lwamathuluzi okutakula angaphandle futhi ugcine imishini yakho isesimweni esihle, ngaphandle kokuphila ngokwesaba okuqhubekayo ukuthi "into engavamile" yenza umsebenzi wayo ngemuva kwezigcawu.