Indlela yokubhala nokuphatha abashayeli abavela ku-PowerShell ku-Windows

Ezimweni zeWindows, lawula ukuthi yimaphi abashayeli abafakiwe nokuthi iyiphi inguqulo ngayinye inayo Kuwukhiye ekugcineni ukuqina kwesistimu, ukuxazulula inkinga kwezikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ukulungiselela ukufuduka. I-PowerShell isiphenduke ithuluzi elisebenziseka ngendlela emangalisayo lokwenza lolu hlobo lokusungula ngaphandle kokudlula kuMphathi Wedivayisi ngamunye ngamunye.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzobona Uzibhala kanjani izilawuli ezivela ku-PowerShell ngezindlela ezehlukene, nokuthi uzithekelisa kanjani emafayilini ukuze awahlaziye ngomoya ophansi, yimuphi umehluko okhona nabanye imiyalo njengoba indawo yokushayela noma amathuluzi ezithombe, kanye nendlela yokusingatha izimo ezithuthuke kakhulu njengezithombe ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi noma abashayeli abalayishwe ngamandla.

Yini umshayeli futhi kungani ungafuna ukuyifaka ohlwini kusuka ku-PowerShell?

Ku-Windows, isilawuli noma umshayeli ibhulokhi encane yesofthiwe esebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza kanye nengxenye ye hardware (ikhadi lehluzo, i-chipset, isitorejiama-peripherals USBnjll.). Nakuba ikhodi abakuyo ingenkulu kakhulu, umthelela wabo ekuzinzeni kwesistimu mkhulu kakhulu.

Lapho umshayeli obalulekile (isibonelo, isitoreji, inethiwekhi, ihluzo noma i-chipset) ukungasebenzi kahle, kungabangela ukuphahlazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza ngisho izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (BSOD)Kungakho ukuba nohlu olucacile lwabashayeli abafakiwe kanye nenguqulo yabo kusiza kakhulu lapho ulungisa iziphazamisi noma ulungiselela isibuyekezo esikhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ujahe ukushintsha, ukukhipha, noma ukuhlehlisa abashayeli, kuwumqondo omuhle nciphisa ubungozi ngendawo yokubuyisela uhleloNgale ndlela ungakwazi ukubuyela emuva uma isibuyekezo somshayeli sihluleka futhi ikhompuyutha iqala ukuziphatha ngendlela exakile noma ingaqali ngisho nokuqalisa kahle.

Ngaphezu kwendawo yokudlela, kuyancomeka gcina idatha ebalulekile (amadokhumenti, izithombe, amaphrojekthi omsebenzi, njll.), ikakhulukazi uma uzothinta abashayeli besitoreji, ngoba iphutha lingabangela ukuthi uhlelo lungakhwezi amadrayivu ngendlela efanele noma lonakalise ulwazi.

Umyalo oyisisekelo ku-PowerShell wokufaka ohlwini abashayeli abafakiwe

Indlela eqondile kakhulu yokuthola isilawuli sokusungula ku-PowerShell ngu thembela ku-WMIOmunye wemiyalo esetshenziswa kakhulu yile:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion

Ngale cmdlet, I-PowerShell ibuza ikilasi leWMI leWin32_PnPSsignedDriver futhi ibuyisela uhlu lwamashayeli e-PnP asayiniwe, kanye negama ledivayisi kanye nenguqulo yomshayeli uhlelo oluhlotshaniswa nayo manje.

Uma ufuna umongo owengeziwe mayelana nomshayeli ngamunye, ungangeza izinkambu ezifana ne igama elinobungane, idethi yokushicilela, noma umkhiqizi. Isibonelo:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, FriendlyName, Manufacturer, DriverVersion, DriverDate

Ngalokhu kubonisana, uzothola Ulwazi oluningi oluphelele lokufakwa ngakunyeLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izinguqulo ezindala, abakhiqizi abathile, noma izishayeli ezingakabuyekezwa eminyakeni edlule.

Indlela yokuthekelisa uhlu lwabashayeli efayeleni (TXT noma CSV)

Ezilungiselelweni zomhlaba wangempela, ukubuka nje uhlu esikrinini akuvamile ngokwanele. Indlela elula kakhulu yile... gcina umphumela efayeleni ukuyihlaziya ku-Excel, ukwabelana ngayo nethimba, noma ukuyigcina njengesifinyezo sesimo sohlelo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko, isibonelo, ngaphambi susa abashayeli abadala.

Uma udinga kuphela uhlu lombhalo ongenalutho olusheshayo, ungaqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo kufayela:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion > C:\drivers.txt

Lowo myalo udala ifayela C:\drivers.txt ngedivayisi elula nohlu lwenguqulo. Ilungele ireferensi esheshayo noma ukunamathisela embikweni ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi.

Uma ufuna okuthile okulawuleka kakhudlwana kokuhlunga nokuhlunga, inketho engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa I-CSV kanye ne-Export-CSV cmdletIsibonelo esivame kakhulu kungaba:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, FriendlyName, DriverVersion, DriverDate | Export-CSV -Path "./MisDrivers.csv" -NoTypeInformation

Ngalo myalo, ifayela eliqanjwe igama I-MyDrivers.csv ongavula ku-Excel noma kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwesipredishithi hlunga ngenguqulo, hlunga ngedethi yomshayeli, sesha abakhiqizi abathile, Njll

Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa i-PowerShell "ayikuvumeli ukuthumela ngaphandle" uhlu lwabashayeli, empeleni Yebo, ingathunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuphelele. Usebenzisa ukuqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo noma Thumela-i-CSV, njengoba usanda kubona. Bese ungakopisha, unamathisele, noma usebenze ngalolo lwazi nomaphi lapho ufuna.

Hlunga abashayeli ngomkhiqizi, igama, noma umbhalo othile

Ngokuvamile, ngeke ufune ukubona zonke izishayeli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kunalokho gxila kumkhiqizi othile noma uhlobo lwedivayisi. Ngalokho, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izihlungi nge-How-Object mayelana nezakhiwo zomshayeli ngamunye.

Isibonelo, uma ungathanda ukugcina abashayeli kuphela IntelUngenza into elula njengokuthi:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion | Where-Object { $_.DeviceName -like "*Intel*" }

Lo myalo uphindaphinda kukho konke okufakiwe okubuyiswe yi-WMI kanye Igcina kuphela labo abagama ledivayisi yabo liqukethe iyunithi yezinhlamvu ethi "Intel"Ukusebenzisa inkanyezi njengekhadi lasendle kukuvumela ukuthi useshe ukufana okungaphelele noma yikuphi embhalweni.

Umbono ofanayo ungasetshenziswa ukuthola abashayeli abahlobene nohlelo oluthile noma uhlobo lwehadiwe, isibonelo buyekeza abashayeli be-USBUma wazi ingxenye yegama, umenzi, noma iphethini ethile yomzila, ungakwazi lungisa isihlungi endaweni enethezeke kakhulu esimweni ngasinye.

Buka izishayeli ezivela kuSiphathi Sedivayisi namanye amathuluzi e-Windows

Yize i-PowerShell inamandla kakhulu ekuzenzeni nasekuthumeleni izinhlu, iWindows isanikeza amathuluzi egraphical wakudala wokuphatha abalawuli okufanele kwaziwe futhi kuhlanganiswe nendlela yomyalo.

Iphuzu lokuqala lokubhekisela yi- Umlawuli wedivayisiLokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokuchofoza kwesokudla ku-"Le PC" nokukhetha okuthi "Phatha," noma ngokushesha usebenzisa imenyu yokuqukethwe yenkinobho yokuqala (Windows + X). Lapho uzobona isihlahla esinazo zonke izigaba zehadiwe ezifakwe ohlelweni.

Amadivayisi anezinkinga zokufaka noma zokusebenza avame ukuvela nawo isithonjana esiphuzi esiyisixwayisoUma uchofoza kabili kunoma iyiphi yazo, iwindi lezakhiwo liyavuleka, lapho ungabheka khona isimo sedivayisi futhi ufinyelele ithebhu ethi "Driver".

Ngaphakathi kwaleyo thebhu uzothola izinketho ezifana "Imininingwane yomshayeli", "Buyekeza umshayeli", "Roll back driver", "Khubaza" noma "Khipha"Lezi zenzo zikuvumela ukuthi ubuke amafayela omshayeli, useshe izinguqulo ezintsha, ubuyele enguqulweni yangaphambilini, ukhubaze idivayisi ngaphandle kokuyikhipha, noma ususe ngokuphelele umshayeli ohlelweni.

Ngokungeziwe kulawa mathuluzi, iWindows ihlanganisa umyalo indawo yokushayela ukusebenzisa kusuka ku- ngokushesha komyalo (I-CMD). Ukugijima driverquery Uzothola uhlu lwabo bonke abashayeli abafakiwe, futhi nge driverquery /v Uzobona ulwazi oluningiliziwe, olufana nokusetshenziswa kwememori, idethi yokwakha, noma isimo.

i-driverquery kanye nobudlelwano bayo ne-PowerShell

Umyalo we-driverquery uvumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi uvumela Buka ukubukwa okuhlukile kwesimo somshayeliIsibonelo, uma ufuna ukufaka ohlwini abashayeli abasayiniwe kuphela ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, ungaqalisa:

driverquery /si

Le modi iyabonisa abashayeli abasayiniwe ngolwazi olwengeziwe oluwusizo ukuhlola ukuphepha noma ukuhlolwa kobuqotho. Futhi ungakwazi njalo ukubonisana driverquery /? ukuze ubone wonke amapharamitha atholakalayo futhi ulungise okukhiphayo ngokwezidingo zakho.

Enye yezinzuzo ze-driverquery ukuthi Ungayihlanganisa ne-PowerShell usebenzisa i-ConvertFrom-CSVUma ukhiqiza okukhiphayo ngefomethi ye-CSV futhi uyipayipi, uzothola izinto ezingashintshwa ku-PowerShell. Isibonelo sakudala singaba:

driverquery.exe /v /fo csv | ConvertFrom-CSV | Select-Object "Display Name", "Start Mode", "Paged Pool(bytes)", Path

Nalokhu uhlanganisa Amandla okushayela nge-PowerShell data manipulationUkukhetha kuphela amakholomu owathandayo: igama lesibonisi, imodi yokuqalisa, imemori ephejiwe, nendlela yomshayeli kudiski. Lokhu kuyasiza uma ufuna ukuhlunga ngezinhlobo ezithile, njenge abashayeli bezithombe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokubili imibuzo yokushayela kanye nemibuzo ethile evamile ye-WMI igxila kakhulu kukho abashayeli ababhaliswe ohlelweni, eziningi zazo zilayishwe ku ibhuthini noma ephethwe ngokubhalisa ku-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services. Abanye abashayeli abajovwe ngokushintshashintshayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza bangase bangaveli kulolu hlu.

Faka ohlwini abashayeli abavela ku-PowerShell nge-Get-WindowsDriver

Ukuze uthole izimo ezithuthuke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nazo Izithombe zeWindows ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (ngokwesibonelo, ama-WIM akhweziwe), i-cmdlet iwusizo kakhulu Thola-WindowsDriver, okuyingxenye yamathuluzi e-DISM afinyeleleka ku-PowerShell.

Le cmdlet ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise ulwazi mayelana namaphakheji omshayeli akho kokubili ukufakwa kweWindows okusebenzayo kanye nesithombe esifakwe kufolda. I-syntax eyinhloko ihlukaniswe yaba izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa: okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-inthanethi.

Kokunye isithombe esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi sifakwe kufoldaIfomu elijwayelekile lizoba:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline"

Futhi ukusebenza ngokumelene nesistimu esebenzayo, uzosebenzisa ipharamitha -Ku-inthanethi:

Get-WindowsDriver -Online

Ngaphandle kwemingcele eyengeziwe, Thola-WindowsDriver ibuyisela uhlu lwabashayeli bezinkampani zangaphandle ekhona esithombeni. Uma ungeza isilungisi - KonkeUzobona abashayeli abazenzakalelayo abafakwe ngokuzenzakalela ku-Windows.

Amapharamitha angukhiye we-Get-WindowsDriver

Enye yepharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu -Umshayeliokuvumela ukuthi ucacise ifayela elithile le-.inf noma ifolda yamafayela we-.inf Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngalabo bashayeli. Uma ukhomba ifolda, amafayela .inf angewona amaphakheji omshayeli avumelekile azitshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma usebenza ngesithombe esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ipharamitha -Indlela icacisa umgudu wempande wesithombe esikhweziwe. Uma ifolda ye-Windows ingalungile kulelo zinga lempande, ungasebenzisa -I-Windows Directory ukucacisa ifolda engaphansi ehlobene lapho itholakala khona.

Ipharamitha -SystemDrive Isetshenziswa ezimweni eziqondile, njengalapho usebenza ku-Windows PE futhi umphathi we-boot ekuhlukaniseni okuhlukile. Kulezi zimo, isebenzela ukucacisa idrayivu equkethe amafayela e-BootMgr okufanele anikezwe.

Mayelana nelogi yomsebenzi, ipharamitha -LogPath Ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze indlela ephelele yefayela lokungena. Uma ungayilungisi, kusetshenziswa indlela ezenzakalelayo. %WINDIR%\Logs\Dism\dism.lognoma ku-Windows PE, isikhala sokuklwebha ku-RAM. Okwamanje, -LogLevel inquma i-verbosity yelogi, ngamavelu asukela emaphutheni nje kuya kufaka phakathi ulwazi lokususa iphutha.

Ekugcineni, ipharamitha -Scratch Directory Lena ifolda yesikhashana lapho amafayela akhishwa khona ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesevisi. Kufanele kube indlela yendawo futhi, uma umsebenzi usuqedile, i amafayela wesikhashana Ziyasuswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zingashiyi nsalela.

Izibonelo ezisebenzayo nge-Get-WindowsDriver

Ukuze ubone ngokushesha zonke izishayeli zokufakwa kwakho kweWindows kwamanje, ungaqalisa:

Get-WindowsDriver -Online -All

Lo myalo uzobonisa bonke abashayeli (kokubili isistimu kanye neqembu lesithathu) ekhona esithombeni esisebenzayo. Kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokubona ukuthi imaphi amaphakheji afakiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-WMI noma Isiphathi Sedivayisi.

Uma usebenza ne-a isithombe sifakwe ku-C:\okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi Futhi uma ufuna kuphela ukuhlola abashayeli bezinkampani zangaphandle, ungenza lokhu okulandelayo:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline"

Uma ufuna umbiko onemininingwane womshayeli othile we-OEM ngaphakathi kwaleso sithombe, vele ucacise ifayela elithi .inf:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline" -Driver "OEM1.inf"

Ungakwazi ngisho nokufinyelela ifayela le-.inf elitholakala endleleni ethile yomshayeli, isibonelo:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline" -Driver "C:\drivers\Usb\Usb.inf"

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, I-Get-WindowsDriver ibuyisela izinto ongayiphayipha uye ku-Khetha-Into, Lapho-Into noma Thumela-i-CSV ukuze uhlunge, uhlele noma uthumele ulwazi kufomethi ekufanele kakhulu.

I-PowerShell ne-SCCM: Thola-CMDriver kumakhathalogi abashayeli

Lapho uphatha indawo yebhizinisi nge I-Configuration Manager (SCCM)Awunayo nje intshisekelo kubashayeli bekhompuyutha ngayinye, kodwa futhi kukhathalogi emaphakathi yabashayeli i-SCCM eyigcinayo ukuze ikhiphe izithombe namaphakheji.

Kulowo mongo, i-cmdlet iqala ukusebenza. Thola-CMDriver, Lokho kuyasebenzela Buyisa ulwazi kusuka kumashayeli edivayisi aphethwe uMphathi WokucuphaLe cmdlet inamasiginesha amaningana kuye ngokuthi yini ofuna ukuyibuza: ngegama, ngenkomba yezinombolo, ngephakheji yomshayeli, noma ngesigaba sokuphatha.

I-syntax eyisisekelo ihlanganisa okuhlukile okufana nalokhu:

Get-CMDriver

Get-CMDriver -DriverPackageId <String>

Get-CMDriver -DriverPackageName <String>

Get-CMDriver -Id <Int32>

Get-CMDriver -InputObject <IResultObject>

Ngala mapharamitha ungakwazi ukuqondisa imibuzo yakho kukhathalogi ye-SCCM, ukuhlunga ngokuthi igama lomshayeli, isihlonzi, amaphakheji ahlobene, noma izigaba zokulawula ozichazile ukuhlela izilawuli zakho.

Izibonelo nge-Get-CMDriver

Uma ulazi igama lomshayeli othile, isibonelo "I-Surface Serial Hub Driver", ungathola imininingwane yalo ngokuthi:

Get-CMDriver -Name "Surface Serial Hub Driver"

Uma udinga ukuhlola abashayeli abaningana ababelana ngesiqalo esifanayo egameni labo (njengawo wonke umndeni womshayeli we-Surface) futhi ufuna ukubona izakhiwo ezifanele kuphela, ungasebenzisa into efana nale:

Get-CMDriver -Fast -Name "Surface*" | Select-Object LocalizedDisplayName, DriverVersion, DriverDate

Isilungisi - Ngokushesha Yehlisa inani lolwazi olubuyisiwe futhi isheshisa umbuzo, obonakala kahle kumakhathalogi amakhulu. Bese, nge-Select-Object, Ugcina kuphela amakholomu awusizo kuwe ukuhlaziya kwakho.

Uma uphatha izigaba zokulawula (isibonelo, isigaba "Esingaphezulu" lapho uqoqa khona zonke lezo zilawuli), ungahlanganisa isigaba kanye nokubuyiswa komshayeli ngale ndlela:

$category = Get-CMCategory -Name "Surface"
Get-CMDriver -Fast -AdministrativeCategory $category

Kulesi simo, uqala ngokugcina isigaba kokuguquguqukayo bese ucela i-Get-CMDriver ukuthi ikubuyisele yona. zonke izilawuli ezihlobene naleso sigaba, okuthile okuwusizo kakhulu ekugcineni ukubukwa okunengqondo kwabalawuli bakho ku-SCCM.

Imikhawulo lapho kufakwa ohlwini abashayeli abalayishwe ngamandla

Akubona bonke abashayeli abaziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kukhona amathuluzi, njengamanye ku-suite. Ama-Sysinternals (isibonelo, i-Process Explorer noma i-handle.exe)ejova abashayeli ku-kernel lapho bebulawa, ngaphandle kokubhalisa njengamasevisi endabuko alayishwa ekuqaleni.

Isibonelo esijwayelekile umshayeli procexp152.sys (noma izinguqulo zangaphambili ezifana ne-procexp113.sys), ezihlotshaniswa ne-Process Explorer. Lolu hlobo lomshayeli lungase lungabonakali emibuzweni evamile ye Get-WmiObject Win32_SystemDrivernjengoba le mibuzo incike olwazini oluvela kumasevisi okubhalisa (i-CurrentControlSet\Services) futhi ngokuvamile ibonisa abashayeli abalayishwe ngohlelo.

Ngokufanayo, i-driverquery ingase ingafaki ohlwini bonke abashayeli abajovwe ngamandlaNgakho-ke uma ulungisa ama-BSOD noma ukuziphatha okuxakile okubangelwa amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle alayisha abashayeli bawo, kungase kudingeke usebenzise ezinye izindlela.

Phakathi kwalezo zindlela ezihlukile kukhona hlola inkumbulo yokulahla izinhlamvu ngamathuluzi afana ne-WinDbg, noma sebenzisa izinsiza ezifana verifier.exeIsiqinisekisi somshayeli sikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe abashayeli ofuna ukubaqapha futhi uthole ukuziphatha okungazinzile, kodwa isixhumi esibonakalayo esinesithombe sinikeza izinketho eziningi zokubala kunenguqulo yomugqa womyalo, egxile ekubuzeni nasekulungiseni ukuqinisekiswa.

Ngamafuphi, kuhlu olujwayelekile kanye nezidingo eziningi zokuphatha, I-PowerShell, i-WMI, ne-Get-WindowsDriver ihlanganisa izisekelo kahle kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu zokulungisa amaphutha abashayeli abalayishwe ngokushisayo, uzodinga ukungeza ngamathuluzi okuhlaziya i-kernel.

Buyekeza abashayeli nge-PowerShell usebenzisa i-PSWindowsUpdate

Ngaphezu kokufakwa ohlwini kwabashayeli, abalawuli abaningi basebenzisa i-PowerShell ukuze ngokuzenzakalela izibuyekezo zomshayeli nge I-Windows Update futhi futhi nge buyekeza abashayeli bomsindoIndlela eyodwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ngemojula ye-PSWindowsUpdate, enweba i-cmdlets yokuvuselela ejwayelekile.

Ukugeleza okuvamile kudlula vumela okwesikhashana ukwenziwa kwemibhalo esayiniweFaka imojuli bese ucela izibuyekezo zomshayeli ngokuqondile kumaseva e-Microsoft.

Isethi ejwayelekile yemiyalo ingaba:

Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy Bypass
Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate
Import-Module PSWindowsUpdate
Get-WindowsUpdate
Get-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -Category Driver -Install -AutoReboot

Lokhu kulandelana kunika amandla ukukhishwa kweskripthi seseshini yamanje, ukufakwa nokungenisa imojula ye-PSWindowsUpdate, Uyahlola ukuthi yiziphi izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo. Futhi ekugcineni, ucela ukuthi afakwe esigabeni esithi "Driver" nge-Microsoft Update, okuvumela uhlelo ukuthi luqale kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kunesidingo.

Ungakwazi futhi ukwandisa ububanzi ngokusebenzisa umyalo ofaka zonke izibuyekezo ezitholwe ku-Microsoft Update bese uqala kabusha ngaphandle kokungenela, isibonelo:

Get-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -Install -AutoReboot

Le ndlela yokusebenza iyasebenza kakhulu ku amapaki amaqembu amakhuluLapha yilapho ufuna ukumisa izinguqulo zomshayeli ngaphandle kokuhamba ngakunye. Kodwa-ke, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlanganisa lokhu nohlu lwangaphambili oluhle lwabashayeli futhi, ezindaweni ezibucayi, hlola eqenjini lokuhlola ngaphambi kokuthumela kuyo yonke inhlangano.