Indlela yokunikeza Ubuntu ukubukeka nokuzizwa kwe-macOS isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma usebenzisa i-Ubuntu nsuku zonke kodwa ukhangwa ukwakheka okuhle nokuncane kwamakhompyutha e-Apple, unenhlanhla: Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwe-Ubuntu lubukeke lufana kakhulu ne-macOS. ngaphandle kokukhokhela amalayisense, ngaphandle kokushintsha uhlelo lokusebenza Futhi ngaphandle kokuhlanya ngokulungiselelwa okungenakwenzeka. Ngamathuluzi ambalwa akhethwe kahle, izingqikithi, kanye nezandiso, ungafinyelela ideskithophu efana kakhulu neye-Mac yesimanje.

Umqondo awukona ukuhlanganisa iphikseli yesistimu ye-Apple ngephikseli, ngoba lokho akudingeki futhi akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa Sebenzisa amakhono amakhulu okwenza ngokwezifiso e-Linux ukuze ulingise ulwazi olubonakalayo nolusetshenziswa yi-macOSUzoshintsha indawo yedeskithophu, ufake itimu ye-GTK yesitayela se-Mac, wengeze iphakethe lesithonjana eliphefumulelwe yi-macOS, ulungise amafonti, bese uqedela ukusetha ngedokhi efana kakhulu neyakwa-Apple. Sizohamba igxathu negxathu, kodwa yonke imininingwane ukuze ungaphuthelwa lutho.

Ukukhetha indawo efanele yedeskithophu: I-GNOME Shell

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyiqonde ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-desktop e-Linux "angalungiswa" ngendlela efanayo. Ukuze uthole ukubukeka okukholisayo kwe-macOS, i-GNOME Shell iyindlela enconywa kakhulu.Ngoba isekela izingqikithi ze-GTK ezithuthukisiwe, izandiso ezinamandla, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okubonakalayo okuhlanzekile kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo ezifana ne-Unity, MATE, noma i-Cinnamon zivumela izinga elithile lokwenza ngokwezifiso, kodwa zilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, azihambisani ngokugcwele nezinye zezikhumba esizozisebenzisa.

I-GNOME Shell ivelele ngoba Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele kabusha amaphaneli, amamenyu, izandiso, nezinqamuleli ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi kunezinye izindawo zedeskithophu. Ilula kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuhambisana kahle nefilosofi yokuklama ye-macOS. Uma usasebenzisa inguqulo ye-Ubuntu enemvelo ehlukile yokuzenzakalelayo, kufanelekile ukufaka i-GNOME ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele izinketho zayo zobuhle.

Ukuze ulungiselele konke, udinga izingcezu ezimbili eziyisisekelo: I-GNOME Shell uqobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo Ithuluzi le-GNOME Tweak (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “ama-Tweaks” noma “ama-GNOME Tuning”)Leli thuluzi lizokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kalula izingqikithi ze-GTK, ushintshe izithonjana, ushintshe amafonti, futhi usebenzise izandiso, ngaphandle kokuhlela amafayela ngesandla.

Ezinguqulweni zesimanje ze-Ubuntu esezivele zifaka i-GNOME ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile Uzodinga kuphela ukufaka i-GNOME Tweak Tool kusuka kuma-repositoriesKumasistimu amadala, njenge-Ubuntu 16.04, kungadingeka ushintshele ku-Unity uye ku-GNOME noma ungene ngemvume kuseshini entsha nge-GNOME Shell njengedeskithophu yakho. Uma usungene ngemvume ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, uzobe usebenza ku-Ubuntu nge-GNOME, usukulungele ukuqala ukuyiguqula ibe yinto efana kakhulu ne-macOS.

Noma ngabe iyiphi inguqulo oyikhethayo, khumbula lokho Izindikimba zamanje kakhulu ziqondiswe ku-GNOME 3.20 noma ngaphezuluLokhu kusho ukuthi uma ufuna ukusebenzisa izindikimba ezithile zesitayela se-Mac, uzodinga okungenani izinguqulo ze-Ubuntu 16.10 noma zakamuva ezifaka i-GNOME kulelo gatsha noma inguqulo yakamuva.

Faka futhi usebenzise itimu ye-GTK enokubukeka nokuzwakala kwe-macOS

Uma usune-GNOME Shell kanye ne-GNOME Tweak Tool esebenza, isinyathelo esikhulu esilandelayo yilesi Shintsha itimu ye-GTK yesistimu ibe yileyo elingisa ubuhle be-macOS.Yilapho ideskithophu iqala khona "ukuzizwa" njenge-Mac: amafasitela anemiphetho ethambile, amamenyu acacile, imibala efanayo, kanye nezilawuli ezinomuzwa ojwayelekile.

Phakathi kwezindikimba ze-GTK eziphefumulelwe yi-macOS, Enye ye-GNOME OS X II GTK eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ecwebezelisiwe kakhuluAkuyona ikhophi eqondile yephikseli ngayinye yohlelo lwe-Apple, futhi ayizenzisi, kodwa ingenye yemiklamo ehlanganiswe kahle kakhulu futhi eklanywe ngokucophelela yokunikeza i-Ubuntu bakho ukubukeka "okufana ne-Mac". Ihlonipha umbala okhanyayo, izinkinobho, kanye nomuzwa ophelele wedeskithophu ye-Apple.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqalise, kufanelekile ukukhumbula imininingwane eyodwa yobuchwepheshe: Le timu yakhelwe ukusebenza kahle kuzinguqulo ze-GNOME 3.20 noma ngaphezuluFuthi, lokhu kucabanga ukuthi kufanele usebenzise i-Ubuntu 16.10 noma kamuva. Uma usasebenzisa i-Ubuntu 16.04 ene-Unity noma inguqulo endala ye-GNOME, kungcono ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho noma ukufaka inguqulo yakamuva ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezibonakalayo noma amaphutha amancane.

Inqubo evamile ivame ukufana kunoma iyiphi itimu ye-GTK: Okokuqala, landa ifayela elicindezelwe letimu kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni noma endaweni yokugcina.Uyayivula bese ukopisha ifolda ephumayo kufolda efanele kufolda yakho yasekhaya. Kuma-theme afakwe umsebenzisi wakho kuphela, isayithi elijwayelekile liyi ~ / .themes (okungukuthi, ifolda efihliwe ethi ".themes" ngaphakathi kwefolda yakho ethi Ikhaya). Uma ingekho, ungayidala ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Uma itimu isikopishiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuyisebenzisa: Vula i-GNOME Tweak Tool, iya esigabeni esithi “Ukubukeka” bese ukhetha itimu ye-GTK esanda kufakwaUkuyisebenzisa kuzoshintsha ngokushesha ukubukeka kwamafasitela, amamenyu, izinkinobho, kanye nengxenye enkulu yesixhumi esibonakalayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Ubuntu izoqala ukubukeka ihluke kakhulu, inomuzwa ohlukile ophefumulelwe yi-macOS, kodwa sisaphuthelwa ezinye izinto ezibalulekile.

Isethi yesithonjana sesitayela seMac: ifaka i-La Capitaine

Itimu ye-GTK ishintsha isisekelo sedeskithophu, kodwa Izithonjana ziyisisekelo ukuze yonke into ifane ngempela ne-macOS.Amafolda, iziqalisi zohlelo lokusebenza, izinqamuleli zesistimu… konke lokhu kunegalelo ekuhambisaneni kokubona, njengoba ubuchopho bakho buzihlobanisa nomklamo we-Apple. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona namaphakethe ezithonjana aklanywe kahle atholakalayo ngale njongo.

Enye yezinto ezinconywa kakhulu njengamanje La CapitaineIsethi yezithonjana ze-Linux eziphefumulelwe yi-macOS kodwa zenzelwe ngqo uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNU/Linux. Ayigcini nje ngokufaka izithonjana ze-Apple ngqo, kodwa kunalokho... Idala izinguqulo ezivumelaniswe nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Linux.Ngesikhathi ngigcina leso sitayela esihlanzekile, esinemibala, nesibonakalayo sezithonjana ze-macOS.

Ngokungafani namanye amaphakethe amboza izinhlelo ezimbalwa kuphela, I-La Capitaine inikeza ukumbozwa okubanziLokhu kuyaziswa, njengoba kuvimbela izithonjana ezindala noma ukuxubana okungajwayelekile kwezitayela ukuthi kungaveli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le phrojekthi ivulekile ngokuphelele, ngakho ungayibuyekeza, uyishintshe, noma unikele ngezithonjana zakho uma uthanda.

Ukuyifaka, inqubo ifana kakhulu neyezindikimba ze-GTK: Landa i-La Capitaine, khipha ifayela, bese ukopisha ifolda enezithonjana kufolda yakho ye-~/.icons.Uma ungakadali ifolda ethi ".icons" kufolda yakho ye-Home, yidale kuqala. Yilapho i-GNOME izofuna khona amasethi ezithonjana ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zomsebenzisi wakho.

Uma amafayela esekhona, vula kabusha i-GNOME Tweak Tool, iya esigabeni sokubonakala, bese uya esigabeni se-Icons, Khetha isethi ye-La Capitaine njengetimu yesithonjana sakho esizenzakalelayoUma usuyisebenzisile, uzobona ukuthi izithonjana kumenyu yohlelo lokusebenza, idokhi yakho, ideskithophu, kanye nezinye izinsiza eziningi zesistimu zishintsha kanjani, kufinyelela ukubukeka okufana kakhulu nalokho okubonayo ku-Mac.

Lungisa ukuthayipha kwesistimu ukuze kufane kakhulu ne-macOS

Ubuhle be-macOS abuxhomekile nje kuphela ezindikimbeni nasezithonjeni; Ukuthayipha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomuzwa "wokusebenzisa i-Mac"I-Apple ibilokhu iqaphela kakhulu amafonti ohlelweni lwayo: iminyaka eminingi isebenzisa i-Lucida Grande njengohlobo lwayo lokubhala oluyisisekelo, futhi ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze-macOS, ishintshele kufonti yaseSan Francisco, eyenzelwe ngqo amapulatifomu ayo.

Ku-Ubuntu asinawo lawo mafonti ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa Yebo, sinezinye izindlela ezifanayo ezifanelana kahle nesibonisi sesitayela se-Mac.Enye yalezi yifonti yeGaruda, efana kakhulu nezinhlobo zokubhala ezisetshenziswa yi-Apple ngokwezilinganiso nokufundeka. Ngokushintshela kufonti efana nale, amamenyu, izihloko zamafasitela, kanye nombhalo wesistimu kubukeka njenge-macOS.

Indlela yokushintsha amafonti ilandela umqondo ofanayo: Vula i-GNOME Tweak Tool bese uya esigabeni esithi “Amafonti”.Ukusuka lapho, ungalungisa ifonti yesistimu esetshenziselwa ama-windows, amadokhumenti, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-monospace (njengabahleli bekhodi), kanye nesibonisi esiphelele. Khetha i-Garuda (noma ifonti efanayo, ehlanzekile uma ingatholakali) bese usebenzisa izinguquko.

Uzokuqaphela lokho Itimu ye-GTK, izithonjana, kanye nesethi yefonti sekuqala ukuhambisana kangcono kakhulu.Umbhalo ubonakala ubushelelezi, izinhlamvu zinobukhulu obukhululekile bokufunda, futhi ngokubona, ulwazi lufana kakhulu nalokho ongakuthola usebenzisa i-Mac yangempela. Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi imininingwane emincane, ukunaka lesi sici kwenza umehluko ngokusobala emphumeleni wokugcina.

Engeza idokhi yesitayela se-Mac nge-Dash ku-Dock

Uma kukhona into eyodwa ephawulekayo ye-macOS wonke umuntu ayiqaphela ngokushesha, yi-dock engezansi enezinqamuleli zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuze uqedele ukuguqulwa kwe-Ubuntu kube yinto efana kakhulu ne-macOS, udinga idoko elinamandla neliguquguqukayo.Ku-GNOME, indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokufeza lokhu ukusebenzisa isandiso esibizwa ngokuthi i-Dash to Dock.

I-Dash to Dock ithatha i-"dash" yokuqala ye-GNOME (iphaneli eseceleni lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyintandokazi ziqoqwe khona) futhi Lokhu kwenza kube yidokhi engenziwa ngezifiso ngokugcweleUngayibeka phansi kwesikrini, ulungise usayizi wayo, unqume ukuthi iyacasha ngokuzenzakalelayo, ushintshe imibala yangemuva, ukungabonakali, nokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivulekile ziboniswa kanjani, phakathi kwezinye izinketho eziningi.

Ukuze ufake lesi sandiso, unezinketho eziningana kuye ngenguqulo yakho ye-Ubuntu ne-GNOME, kodwa umgomo ukuthi I-Dash to Dock izovela esigabeni sesandiso se-GNOMEUma usunayo, kufanele uyivule bese ideshi izoba yidokhi ngokuzenzakalelayo efana kakhulu neyakwi-macOS, ikakhulukazi uma uyibeka phansi bese ulungisa ukubukeka ngendlela oyithandayo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Vula i-GNOME Tweak Tool, iya ku-“Extensions” bese usesha i-Dash to DockUkusuka lapho ungafinyelela zonke izinketho zayo. Esigabeni sokubonakala, ungashintsha umbala wangemuva, ukucaca, usayizi wesithonjana, kanye nokuziphatha kwegundane. Ngokulungisa kahle la mapharamitha, ungafinyelela idokhi eyimfihlo nenhle efana kakhulu naleyo oyibona kuma-desktop e-Mac.

Uma uhlanganisa idokhi netimu ye-GTK yesitayela se-macOS, isethi yesithonjana se-La Capitaine, kanye nohlobo lokuthayipha olulungisiwe, Ideskithophu yakho izoqala ukungabonakali uma iqhathaniswa ne-Ubuntu ejwayelekile.Uzoba nendawo esebenzayo nelula, enokuqina kwe-Linux kanye nobuhle abasebenzisi abaningi ababuhlanganisa namakhompyutha e-Apple.

Amanye amathuluzi nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ku-Ubuntu

Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo eziyinhloko, ungaqhubeka kancane uma ungomunye walabo abajabulela ukulungisa yonke imininingwane. I-Ubuntu ne-GNOME zinikeza amathuba amaningi engeziwe okuqhubeka nokucwebezela ukubukeka "okufana ne-Mac".hlala ugcina ukuzinza futhi ngaphandle kokwenza impilo yakho ibe nzima kakhulu.

Uma uvela kwezinye izindawo zedeskithophu noma uthanda ukuzama, ungase ube nesithakazelo sokwazi lokho Kungenzeka futhi ukufaka nokuhlola ezinye izindawo zedeskithophu njenge-KDE Plasma ku-Ubuntu.Nakuba umhlahlandlela wethu ugxile ku-GNOME Shell ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nezindikimba zesitayela se-macOS, i-KDE ingenye indawo enamandla kakhulu esekela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okujulile, amaphaneli esitayela sedokhi, izindikimba ezikhanyayo nezimnyama, kanye namawijethi amaningi. Ngeke ifane ncamashi nomsebenzi we-GNOME, kodwa ivula umnyango wokulungiselela okudala kakhulu; isibonelo, kukhona ukusatshalaliswa okususelwe kokunye okufana nokuthi Pop! _OS ezenza kube lula lezi zivivinyo.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukuze kufezwe ubuhle be-macOS obuthile esibufunayo lapha, indlela eqondile kakhulu ihlala iyileyo esesiyibonile kakade: I-GNOME Shell + itimu ye-GTK yesitayela se-Mac + izithonjana ze-La Capitaine + ifonti efanelekile + I-Dash to DockUkusuka lapho, ungadlala ngokulungiswa okuncane njengokuma kwezinkinobho zewindi, izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, noma ngisho nama-animation, uma ihadiwe yakho ivumela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuguquguquka.

Isici esithakazelisayo sale nqubo yonke ukuthi Awushintshi uhlelo lwakho ngaphakathi, ushintsha ungqimba olubonakalayo kuphelaUbuntu buseyi-Ubuntu: amaphakheji, umphathi wesofthiwe, izibuyekezo, namathuluzi ajwayelekile kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhathala ukubukeka okufana ne-Mac, ungabuyela kalula ku-timu ezenzakalelayo noma uzame izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokusebenza, ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha amadala njengalawo asasebenzisa i-Ubuntu 16.04 noma efanayo, Kungcono ukuba nokulinganisela ngezandiso nemiphumela yokubuka.Itimu ye-GTK nezithonjana azifaki umthwalo owengeziwe, kodwa kusengumqondo omuhle ukugwema izithombe ezinyakazayo noma ukucaca okudinga kakhulu. Nokho, kumakhompyutha amaningi anamuhla, ulwazi nge-GNOME kanye nalezi zilungiselelo luzoba bushelelezi ngokuphelele.

Ekugcineni, into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuthi Ikuvumela ukuthi uzizwe umuzwa wokusebenzisa i-macOS mahhala, ngokomthetho, futhi uguquke ngokupheleleUma ubulokhu ukhangwa yindawo ye-Apple kodwa ungafuni ukuthenga i-Mac, noma umane ufisa ukushintsha indawo ngaphandle kokuyeka i-Ubuntu, lena yindlela enhle yokuhlola ezinye izinto ezinhle.

Ngemva kokuqeda yonke le nqubo, uzoba nedeskithophu ye-Ubuntu ene-GNOME enetimu ye-GTK yesitayela se-macOS, izithonjana ze-La Capitaine, amafonti afana ne-Apple, kanye nedokodo elifana kakhulu nedokodo lokuqala le-Mac ngenxa ye-Dash to Dock; Ngale nhlanganisela, uthola indawo yokusebenza ebukeka kahle, ehambisanayo, nesimanje egcina ukuqina kweLinux ngenkathi uyigqokisa ngendlela abantu abaningi abahlobanisa ngayo ne-macOS.Futhi ukwenza ngamathuluzi alula, amahhala okulula ukuwaguqula noma nini lapho uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukushintsha ukubukeka.

I-athikili ehlobene:

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Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.