Indlela yokusesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela ku-Linux usebenzisa i-terminal

Ukusebenza ngamafayela amaningi ohlelweni lwe-GNU/Linux ngaphandle kwamathuluzi amahle okusesha kungaba yindaba ebuhlungu ngempela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma iphrojekthi ikhula noma uma kufanele ubuyekeze ama-log amakhulu. Ukukwazi ukusesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela ku-Linux kusuka ku-terminal Kwenza umehluko phakathi kokuchitha isikhathi nokuba ngumuntu osheshayo ngempela.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-Linux iza nezinsiza eziklanyelwe lokhu ngqo. Imiyalo efana grep, find, awk, sed noma ack ikuvumela ukuthi uthole amagama, imishwana noma amaphethini cishe kunoma yiliphi ifayela kusistimu yakho, kuhlanganisa usesho olulula nezinkulumo ezivamile ezinamandla kakhulu.

umyalo we-grep: ithuluzi elidala lokusesha umbhalo ku-Linux

Umongo wokusesha okuningi kombhalo ku-Linux yi- Umyalo we-grep, insiza yomugqa womyalo eyenzelwe ukuthola amaphethini ngaphakathi kwamafayelaIgama layo livela ku-"global regular expression print", futhi lokho sekuvele kukunikeza inkomba: yenzelwe ukusebenza ngezincazelo ezijwayelekile futhi ibonise yonke imigqa ehambisana nalokho okufunayo.

Ukuze sikubeke ngendlela ewusizo kakhudlwana, I-grep ithola iphethini yokusesha (umbhalo ocacile noma ukubonakaliswa okuvamile) kanye nefayela elilodwa noma ngaphezulu noma iziqondisiIfunda okuqukethwe bese ibhala imigqa ehambisana nokukhipha okujwayelekile. Ungayisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa kanye nokubuyekeza amafayela okucushwa noma amalogi esistimu.

I-syntax eyisisekelo ilula kakhulu, futhi ivame ukulandela iphethini efanayo: grep "umbhalo_noma_iphethini" ifayela_noma_indlelaUkusuka lapho, konke kumayelana nokwengeza izinketho ngendlela oyifunayo: ukusesha okuphindaphindayo, ukunganaki izinhlamvu ezinkulu, ukubonisa izinombolo zomugqa, njll.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwe-grep kumafayela athile

Ukuze uqale ngesibonelo esilula, cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukuthola igama elithi "amanani" ngaphakathi kwefayela elithile le-PHP lephrojekthi yewebhuIsibonelo, isilawuli se-Laravel:

grep "prices" ./app/Http/Controllers/PricesController.php

Lowo myalo uzofunda ifayela elichaziwe futhi izobonisa yonke imigqa equkethe umucu othi "prices" njengoba ubhaliwengokuphathelene nezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane. Uma usebenza ngekhodi, uzovame ukufuna ukwazi ukuthi umdlalo ngamunye uvela kuluphi ulayini.

Ukuze ufeze lokhu, mane nje ungeze inketho -nukuze umphumela uhlanganise inombolo yomugqa ngaphambi komdlalo ngamunye:

grep -n "prices" ./app/Http/Controllers/PricesController.php

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nesithakazelo kokuphambene nalokho: Buka kuphela imigqa engenalo igama elithile.Isibonelo, yonke imigqa kusilawuli lapho isitatimende singaveli khona. use.

Yilapho inketho iqala khona ukusebenza -vokuguqula izindlela zokukhetha futhi okukhipha ukufana:

grep -vn "use" ./app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php

Unganaki izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane ekusesheni kwakho kwe-grep

Uma ufuna igama elingavela ngezindlela ezahlukene (isibonelo ikhaya, Ikhaya, IKHAYA noma inhlanganisela efanayoOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele ukhohlwe ngomehluko phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane bese ugxila embhalweni kuphela.

Kulokhu, i-grep inenketho -i, okuphoqa usesho olungazweli amacala kufayela elishiwo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igama lipelwe kanjani:

grep -i "texto" nombre-del-archivo

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa leyo ndlela efanayo kufayela lephrojekthi yewebhu, ungenza, isibonelo, Sesha igama elithi "ikhaya" kusilawuli se-Laravel ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngekesi ukuhlanganisa -i kanye -n:

grep -in "home" ./app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php

Kuvamile kakhulu futhi ukusebenzisa -i kanye nokusesha okuphindaphindiwe, ukuskena iphrojekthi yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa ufuna igama noma igama elithile ongase ungalikhumbuli kahle ukuthi ulipele kanjani.

Ukusesha okuphindaphindiwe nge-grep kuzinkombandlela nakuma-subdirectories

Amandla eqiniso afika uma ungasagcini nje ngokuzibekela ifayili elilodwa, kodwa Usebenzisa i-grep kufolda yonke bese uyivumela ukuthi iphindaphindeke kuzo zonke iziqondisi zayo ezingezansiIzinketho ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa le njongo: -r o -R.

Ngendlela elula kakhulu, ungaqala ngokusesha igama ngaphakathi kwawo wonke amafayela ombhalo kufolda yakho yasekhaya, isibonelo umucu othi "umbhalo" kumafayela e-.txt /home:

grep "texto" /home/ *.txt

Uma ufuna i-grep iphinde idlulele phansi iye kuma-subdirectory, Engeza u--r ukuze usebenzise usesho oluphindaphindayo futhi ugcina isihlungi sesandiso se-.txt:

grep -r "texto" /home/ *.txt

Isikhathi lapho ungenandaba nohlobo lwefayela futhi ufuna thola igama elithi "umbhalo" kunoma yiliphi ifayela ngaphakathi /home kanye nama-subdirectories aloKhombisa nje indlela:

grep -r "texto" /home/

Okufana kakhulu kusebenza kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa. Uma usebenza, isibonelo, kuhlu lwemibhalo ./app/Http/Controllers futhi udinga ukuthola igama "inkomba" kunoma yisiphi isilawuli, ungasebenzisa:

grep -rn "index" ./app/Http/Controllers

Kulokhu -r yenza usesho luphinde lubuyele emuva futhi -n unezela inombolo yomugqa kumphumela ngamunyeUma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amafayela aqukethe igama, futhi awudingi ukubona umugqa, ungasebenzisa inketho -l ukufaka amagama wamafayela kuphela:

grep -rl "index" ./app/Http/Controllers

Umehluko phakathi kuka--ry no--R, okukhishwe kanye nezibonelo ezisebenzayo

Ngaphezu kwe--r, i-grep inikeza Inketho ye--R, ephinde yenze usesho oluphindaphindayo kodwa ilandela izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekisoUmehluko omncane, kodwa ezinhlelweni ezinezixhumanisi eziningi ezingokomfanekiso kwezinye iziqondisi kungashintsha kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha.

Endaweni evamile yomsebenzisi, ungasesha igama "umbhalo" ngaphakathi kwanoma yiluphi uhla lwemibhalo ekhaya lakho Ngakho-ke:

grep "texto" ~/directorio

Uma ufuna ukuthi ikwazi ukukhasa ifaka ama-subdirectory, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

grep -R "texto" ~/directorio

Kulungile:

grep -ir "texto" ~/directorio

Kulesi sibonelo sokugcina, Uhlanganisa i- -i ukuze ungayinaki icala ne- -r ukuze udlule ngokuphindaphindiwe yonke isihlahla somkhombandlela, inhlanganisela evamile kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke.

Elinye icala eliwusizo kakhulu lihilela thola igama elifana nelithi "linux" kokuqukethwe kwawo wonke amafayela kufolda yamanje bese ubuka indlela yefayela ngalinye eliqukethe. Imiyalelo izoba yile:

grep -ril "linux" .

Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, kubalulekile futhi ukukwazi Khipha iziqondisi ezithile noma izinhlobo zamafayela kuseshoIsibonelo, ukweqa .git, yakha amafolda noma amafayela amakhulu emibhalo.

Nge-grep ungakwenza kalula ngokuhlanganisa --exclude-dir y --exclude, ngaphezu kokugqamisa ukufana kombala:

grep -ir --color --exclude-dir={directorio1,directorio2,.git} --exclude={*.txt,*.md} /

Amaphethini akhethekile, amazwana, kanye nezibonelo ezengeziwe nge-grep

I-Grep ayisebenzi nje kuphela ekufuneni amagama ngamanye, kodwa futhi Ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi kancane ukuze uthole, isibonelo, amazwana kufayela.Isibonelo esijwayelekile sihilela ukusesha yonke imigqa eqala ngophawu. #, kuvame kakhulu kumafayela wokucushwa.

Uma kunjalo, ungasho into eqondile njengokuthi:

grep ^# nombre-del-archivo

Nansi umlingiswa ^ ikhombisa ukuqala komugqa, kanti uphawu lwephawundi (#) lukhombisa ukuthi ufuna imibono eqala ngalolo phawu.Lokhu kusebenza kahle kumafayela afana ne- /etc/fstab, /etc/hosts noma yiliphi ifayela elijwayelekile lokucushwa kwe-Linux, noma le- sesha ukucushwa ku-make menuconfig.

Esinye isimo esivamile kakhulu emhlabeni wangempela kumaphrojekthi amakhulu isidingo sokuthi sesha umusho noma inkulumo ethile kuwo wonke amafayela ohla lwemibhalo kanye nama-subdirectories aloUhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa yilolu:

grep -ri "frase o palabra a buscar" *

Kulokhu, -r wenza usesho oluphindaphindayo, -i uyayishaya indiva izinhlamvu ezinkulu kanye ne-wildcard * Lokhu kusho ukuthi ufuna ukusebenzisa usesho kuwo wonke amafayela namafolda kufolda yamanje. Kulabo abakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu noma izikripthi eziyinkimbinkimbi, lokhu mhlawumbe kungenye yezinhlanganisela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Uma ufuna ukujula nakakhulu ku-grep, ungaphendukela njalo ku- imibhalo esemthethweni ye-GNU kuwebhusayithi yephrojekthi noma okufakiwe kwe-Wikipedia okunikezelwe kuleli thuluzi, lapho zonke izinketho ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokusekelwa okugcwele kwezinkulumo ezijwayelekile ezinwetshiwe kuchazwe kabanzi.

Kusetshenziswa izinkulumo ezijwayelekile nezinketho ezithuthukisiwe nge-grep

Uma izinto ziba nzima futhi ukufuna igama elilodwa nje akusanele, Izinkulumo ezivamile zika-grep zikuvumela ukuthi wakhe amaphethini anamandla kakhuluNgenxa yabo ungasesha amagama amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ububanzi bezinhlamvu noma amaphethini aphindaphindayo.

Indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukusebenzisa grep ngenketho ethi -Eokuvumela ukuvezwa okuvamile okunwetshiwe. Isibonelo, Uma ufuna ukuthola imigqa equkethe "iphutha" noma "isexwayiso" ku-log yesistimuUngenza into efana nale:

grep -E 'error|warning' /var/log/syslog

Kulesi sibonelo umlingiswa "|" isebenza njenge-OR enengqondoNgakho umugqa uzohambisana uma kuvela noma yiliphi igama. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ekuhlungeni izingodo nokugxila kuphela emilayezweni efanele.

Enye inhlanganisela ejwayelekile kakhulu iqukethe hlunga imiyalezo yamaphutha ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa phakathi kokubhala ngosonhlamvukazi kufayela elifanayo lelogi yesistimu, kusetshenziswa inketho ethi -i ukuze kube lula ukusesha:

grep -i 'error' /var/log/syslog

Uma futhi ufuna uzulazule ngokuphindaphindiwe kulo lonke isihlahla se-/var/log ufuna lelo gama, ungaqala:

grep -r 'error' /var/log/

Kunezinhlanganisela eziningi, kodwa indlela yokucabanga iyafana ngaso sonke isikhathi: Chaza ukuthi iyiphi iphethini oyifunayo nokuthi ufuna ukuyifuna kuphi, wengeze izinketho zokuthuthukisa umphumela ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile.

thola: thola amafayela bese uwahlanganisa ne-grep

Ngaphandle kokusesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela, uvame ukudinga Okokuqala, thola ukuthi yimaphi amafayela akuthandayo ngegama lawo, usayizi, noma usuku lokuguqulwa kwawo.Umyalo oyinhloko walokhu uthi thola, enye inguqulo yakudala yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-Linux.

I-Find yenzelwe i- ukuhlelwa kwesikhombisi se-traverse ngokuphindaphindiwe bese ubuyisela amafayela noma amafolda ahlangabezana nesimoAyifuni umbhalo ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe ngokwayo, kodwa uma ihlanganiswe ne-grep iba ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokusesha okuyinkimbinkimbi.

I-syntax ejwayelekile ivame ukuvezwa ngokuthi thola inani lezinketho zomzilaUkusuka lapho, izimo ezifana negama lefayela, uhlobo, usuku lokuguqulwa, noma usayizi zihlanganiswa ndawonye.

Isibonelo, uma ufuna sesha isiqondisi samanje sefayela eligama lalo "lifayela" ngqo, ungagijima:

find . -name "archivo"

Uma okudingayo qala ukusesha okufanayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwefayela kusukela ku-/I-oda lizoba:

find / -name "archivo"

Uma ungakhumbuli kahle ukuthi igama labhalwa kanjani, unenketho yokuthi ukungahlukanisi phakathi kosonhlamvukazi abakhulu nabancane nge- -iname, iwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezabiwe lapho wonke umuntu ebiza izinto ngendlela yakhe:

find . -iname "archivo"

Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-wildcard ukuthola amafayela amagama awo owakhumbula kancane, isibonelo, uma ucabanga ukuthi aqukethe umucu othi "chiv" ngesikhathi esithile:

find . -iname "*chiv*"

Izinketho ezivamile zokuthola kanye nokusesha okuhlanganisiwe ne-grep

I-Find ingaphezu nje kwegama. Phakathi kwezinketho zayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kukhona -type, -mtime kanye no-size, okuvumela ukuhlunga ngohlobo lwensiza, usuku kanye nosayizingokulandelana. Nge -uhlobo f Ucacisa ukuthi ufuna amafayela kuphela, kanti nge -uhlobo d Ukhawulela usesho kuma-directory.

Okukhethwa kukho - isikhathi Isetshenziselwa ukusesha amafayela. kuguqulwe inani elithile lezinsuku ezedlule. Isibonelo -mtime -7 Khetha amafayela ashintshiwe ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ezedlule, okuwusizo kakhulu ekubukezeni amalogi akamuva kuphela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, -size ikuvumela ukuthi useshe amafayela ngosayiziLokhu kuhle uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amafayela amakhulu athatha isikhala ohlelweni lwakho noma kuphrojekthi yakho. Zonke lezi zihlungi zingahlanganiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela.

Ingxenye ethakazelisayo ngempela ifika ku- Hlanganisa i-find ne-grep usebenzisa i--exec, ukuze uqale ukhethe ukuthi yimaphi amafayela owafunayo bese usesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwawoIsibonelo, uma ufuna ukuthola igama elithi "iphutha" kuwo wonke amafayela .log de /var/logUngagijima:

find /var/log -name '*.log' -exec grep 'error' {} +

Lowo myalo uzokwenza I-`find` ikhiqiza uhlu lwamafayela e-.log futhi, kuwo ngamunye, isebenzisa i-`grep` ifuna umucu wombhalo ochaziwe. Ibhukhimakhi {} kuthathelwa indawo igama lefayela elitholiwe kanye nophawu + Ivumela ukucubungula amafayela amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Uma ufuna ukulungisa okwengeziwe futhi zikhawulele kumafayela aguquliwe ngesonto eledlule, ungangeza isimo -mtime -7 bese ushiya i-oda kanje:

find /var/log -type f -mtime -7 -exec grep 'error' {} +

Ngomugqa owodwa ufinyelela nciphisa usesho ngosuku, uhlobo lwefayela, kanye nokuqukethweLokhu kunamandla kakhulu uma usebenza nezinkulungwane zamafayela elogi kuseva yokukhiqiza.

awk: sesha futhi ucubungule umbhalo ngezinkambu

Nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphathwa kwedatha ehlelekile, i-awk ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela, ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi ivumela ukuphatha umugqa ngamunye njengeqoqo lezinkambu ezihlukaniswe yisinqamuleli.

Awk empeleni Ulimi lokuhlela oluncane, olunezinjongo ezikhethekile olwenzelwe ukuhlaziya nokucubungula amafayela ombhalo.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyisisekelo, nokho, akuyinkimbinkimbi: vele uchaze iphethini phakathi kwemigoqo. /patron/ kanye nesenzo phakathi kwezinkinobho, ngokuvamile {print} ukukhombisa umugqa.

Isibonelo, uma ufuna Khombisa yonke imigqa ku-/var/log/syslog equkethe igama elithi "error"Ungenza into eqondile njengokuthi:

awk '/error/ {print}' /var/log/syslog

Le ndlela yokusebenza ifana ne-grep, kodwa i-awk ikhanya ikakhulukazi uma Udinga ukukhipha izinkambu ezithile emgqeni ngamunyeIsibonelo, igama lomsebenzisi, ikheli le-IP, noma isihlonzi esihlukaniswe yikholoni.

Okukhethwa kukho -F ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze i-delimiter yensimukanye neziguquguquko $1, $2, $3... Zibhekisela ensimini yokuqala, yesibili, yesithathu, njll. Uma kufayela amasimu ahlukaniswe yi :Ungenza into efana nale:

awk -F':' '/error/ {print $1}' /var/log/syslog

Ngalesi sibonelo, awk Ifuna imigqa equkethe "iphutha" futhi ikhombisa inkambu yokuqala kuphela. ngaphambi kwekholoni. Isetshenziswa ku-log, ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise usuku kuphela, igama lesevisi kuphela, noma enye ikholomu oyithandayo.

i-sed: thola futhi ufake umbhalo esikhundleni sokusakaza

Elinye ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokusebenza ngombhalo ku-Linux yileli i-sed, umhleli wokugeleza ogxile ekwenzeni izinguquko kuzintambo zombhalo njengoba zidlula kokufakwayo okujwayelekile. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo okwaziwa kakhulu ukusesha nokufaka esikhundleni, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka izinguquko eziningi kufayela.

I-syntax esetshenziswa kakhulu isekelwe kumyalo s/patron/nuevo/, kuphi s Kuvela ku-"substitute". Ngalokho ungakwazi shintsha ukuvela kokuqala kombhalo ngomunye emgqeni ngamunye wefayela elibonisiwe.

Isibonelo, uma ufuna Shintsha ukuvela kokuqala kwe-"error" kube yi-"ERROR" kumugqa ngamunye we-/var/log/syslog Ngaphandle kokushintsha ifayela lokuqala, uzokwazi uku:

sed 's/error/ERROR/' /var/log/syslog

Uma okudingayo shintsha zonke izindawo lapho lelo gama livela khona emgqeni ngamunye, sengeza isilungisi g (kusukela ku-“global”) ekupheleni kwemiyalelo:

sed 's/error/ERROR/g' /var/log/syslog

Uma ucacile ngoshintsho olufunayo nolufisayo Yisebenzise ngqo kufayela, ngaphandle kokudala ikhophi.Inketho eyinhloko yile -i, okubonisa ukuthi “kusendaweni”:

sed -i 's/error/ERROR/g' /var/log/syslog

Ngezizathu zokuphepha, ngokuvamile kuyanconywa. Okokuqala, yenza isivivinyo ngaphandle kwe--i ukuze ubone umphumelaFuthi kuphela uma uqiniseka ukuthi ukufaka esikhundleni kulungile lapho ungangeza khona leyo nketho ukuze ushintshe ifayela langempela.

i-ack: enye indlela yesimanje esikhundleni se-grep yabathuthukisi

Ngaphezu kwamathuluzi akudala, ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kwesimanje kukuvumela ukuthi ufake i-ack, insiza eklanyelwe ukushintshwa kwe-grep okuthuthukisiwe, igxile kakhulu ekufuneni umbhalo ezihlahleni zekhodi yomthombo.

U-Ack uziphatha ngendlela efana ne-grep, kodwa Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ayinaki iziqondiso ezithile nezinhlobo zamafayela ezingavamile ukuba nesithakazelo kumhleli wezinhlelo., njenge .git, yakha izincwajana noma ama-binary akhiqizwe. Lokhu kwenza ukusesha okuningi kusheshe futhi kube wusizo ngaphandle kokufaka okungafakwanga ngesandla.

Ukuze uqale ukuyisebenzisa ekusakazweni okusekelwe ku-Debian noma ku-Ubuntu, kuzodingeka nje faka iphakheji ehambisanayo evela kumphathi wephakheji:

sudo apt install ack

Uma usufakiwe, unga sesha igama ngokuphindaphindiwe kulo lonke isihlahla sohlu lwamanje ngomyalo olula njengokuthi:

ack 'palabra'

Uma uthanda khawulela usesho emzileni othizeIsibonelo, ukuze ucacise iphrojekthi ethile ekhasini lakho eliyisiqalo, ungayibonisa ngqo njengempikiswano yesibili:

ack 'palabra' '/ruta_archivo'

Ngale ndlela, i-ack izodlula amafayela endleleni ecacisiwe, kukhombisa imigqa equkethe umucu oseshiwe futhi kugqanyiswa okufanayo ngendlela ekhangayo ngokubonakalayo. Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okuthuthukisa, ingaba umngane wakho ongcono kakhulu wokuthola imisebenzi, amakilasi, noma izintambo zombhalo ezisakazeke kumafayela amaningi.

Sesha amagama kumafayela amakhulu nakuwo wonke uhlelo

Uma uhlangana nezinhlelo ze-Linux ebezisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi, kuvamile ukuthola ngamafayela amaningi kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo, lapho ukuthola igama elithile kungabonakala njengomsebenzi ongenakwenzekaLokhu kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana ezingenhla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasebenzisa i-grep ngokusesha okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezihlungi zohlobo lwefayelaLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugxile kuphela kumafayela afanele futhi ulahle umsindo. Isibonelo esihle ukufuna igama kulo lonke iphrojekthi ngenkathi ugwema iziqondisi ezithile zokulawula inguqulo noma amadokhumenti.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungaqala ngokuthi Thola ifayela elifanele usebenzisa ukuthola, ukuhlunga ngegama noma isandisobese usebenzisa i-grep kuphela kulolo hlu lwamafayela oluncishisiwe, noma usebenzise amathuluzi afana izintambo zokukhipha umbhalo ofihliwe kusuka kuma-binary.

Esimweni esithile sokufuna thola igama ngaphakathi kweqoqo lamafayela atholakala endleleni ethileI-syntax ephindaphindwayo evame ukuphindaphindiwe ne-grep ingaba:

grep -rw '/ruta_archivo' -e 'palabra'

Lapha, -r isebenzisa usesho oluphindaphindayo, -w isesha kuphela ukufana kwamagama okuphelele, futhi -e ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze iphethini okufanele uyifune.Uma ufuna ukukhipha izinhlobo ezithile zamafayela, ungasebenzisa:

grep --exclude='*.tipo' -rw '/ruta_archivo' -e 'palabra'

Ngale ndlela, Uzishaya indiva ezinye izandiso ongazithandi ukuzibuyekeza.Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu kuma-directory ahlanganisa ama-binary, izithombe, amafayela esikhashana, namafayela ombhalo.

Uma kwenzeka ufuna sesha ngegama lefayela kuphela hhayi ngokuqukethweKhumbula ukuthi i-find iyithuluzi elifanele. Ngesakhiwo esilula njenge:

find . -name "archivo.tipo"

Ungadlula kufolda yamanje ngendlela eyehlayo nephindaphindayo ufuna ifayela elithile, ubone ngokushesha indlela eqondile lapho likhona bese ulihlela ngomhleli wakho owuthandayo.

Ukusesha umbhalo ku-Linux ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-terminal

Nakuba umugqa womyalo unikeza ukulawula okunonya, abanye bakhetha yenza usesho oluthile endaweni enemifanekisoikakhulukazi uma usaqala nge-Linux noma uma nje ukuthole kulula kakhulu.

Kuma-desktops afana ne-GNOME, i-KDE noma afanayo, I-file explorer ifaka injini yokusesha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. okukuvumela ukuthi ufake igama futhi uthole amafayela aqukethe noma lawo amagama awo ahambisana nombhalo ofakiwe.

Empeleni, ungakwazi Vula imenenja yefayela, hamba uye kufolda lapho ufuna ukusesha khona, chofoza isithonjana sengilazi yokukhulisa, bese uthayipha igama olifunayo.. Nawe ungakwenza Dala izinqamuleli ku-Linux ukufinyelela ngokushesha amafolda asetshenziswa njalo.

Nakuba ingafinyeleli ezingeni lokuguquguquka elinikezwa yi-grep, i-find, noma i-ack, le ndlela isasebenza. Ilungele kakhulu ukusesha okusheshayo noma kubasebenzisi abangafuni ukuthinta i-terminal, futhi ihlangana kahle nomsebenzi wansuku zonke wendawo yezithombe.

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinketho, zombili ezisuselwe ku-graphical kanye ne-console, uzobe une Wonke amathuluzi adingekayo okusesha umbhalo kumafayela e-Linux kanye neziqondisi ngaphandle kokulahleka phakathi nenqubo, kusukela kulogi evamile enamaphutha kuya kukhodi yephrojekthi enkulu enamafayela angamakhulu.

Ukusesha umbhalo kahle ku-Linux ukuze kusebenze ngokushesha

Ukuba nemiyalo efana grep, thola, awk, sed, kanye ne-ack kukunikeza inzuzo enkulu lapho uzulazula kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nenani elikhulu lolwazi.Ithuluzi ngalinye lifeza umsebenzi walo: i-grep ithola amaphethini ngaphakathi kwamafayela, i-find ithola amafayela neziqondisi ezifanele, inqubo ye-awk ne-sed kanye nokuguqula umbhalo, futhi i-ack isheshisa umsebenzi ezihlahleni zekhodi.

Njengoba usujwayela ukusebenzisa la mathuluzi, Imisebenzi eyayivame ukuthatha imizuzu noma ngisho namahora incishiswa ibe yimizuzwana embalwa.Futhi ukusebenza ngamalogi, ukucushwa, noma ikhodi yomthombo kuba lula kakhulu. Ekugcineni, kumayelana nokufaka kancane kancane le miyalo ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke ukuze ibe yinto evamile.

Akunandaba ukuthi uvela ku-Windows, macOS, noma ubulokhu usebenzisa i-Linux iminyaka eminingi: Ukufunda ukusesha umbhalo ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwamafayela kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo kungenye yamakhono ozowasebenzisa kahle kusukela ngosuku lokuqala..