Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Multiple GPU Rendering kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo

Uma usebenza ngezithombe ze-3D, imidlalo yevidiyo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuklama, ngokushesha noma kamuva uzibuza ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani inzuzo ama-GPU amaningi asebenza ngasikhathi sinyeUmqondo wokusabalalisa umthwalo womsebenzi phakathi kwamakhadi ehluzo amabili noma ngaphezulu (noma phakathi kwe-iGPU ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-GPU ezinikele) uyakhanga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho izikhathi zokubonisa ziqala ukuphakama kakhulu.

Inkinga ukuthi akwanele ukufaka amakhadi amabili ehluzo kubhodi lomama bese ulindela umlingo: udinga ngempela ukusizakala Ukunikeza i-GPU eningi ku Izinhlelo zokusebenza ehambisanayo Kuya ngesistimu yokusebenza, abashayeli (NVIDIA, Intel, njll.), injini yehluzo (Direct3D, OpenGL, I-Vulkan ne-Vulkan ComputeFuthi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kusukela kusofthiwe yokuhumusha uqobo. Sizohlukanisa konke okwaziwayo kusukela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni kanye nezibonelo zangempela, futhi sikugcwalise ngendlela esetshenziswa ngayo njengamanje ezinjinini ze-GPU eziningi njenge-Redshift, i-Octane, kanye ne-Cycles.

Kuyini ukuhumusha kwe-Multiple GPU futhi kungani kubalulekile?

Uma sikhuluma ngokuhumusha kwe-Multiple GPU, sibhekisela ekusebenziseni ama-GPU amabili noma ngaphezulu ukusheshisa ukucubungula ihluzo, kungaba ngesikhathi sangempela (imidlalo, ababukeli be-3D) noma ekubonisweni ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (ifilimu, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo, izithombe ezinyakazayo). Ezingeni elisebenzayo, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezindlela ze-multi-GPU ezilawulwa umshayeli, njengezindlela zendabuko. Izindlela ze-NVIDIA ze-Direct3D ne-OpenGLKwezinye izimo, umlawuli unquma ukuthi uzowusabalalisa kanjani umthwalo phakathi kwamakhadi amaningana omkhiqizo ofanayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinjini zokuhumusha zanamuhla zilawula ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwama-GPU amaningi ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Esimweni sokuqala, uhlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi ama-GPU amaningana sebenzisanani ukuze niveze isigcawu esifanayoLokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-3D zokuzijabulisa noma ukusetshenziswa kobungcweti. Esimweni sesibili, isofthiwe (isibonelo, i-Redshift noma i-Octane) isabalalisa amathayili noma amasampula phakathi kwama-GPU atholakalayo, ifinyelela ukukhuliswa kwesivinini okukhulu lapho iphrojekthi nokucushwa kufaneleka.

Okwenza le ndlela ibe mnandi ngempela ukuthi ukwenziwa kwe-GPU, ngokungafani nokwenziwa kwe-CPU, kuklanyelwe ukwenza sebenzisa izinkulungwane zama-cores ngokufanayoUma uphinda-phinda inani lama-GPU, ukuthuthuka kungaba izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nekhadi elilodwa kwezinye izindlela zokusebenza zobungcweti.

I-Multi-GPU ku-NVIDIA Control Panel

Kuzinhlelo ezinama-GPU amabili noma ngaphezulu e-NVIDIA, i-Control Panel inikeza izinketho ezithile zokuvumela nokulungisa Imodi ye-Multi-GPU kumapulatifomu angenayo i-SLI yakudalaLe ngxenye ibalulekile kulabo abasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Direct3D ne-OpenGL ezihambisana namaphrofayili omshayeli.

Ngaphakathi kwe-NVIDIA Control Panel, ngaphansi kwesigaba se- Ukucushwa kwe-3DIsigaba esibizwa ngokuthi “Setha Ukucushwa Kwe-Multi-GPU” noma “Setha Ukucushwa Kwe-Multi-GPU” siyavela, kuye ngenguqulo yomshayeli. Leli khasi livulwa kuphela uma uhlelo luthola okungenani ama-NVIDIA GPU amabili asebenzayo.

Inqubo eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa imodi ye-multi-GPU ilula kakhulu. Esihlahleni sokuzulazula ngakwesobunxele, ukhetha Setha ukucushwa kwe-multi-GPU Futhi, endaweni eyinhloko, ukhetha inketho efanelana kahle nokusetshenziswa ofuna ukukunikeza imishini yakho: izikrini ezengeziwe, ukusebenza okwengeziwe kwe-3D, noma ukukhubaza imodi.

Uma ukucushwa okufiswayo sekukhethiwe, umshayeli ubonisa i- isibonisi sezithombe se-GPU kanye ne-topology yokubonisaLokhu kukhombisa ukuthi yimaphi amakhadi abhangqiwe ukuze asebenze ndawonye, ​​ukuthi yimaphi anezibonisi ezisebenzayo, nokuthi ukusheshisa kwe-multi-GPU kuhamba kanjani phakathi kwawo. Akukho lutho oluqala ukusebenza uze uchofoze okuthi "Faka isicelo," ngakho-ke lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ukuze izinguquko zenzeke.

Lesi sibonisi sibonisa nokuthi yiziphi izixhumi ezivuliwe noma ezikhutshaziwe nokuthi yiziphi izikrini ezisebenzayo, okuwusizo kakhulu ku- amalaptop noma iziteshi ezinezindawo zokubeka imikhumbi, lapho ngezinye izikhathi isixhumi esibonakalayo Le oyisebenzisayo ayifani nale ocabanga ukuthi i-GPU iyayilawula.

Izinketho zokucushwa kwe-Multi-GPU ku-NVIDIA

Ikhasi le-NVIDIA Control Panel elinama-GPU amaningi alikhawulelwe ekushintsheni okulula kokuvula/ukuvala, kodwa linikeza eziningana ukucushwa okunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesikriniIzinketho eziyinhloko ezivame ukuvela yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ithuba lokuthi khubaza imodi ye-multi-GPUKule modi, wonke ama-GPU asebenza ngokuzimela, akuvumela ukuthi ulawule izibonisi eziningi kusuka ekhadini ngalinye ngaphandle kokuthi abambisane ekwenzeni isigcawu esifanayo. Lokhu kuyasiza uma ubeka phambili ukuba nezibonisi eziningi kunokusebenza okuphezulu emidlalweni noma ku-3D.

Enye inketho "Isikrini Esibanzi Esine-Surround," evumela hlanganisa izikrini eziningi endaweni eyodwa yedeskithophuukudala umbono obanzi wemidlalo yesikrini esigcwele noma ukwandisa indawo yokusebenza. Lapha, ukugxila kakhulu kulwazi olujulile kunokusebenza okungahleliwe.

Isethingi ethi “Khulisa ukusebenza kwe-3D”, ezimweni eziningi, iyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu ukusebenza ngayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana ne-Multiple GPU RenderingLokhu kungenxa yokuthi izama ukukhulisa ukubambisana kwe-GPU ekubonisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-3D. Uma ikhethiwe, umshayeli uxhumanisa amakhadi angasebenza ndawonye futhi abonise ibha ye-multi-GPU kusibukeli esiwaxhumanisayo.

Ekugcineni, inketho ethi “Vuselela zonke izikrini” igxile ku sebenzisa wonke ama-monitor Uma kungenzeka, zama ukugcina ukusheshiswa kwe-multi-GPU. Lolu khetho luyindawo ephakathi kokusebenza nokuguquguquka, ikakhulukazi ekucushweni okunemiphumela eminingi yevidiyo.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, isibukeli sokucushwa kwe-GPU sisebenza njengomhlahlandlela obonakalayo wokuqonda ukuthi zinjani izikrini ezihleliwe kanye nomthwalo wokunikezaukuze ukwazi ukulungisa i-topology ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zakho ezithile, kungaba ngemidlalo, ukulingisa, noma ukubona ngesobungcweti.

Ukukhetha isikrini esiyinhloko kanye ne-GPU "ephakathi"

Uma unama-GPU amaningi e-NVIDIA kanye nama-monitor amaningi axhunyiwe, ukumane uvule ama-GPU amaningi akwanele: kubalulekile futhi ukunquma Yisiphi isikrini esizoba yisona esiyinhloko sokudlala imidlalo kanye nokukhishwa okusheshayo?Lokhu kulawulwa ekhasini elithi “Setha izibonisi eziningi” ku-NVIDIA Control Panel.

Kuleso sigaba, ungacacisa ukuthi iyiphi imonitha ofuna ukuyisebenzisa ukubuka umdlalo wakho we-3D noma uhlelo lokusebenza esikrinini esigcwele. I-GPU ehlotshaniswa naleso simonitha ibhekwa njenge I-GPU Eyinhloko, kuyilapho ezinye ziziphatha njengezikrini zesibili ezisebenzisana noma ezizinikele ekubonisweni okusizayo.

Uma isikrini osikhethayo njengesibonisi sakho esiyinhloko singaphakathi kweqembu le-multi-GPU, siba yi- isibonisi esiphakathi se-multi-GPULokhu kusho ukuthi ukusheshisa okugcwele kwe-SLI noma imodi ye-multi-GPU yomshayeli kusetshenziswa kuleso sibonisi lapho kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikrini esigcwele ezisekela uhlelo.

Uma kungekho zibonisi eqenjini le-multi-GPU ezimakwe njengezokuqala, isilawuli sizozenzela isinqumo ngokwaso bese sikhetha isibonisi sokubonisa imidlalo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshisiwe. Lesi yisimiso sangaphakathi, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukulawula okuhle Kunconywa ukuthi kutholakale ngokusobala ukuthi iyiphi i-monitor eyinhloko.

Le mininingwane ingase ibonakale incane, kodwa ithonya ngqo indlela umthwalo osakazwa ngayo kanye yiliphi ikhadi eligcina lidweba isithombe sokugcinaEzindaweni zokusebenza ezinezikrini eziningi, ukunikezela isikrini esisodwa ukuba sibe isikrini "esiphakathi" sokunikeza bese ushiya ezinye ukuze kubukwe okwesibili noma ku-interface kungasiza kakhulu ekuqiniseni ukusebenza.

Ukunikeza ama-GPU amaningi ezinjini zobungcweti

Ezweni lokukhiqiza kwe-3D kobungcweti, i-Multiple GPU Rendering isikhulile kakhulu. Izinjini ezifana ne-Redshift, i-Octane, i-V-Ray GPU, i-Iray, i-FStorm, i-Eevee, kanye ne-Cycles ziyithuthukisile kahle. ukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye kwamakhadi ehluzo amaningi ukunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokukhipha.

Umqondo ulula: esikhundleni sokushiya wonke umthwalo wemfanelo kumshayeli, injini yokubonisa ithatha izintambo futhi isabalalise umthwalo womsebenzi phakathi kwama-GPU. Ikhadi ngalinye licubungula ingxenye yesehlakalo noma isethi yamasampula, bese injini ihlanganisa imiphumela. Lokhu kuhunyushwa ku- phinda isivinini ngo-5 noma ngo-10 mayelana nokusebenza nge-GPU eyodwa emisebenzini eminingi yobungcweti.

Izinkampani ezinkulu kulo mkhakha, njenge I-Maxon (i-Redshift) noma i-Otoy (i-Octane)Batshale imali eningi ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwe-multi-GPU, kangangokuthi imikhiqizo yabo isibe yizindinganiso zangempela zama-studio e-animation, abaklami be-3D, abaculi abazimele, kanye nabenzi bamabhayisikobho abafuna ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinjini ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-CPU renderer akudala ngoba Basebenzisa kangcono i-mass parallelization lokho okunikezwa yi-GPU yesimanje. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-CPU iyanyamalala kulesi sibalo, kodwa ithatha indima yokuhlanganisa kanye nemisebenzi elandelanayo, kuyilapho amakhadi ehluzo enza umsebenzi onzima wokulandelela imisebe kanye nokufiphaza.

Ake sibone ukuthi ezinye zezinjini ze-Multi-GPU ezaziwa kakhulu zihlangana kanjani nokuthi yini izidingo ze hardware Kuhle ukukhumbula uma ufuna ukuthola okuningi kubo eqenjini lakho.

I-Redshift: Ukwenziwa Kwe-Multi-GPU Ehlukile Nokukhiqiza

I-Redshift yazalwa ngo-2012 inomgomo oqondile kakhulu: ukunikeza injini yokukhiqiza I-GPU isheshisiwe futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwangokukhanya komhlaba wonke okunobandlululo kanye nezici ezazibonwa ngaphambilini kuma-renderer e-CPU kuphela. el tiempoYaba yingxenye yomndeni wakwaMaxon, ihlangana kahle neCinema 4D futhi igcina ukuhambisana neMaya, i-3ds Max, iHoudini, neKatana, phakathi kwabanye.

Ngokuphathelene nehadiwe, i-Redshift incoma ukuthi okungenani ube nayo I-16 GB ye-RAM ohlelweni kanye ne-Core i7 noma i-Xeon CPU efanayo, ku-3.0 GHz noma ngaphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi osele awudonsi ngenkathi i-GPU isebenza isikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza.

Ingxenye ebalulekile, vele, yikhadi lehluzo. I-Redshift ithembele ku-CUDA, ngakho-ke incoma ama-GPU e-NVIDIA anama-core e-CUDA. Amandla Okubala angu-7.0 noma ngaphezulu Futhi kungcono nge-10 GB noma ngaphezulu ye-VRAM. Abadlali begeyimu nochwepheshe bavame ukubheka ububanzi be-Quadro, Titan, noma i-GeForce RTX, obunezela nehadiwe ezinikele yokulandelela imisebe.

Ukuze kuzuze ngempela i-Multiple GPU Rendering, i-Redshift iyayisekela kalula. ukucushwa kwe-multi-GPUEqinisweni, ezitudiyo eziningi kuvamile ukusetha izindawo zokusebenza ezinamakhadi angu-4, 6 noma 8, okulinganisela isabelomali phakathi kwama-GPU, i-CPU, i-motherboard kanye nomthombo wamandla okwaziyo ukusingatha umthwalo.

Uma isabelomali sakho siphansi kakhulu, ungaqala nge-GPU eyodwa bese uthuthukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Injini isikali cishe ngokuqondile Uma ungeza amakhadi engeziwe, inqobo nje uma indawo oyenzayo ingangeni emikhawulweni ye-VRAM noma ye-bandwidth yesistimu.

I-OctaneRender: injini ye-spectral engachemile ku-GPU

I-OctaneRender ingenye ye- izinjini zokuqala zokunikeza ezingachemile neziqondile Isekelwe ngokuphelele kwi-GPU. Yasungulwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-Refractive Software, owasungulwa nguTerrence Vergauwen (odumile nge-LuxRender), futhi kamuva yathengwa ngu-Otoy ngo-2012, ngokusekelwa yi-Autodesk. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iye yathuthuka ukuze inikeze ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-3D.

Phakathi kwamathuluzi ahambisanayo kukhona i-3ds Max, i-Maya, i-Cinema 4D, i-Houdini, i-Daz Studio, i-Unreal Engine, nezinye izinhlelo eziningi, okwenze i-Octane yaba yi- ingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi, kusukela ekufanekiseni okungaguquki kuya kuma-cinematic kanye nokuboniswa kwezakhiwo.

Ngokuphathelene nezidingo, i-Octane nayo isekelwe ku-CUDA, ngakho idinga i-NVIDIA GPU ene-Compute Capability 3.0 noma ngaphezulu, futhi, Imemori yevidiyo engu-10 GB noma ngaphezulu ukusebenza ngezigcawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuba semkhawulweni we-VRAM njalo.

Ngokuphathelene ne-RAM yesistimu, batusa okungenani i-16 GB ukugwema izithiyo lapho ulayisha izigcawu ezinkulu, ukuthungwa okunesinqumo esiphezulu, noma izikhonkwane zokukhanyisa. Empeleni, noma ubani owenza umsebenzi wobungcweti omkhulu uvame ukuya ngqo ku-32 GB noma ngaphezulu.

I-Octane futhi ikala ngokumangalisayo ngama-GPU amaningiLokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukwakha amandla ekhompyutha angempela ngamakhadi amaningi e-RTX noma inhlanganisela yamakhadi e-RTX, i-Titan, ne-Quadro. Njengase-Redshift, izindleko zokuqala zingaba phezulu, kodwa ukonga isikhathi sokukhiqiza ekugcineni kukhokhela lokhu emikhiqizweni yobungcweti.

I-Eevee kanye ne-Cycles: I-GPU tandem kaBlender

Kuhlelo lwesofthiwe yamahhala, i-Blender isibe yisilinganiso esiphelele sokudalwa kwe-3D, futhi elinye lamandla ayo ukuthi ifaka [izici ezahlukahlukene] njengejwayelekile. izinjini ezimbili zokunikeza ezisheshisiwe ze-GPUU-Eevee no-Cycles. Ukuziqhathanisa cishe kuyinto evamile, ngoba zimelela amafilosofi amabili ahlukene.

I-Eevee yenzelwe i- ukuboniswa kwesikhathi sangempela Ngezindlela zesimanje zokushintsha ama-raster, ilungele i-previs, ihluzo zokunyakaza, ukugqwayiza okusheshayo, nanoma yisiphi isimo lapho isivinini kanye nokusebenzisana kuqala kunokunemba okuphelele kokulandelela imisebe.

Ama-cycle, ngokwawo, ayinjini ye- ukulandelela imisebe ngendlela engokoqobo kakhuluIfaneleka kangcono kakhulu ekubonisweni kokugcina okunokukhanya okungokoqobo, izithunzi ezithambile, nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ihamba kancane kune-Eevee, kodwa ikhiqiza imiphumela esezingeni eliphezulu ngaphandle kokudinga izinsiza eziningi. tricks komthunzi.

Ngokuphathelene nehadiwe, iBlender itusa okungenani i-RAM yesistimu engu-16 GB kanye ne-CPU engu-64-bit quad-core ukuze isebenze kahle. Ku-GPU, iphakamisa ukuthi... okungenani i-4 GB ye-VRAMKodwa-ke, ngezigcawu ezinkulu kungcono ukuba nememori yehluzo eningi kakhulu ukuze unganciki kakhulu ku-RAM yesistimu.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olungcono kakhulu, sincoma ukuthuthukela ku-32 GB ye-RAM, i-CPU engu-8-core, kanye ne-GPU ene-12 GB ye-VRAM noma ngaphezulu, okungcono i-RTX noma i-Quadro yesimanje. I-Blender iyasekela ama-GPU amaningi emijikelezoukuze ukwazi ukwengeza amakhadi engeziwe ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokudweba samafreyimu okugcina kanye nezithombe ezinde.

I-FStormRender: isizukulwane esilandelayo sokwenziwa kwe-GPU okungachemile

I-FStormRender iyinjini encane kakhulu ethole udumo ngokunikeza Ukuhumusha okungokoqobo kakhulu, okungachemile okunohlelo lokusebenza olululaOkwamanje, igxile ku-3ds Max, ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile okusiza ukusetshenziswa kwawo wonke amathuluzi abalulekile ohlelo lokusebenza.

Izici zayo zifaka phakathi imephu yethoni ethuthukisiwe, ama-shaders okubonisa acwebezelayo acwebezelisiwe kakhulu, imiphumela yokukhanya okukhanyayo, ukusampula kokukhanya okuphumelelayo, kanye I-ray tracer ethuthukisiwe ngesampula ye-QMC elungiselelwe kahleKonke kuhloselwe ukufeza izithombe ezithinta kakhulu umbono ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinkinga ngemingcele engaqondakali ngokweqile.

I-FStorm ifaka i-scene converter ekwazi ukuguqula ukusethwa kwe-Corona, i-Octane, noma i-V-Ray kube yifomethi yangaphakathi yenjini, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisa amapayipi amisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini iyasebenza. interactivoUngashintsha ukukhanya, izinto zokwakha, ikhamera, noma ezinye izinto eziningi ngesikhathi sokudweba bese ubona izinguquko cishe ngokushesha.

Udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo ze-geometry zesikhathi sangempela noma ucindezele inkinobho yokulayisha kabusha uma ushintsha i-geometry, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukuhamba komsebenzi kubushelelezi kakhulu kunokwezinjini zendabuko ezisekelwe ku-CPU. Ukusekelwa kwama-GPU amaningi nakho kufakiwe, ukuze ungeze amandla endaweni yakho yokusebenza njengoba kudingeka.

Ngokuphathelene nezidingo, i-FStorm iphakamisa okungenani i-16 GB ye-RAM yesistimu kanye ne-NVIDIA GeForce GPU ochungechungeni lwe-GTX noma lwe-RTX, okunikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi intengo, amandla aluhlaza kanye nokuhambisanaInketho yokusebenzisa ama-GPU amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhona uma umsebenzi udinga lokho.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Iyini i-Piglit ku-OpenGL: umhlahlandlela ophelele onomlando, abashayeli, nezinguqulo

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.