Indlela yokubhala amafayela namafolda nge-VeraCrypt isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma usebenza ngolwazi olubucayi kukhompyutha yakho noma uphatha idatha ku-USB drive yonke indawo, ngokushesha noma kamuva uzozibuza ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani... Bethela amafayela namafolda nge-VeraCrypt Ukuze kungabikho muntu ongabona ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Kulezi zinsuku, ukulahlekelwa yi-laptop, i-USB drive, noma ukuba nomuntu ofinyelela isitoreji sakho samafu kungaba yinto eshaqisayo uma leyo datha ingavikelwe ngokubethela okuqinile.

I-VeraCrypt isibe ngelinye lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu kukho konke lokhu: imahhala, ivulekile, futhi isebenza ku-Windows, Linux, kanye ne-macOS. Kulesi sihloko, uzobona, ngemininingwane eminingi, Indlela yokusebenzisa i-VeraCrypt ukubethela amafayela, amafolda, amadiski, kanye nama-USB driveYiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga enazo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho ezifana ne-BitLocker noma i-7-Zip, futhi kuziphi izimo lapho kufanelekile ukuyithatha futhi uyisebenzise mathupha kanye nasezinkampanini?

Kusukela ku-TrueCrypt kuya ku-VeraCrypt: kungani i-VeraCrypt inconywa namuhla

Iminyaka eminingi i-TrueCrypt yayiwuhlelo oludumile kakhulu lokubethela amadiski neziqukathi, kodwa Inguqulo yokugcina eqinile yayingo-2012 futhi iphrojekthi yayekwa.Ngo-2014, abathuthukisi bathumela isaziso kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni esibonisa ukuthi bayayeka ukulungisa, bephakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-BitLocker ku-Windows noma kwezinye izixazululo ku-Linux naku-macOS, futhi bexwayisa ngokuthi kungase kube namaphutha okuphepha angalungiswanga.

Inguqulo yokugcina ye-TrueCrypt (7.2) ivumela kuphela Ingakwazi ukususa ukubethela amavolumu amadala, kodwa ayisadali izitsha ezintsha ezibethelwe.Lokhu, kanye nokusolakala kobuthakathaka obungalungiswanga, kwenza kube inketho engahlakaniphile yokuvikela noma yini ebalulekile namuhla. Ngemva kokushiywa kwayo, iqembu elizimele labathuthukisi lathatha ikhodi lakha ifoloko: VeraCrypt.

I-VeraCrypt ithole isisekelo se-TrueCrypt kodwa iqhubekile nokuguquka: izinkinga zokuphepha sezilungisiwe, futhi kufakwe izici ezintsha. ukubethela okusha kanye nama-algorithms e-hashingUkusebenza kuthuthukiswe kakhulu futhi izici ezithuthukisiwe zifakiwe, zenzelwe abasebenzisi basekhaya kanye nezindawo zezinkampani.

Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ngokujulile ngokubethela ulwazi lwakho, isincomo samanje sicacile: Sebenzisa i-VeraCrypt njalo esikhundleni se-TrueCryptUnezinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe ze-Windows, Linux, kanye ne-macOS, ukwesekwa kwamakhono amaningi, kanye nomphakathi okhuthele kakhulu ngemuva kwakho.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-VeraCrypt zokubethela amafayela namafolda

I-VeraCrypt akuyona nje uhlelo lokuvikela iphasiwedi yefolda; iyi- i-suite ephelele kakhulu yokubethela idiski nevolumuLena imisebenzi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu, uma ibhekwa ngokuzindla okuzolile:

• Iziqukathi ezibethelwe kufayela elilodwaUngakha "idiski yefayela" ebethelwe (ivolumu) ozoyifaka njengokungathi iyidrayivu enye ohlelweni lwakho. Konke okukopisha kuyo kuzovikelwa. Kuhle kakhulu ukugcina amadokhumenti abucayi kufayela elilodwa, ukuwalayisha efwini, ukuwahambisa nge-FTP, noma ukuwagcina kudrayivu ye-USB noma idrayivu yangaphandle.
• Ukubethela amadrayivu e-USB, amakhadi e-SD kanye nama-hard drive angaphandleEsikhundleni sefayela elilodwa, i-VeraCrypt ingabhala ngemfihlo yonke iyunithiUma uxhuma idivayisi, iWindows izokutshela ukuthi idinga ukufomethwa; uyayikhansela bese uyifaka kusuka ku-VeraCrypt ngokufaka ukhiye.
• Ukubethela izingxenye ezithileUma ukhetha ukungayithinti yonke idiski, ungabhala ngemfihlo ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yediski noma i-USB bese ushiya ezinye zingabhalwanga ngemfihlo ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile.
• Ukubethela kwediski yesistimuKu-Windows, i-VeraCrypt iyakwazi bhala ngemfihlo ingxenye lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lufakiwe khona (noma idiski yonke). Uma uvula ikhompyutha, kuzovela isikrini esincane sokulayisha. ibhuthini ukukucela iphasiwedi yakho ngaphambi kokuthi iWindows iqale.
• Ukubethela kanye nokususa ukubethela ngesikhathi sangempelaYonke inqubo yokubethela yenzeka "ngokushesha," ngendlela esobala. Usebenza nedrayivu efakiwe njengenjwayelo, futhi iVeraCrypt iphatha ukubethela ekubhaleni nasekususeni ukubethela ekufundeni.
• Ukusheshisa ngu hardware nge-AES-NIUma iprosesa yakho isekela i-AES-NI, ukubethela kwe-AES kushesha kakhulu. Ama-CPU anamuhla afinyelela isivinini sokufunda/ukubhala esidlula kakhulu ese-hard drive uqobo, ngakho-ke umthelela wokusebenza uvame ukuba mncane kakhulu.
• Imiqulu efihliwe kanye nokuphikwa okunokwenzekaUngakha ivolumu efihliwe ngaphakathi kwenye ivolumuIphasiwedi "evamile" isetshenziswa ukufaka ivolumu yangaphandle; enye ehlukile isetshenziswa ukufaka ivolumu eyimfihlo yangaphakathi. Ngisho nochwepheshe wezobunhloli akakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona ivolumu efihliwe, okukuvumela ukuthi unikeze iphasiwedi "yokuyekethisa" ngaphansi kokucindezelwa.
• Ipulatifomu eminingiI-VeraCrypt isebenza ku-Windows, Linux, macOS, kanye ne-binary ye-FreeBSD nayo iyatholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomethi yevolumu iyahambisana nezinhlelo ezahlukene, ikuvumela ukuthi uhambise isitsha kusuka kwenye i-OS uye kwenye ngaphandle kwenkinga.
• Umthombo ovulekile futhi uhlolweLeli thuluzi liwumthombo ovulekile, linelayisensi evumelekile, futhi lidlulile ekuhlolweni okuzimele (i-QuarksLab, i-German BSI), into ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezilawulwayo.

Landa futhi ufake i-VeraCrypt ku-Windows, macOS, kanye ne-Linux

Indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu yokugwema izimanga ukulandwa njalo kwe-VeraCrypt kusuka ku-[umthombo/umthombo] wakho. ikhasi elisemthethweniKusukela esigabeni se- i-ascargas Ungalanda:

• Isifaki se- Windows (ngenketho evamile noma "ephathekayo").
• Amaphakheji e- Linux y macOS.
• Ikhodi yomthombo uma ufuna ukuyihlola noma ukuyihlanganisa wena.

Ku-Windows, ukusebenzisa isifaki kuvula i-wizard ejwayelekile lapho ukhetha khona ukuthi uyafuna yini Faka noma khipha kwimodi ephathekayoUma uhlelo lwakho luwukubethela ama-USB drive, ama-flash drive, namadivayisi afanayo, ngokuvamile kuwusizo ukukhipha inguqulo ephathekayo bese uyikopisha engxenyeni engabethelwe yedivayisi uqobo, ukuze ukwazi ukuyikhipha kunoma iyiphi i-PC ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini kabusha.

Kodwa-ke, uma uzobhala ngemfihlo idiski lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lukhona khonaUdinga ukufaka i-VeraCrypt usebenzisa indlela ejwayelekile ukuze ikwazi ukumisa i-bootloader kanye nenqubo yonke yokuqalisa. I-wizard ngokwayo isikisela ukudala idiski yokusindisa uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokubethela.

Ngemva kokufakwa, i-VeraCrypt ingakukhombisa i-akhawunti encane umhlahlandlela okokuqala Kunconywa kakhulu uma kungokokuqala uyisebenzisa: ichaza umehluko phakathi kweziqukathi ezibethelwe kanye nama-partitions, ukubethela idiski eligcwele, ama-algorithms atholakalayo, kanye namaphuzu abucayi okufanele uwacabangele.

Ku-macOS, kungadingeka ufake ingxenye eyengeziwe (njenge-OSXFUSE noma i-macFUSE) ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lukwazi ukufaka amavolumu adalwe yi-VeraCrypt. Ku-Linux, kuye ngokusatshalaliswa kwakho, uzoba namaphakheji enziwe ngaphambilini noma kuzodingeka usebenzise isifaki esijwayelekile.

Dala isitsha esibethelwe "esivamile" nge-VeraCrypt

Indlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-VeraCrypt ukudala i- ivolumu kufayelaNgamanye amazwi, iyidiski ebonakalayo ebethelwe elondolozwe njengefayela elilodwa ohlelweni lwakho. Ingasetshenziswa ukubethela amafolda namadokhumenti athile, noma ukudala "i-safe" ephathekayo.

Inqubo, kusetshenziswa iWindows njengesibonelo, ilandela lo mqondo ojwayelekile (izikrini zingashintsha kancane kuye ngenguqulo nolimi, kodwa ukugeleza kuyafana):

1. Vula i-VeraCrypt bese uchofoza "Dala ivolumu" efasiteleni eliyinhloko ukuze uqale i-wizard.
2. Khetha “Dala isitsha sefayela esibethelwe” bese uya esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
3. Khetha "Ivolumu Ejwayelekile ye-VeraCrypt" (sizobheka ivolumu efihliwe kamuva) bese sichofoza okulandelayo.
4. Ku-"Indawo Yevolumu", chofoza ku- “Khetha ifayela…”Zulazulela kufolda lapho ufuna ukulondoloza khona isitsha (isibonelo, iDeskithophu noma idrayivu yangaphandle), thayipha igama lefayela, bese uqinisekisa. Ungakhethi ifayela elikhona; uchaza igama lesitsha esisha.
5. Khetha i- i-algorithm yokubethela elinganayoNgokuzenzakalelayo, i-AES iyaboniswa, okuyizinga elinconywayo njengamanje, ikakhulukazi uma i-CPU yakho isekela i-AES-NI. Ungasebenzisa inkinobho yokulinganisa ukuhlola ukuthi iyiphi i-algorithm esebenza kahle kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho. Bese ukhetha i- umsebenzi we-hash (I-SHA-512 noma i-SHA-256 ziyizinketho ezinhle, ezilinganisela ukuphepha nokusebenza) futhi iyaqhubeka.
6. Khombisa usayizi wevolumuYilapho unquma khona ukuthi ufuna idiski yakho ebonakalayo ebethelwe ibe nama-MB amangaki, ama-GB, noma ama-TB. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngokucophelela ngoba awukwazi ukuwandisa kamuva ngaphandle kokudala kabusha ivolumu.
7. Chaza ukuthi ukufinyelela kuzoqinisekiswa kanjani: ungasebenzisa iphasiwedi, a ifayela elingukhiye Noma hlanganisa kokubili. Indlela evamile ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi, kodwa ukuphepha kwandiswa kakhulu uma ufaka nefayela eliyisihluthulelo eligcinwe endaweni ehlukile.
8. I-VeraCrypt izokuxwayisa uma iphasiwedi yakho imfushane kakhulu noma ilula. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa umusho omude onezinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinhlamvu ezincane, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu, ongenalo uxhumano oluqondile nempilo yakho.
9. Khetha uhlelo lwefayela ngaphakathi kwevolumu: I-FAT noma i-exFAT zifanelekile uma ungeke ugcine amafayela amakhulu kuno-4 GB; uma uhlela ukugcina amafayela amakhulu noma uzowasebenzisa kuphela ku-Windows, I-NTFS Kuwusizo kakhulu; uma udinga ukushintsha kusuka ku- FAT32 umbuzo Indlela yokuguqula i-FAT32 ibe yi-NTFS ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha.
10. Chaza, uma uthanda, izinqubomgomo ezengeziwe zokuqinisekisa kanye nezinketho ezithuthukisiwe ngokwezidingo zakho.
11. Ngaphambi ifomethiUmsizi uzokucela ukuthi hambisa igundane ngokungahleliwe phezu kwefasitela imizuzwana embalwa. Lokhu kudala i-entropy futhi kuqinisa okhiye bangaphakathi bevolumu. Uma ibha yekhwalithi yokungahleliwe iphenduka ibe luhlaza, chofoza okuthi "Fometha" ukuze udale ivolumu ebethelwe.

Uma sekuqediwe, i-VeraCrypt izobonisa umlayezo wempumelelo futhi ungavala i-wizard. Ifayela lakho lesitsha selidaliwe futhi selilungele ukufakwa njenge-disk drive noma nini lapho ufuna.

Ukufaka nokukhipha ivolumu ebethelwe nge-VeraCrypt

Ukudala isitsha akwanele; ukuze usebenze ngaso kufanele hlanganisa njengeyunithi entsha yesistimu yamafayela. Lokhu kulula kakhulu:

1. Efasiteleni eliyinhloko le-VeraCrypt, khetha uhlamvu lwedrayivu yamahhala (isibonelo, “E:” noma “B:”).
2. Qhafaza “Khetha ifayela…” uma kuyi-container yefayela, noma ku-“Khetha idivayisi” uma kuyi-partition noma idiski.
3. Zulazulela kufayela le-.hc olidalile, ulikhethe, bese uqinisekisa.
4. Qhafaza "Faka"Iwindi lizovuleka licela iphasiwedi yakho (futhi, uma uyilungisile, ifayela eliyisihluthulelo kanye ne-PIM).
5. Faka iziqinisekiso zakho bese wamukela. Uma konke kulungile, i-VeraCrypt izofaka ivolumu, futhi uzobona uhlamvu olusha lwedrayivu luvela ku-"Le PC" kanye nohlamvu olukhethile.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uzosebenza naleyo yunithi njenganoma iyiphi enye: ungakwazi kopisha, hambisa, hlela futhi ususe amafayela namafolda Njengoba ufisa. Konke okungaphakathi kwevolumu kuzohlala kubethelwe kufayela lesitsha; ngaphandle kwalo, ngeke.

Uma usuqedile, ukuze uvale kahle isisefo mane nje uye ku-VeraCrypt bese uchofoza ku- "Qaqa" Ungayikhipha leyo drayivu noma "Ungayikhuphi yonke" uma ufuna ukuvala wonke amavolumu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma ingasuswanga, idrayivu iyanyamalala ohlelweni futhi idatha yakho ayifinyeleleki ngaphandle kwephasiwedi.

Amavolumu afihliwe ku-VeraCrypt: isivikelo esengeziwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi

Esinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu (futhi ezingaziwa kakhulu) zeVeraCrypt yikhono lokudala i- ivolumu efihliwe ngaphakathi komunye umqulu obethelwe. Inhloso icacile kakhulu: vikela idatha ebucayi kakhulu ngisho nasezimweni zokusongela noma ukuphoqelelwa.

Umqondo owusizo yilo: ivolumu "evamile" ivela njengefayela elijwayelekile elibethelwe. Uma othile ekuphoqa ukuthi wembule iphasiwedi, ungamnika ukhiye wevolumu yangaphandle, equkethe ulwazi olungabalulekile kodwa oluthembekile. Ngaphakathi kwalelo fayela elifanayo, endaweni ebonakala ingahleliwe, kungase kube nevolumu efihliwe efinyeleleka kuphela ngephasiwedi ehlukile.

Inqubo yokudala ivolumu efihliwe ifana kakhulu neyevolumu evamile, kodwa inezigaba ezimbili ezilandelanayo:

• Okokuqala, kudalwa ivolumu "yangaphandle" (ebonakalayo), kukhethwa usayizi, i-algorithm yokubethela, iphasiwedi, kanye nesistimu yefayela.
• Okulandelayo, umsizi uphakamisa ukuthi udale ivolumu efihliwe esikhaleni samahhala sangaphandle, ichaza usayizi owodwa (omncane), elinye isethi lama-algorithms uma ufuna, kanye nephasiwedi yesibili.

Uma sekudaliwe, konke kulenga kufayela elifanayo lesitsha. Uma ufaka:

• Uma ungena ku- iphasiwedi yevolumu yangaphandleLo mqulu uhlanganiswe nokuqukethwe kwawo "kokugcwalisa".
• Uma ubeka iphasiwedi yevolumu efihliweKuzofakwa ivolumu efihliwe kuphela, hhayi eyangaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala esanele kuvolumu yangaphandle ukuze ugweme ukubhala ngaphezulu ivolumu efihliwe. Isibonelo, uma ivolumu yakho yangaphandle ingu-50 MB kanti ivolumu efihliwe ingu-25 MB, akufanele ugcwalise ivolumu yangaphandle ngaphezu kuka-25 MB, njengoba lokhu kungonakalisa idatha efihliwe ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.

Bethela idrayivu ye-USB, ikhadi le-SD, noma yonke i-hard drive yangaphandle

Ngale kweziqukathi zamafayela, iVeraCrypt ivumela bhala ngemfihlo iyunithi ye isitoreji kususwa ngokupheleleLokhu kunconywa kakhulu kumadrayivu e-USB adluliselwa kusuka esandleni kuya kwesinye noma asetshenziswa ngaphandle kwehhovisi.

Iphethini evamile yile:

1. Xhuma idivayisi (i-USB, i-SD, i-hard drive yangaphandle) kukhompyutha.
2. Vula i-VeraCrypt bese uchofoza "Dala ivolumu".
3. Khetha inketho “Bethela i-partition/i-drive yesibili”njengoba kungeyona idiski yesistimu.
4. Nquma ukuthi kuzoba yini ivolumu evamile noma efihliweUkusetshenziswa okuvamile, okujwayelekile kuvame ukwanele.
5. Chofoza ku-“Khetha idivayisi” bese ukhetha ukwahlukanisa noma idrayivu ehambisana nedrayivu yakho ye-USB noma idrayivu yangaphandle. Hlola kabili uhlamvu lwedrayivu nosayizi ukuze ugweme ukukhetha idrayivu engalungile.
6. Khetha kokuthi: "Dala ivolumu ebethelwe bese uyifometha" (Isusa konke okuqukethwe kodwa ishesha) noma "Bethela ukwahlukanisa ngenkathi ulondoloza idatha" (Izama ukugcina idatha, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu).
7. Lungiselela ukubethela kanye nama-algorithms e-hash njengasesimeni sesitsha sefayela (i-AES + SHA-256 noma i-SHA-512 iyinhlanganisela evame ukusetshenziswa).
8. Khetha indlela yakho yokuqinisekisa (iphasiwedi kanye/noma ifayela lokhiye), hambisa igundane lakho ukuze ukhiqize i-entropy, bese uchofoza okuthi "Fometha." Khumbula ukuthi ukufometha kuzosusa konke okukuleyo drayivu.

Uma isiqediwe, iWindows izoyeka ukuqaphela okuqukethwe yidrayivu futhi izokucela ukuthi uyifomethe uma uzama ukuyivula kusuka ku-Explorer. Ungafomethi lutho kusukela lapho.Mane ukhansele, iya ku-VeraCrypt, khetha idrayivu ebonakalayo ku-"Khetha idivayisi", khetha uhlamvu olunengqondo bese uchofoza ku-"Faka" ufaka iphasiwedi yakho.

Uma usufakiwe, uzobona izinkomba ezimbili: uhlamvu olungokoqobo lwe-USB (isibonelo, u-E:, olumele idivayisi eluhlaza) kanye nohlamvu olunengqondo lwevolumu ebethelwe (isibonelo, u-F:), okuyilapho uzokwazi khona ukufunda nokubhala idatha ebethelwe.

Ukubethela idiski yesistimu nge-VeraCrypt ku-Windows

Kubasebenzisi abaphatha idatha ebucayi kakhulu noma izinkampani, isinyathelo esingathi sína kakhulu bhala ngemfihlo yonke ingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza (noma yonke idiski) nge-VeraCrypt. Lokhu kuvimbela othile ukuthi asuse idiski, ayifake kwenye ikhompyutha, futhi ayifunde ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Inqubo idinga ukucophelela okukhulu kunokubethela idrayivu ye-USB, ngoba iphutha noma ukucima kukagesi okungalindelekile kungabangela ukulahlekelwa uhlelo. Amaphuzu abalulekile yilawa:

• Yenza a isipele esigcwele kusukela kudatha yakho ngaphambi kokuqala, usebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Acronis, i-Macrium noma uhlelo lokuthwebula izithombe oluvame ukulisebenzisa.
• Ku-VeraCrypt, iya ku-"Dala ivolumu" bese ukhetha "Ifayela". “Bethela yonke ingxenye/idrayivu yesistimu”.
• Khetha phakathi kwemodi "Okujwayelekile" (ukubethela kwesistimu yakho yamanje) noma imodi "Kufihliwe" (uhlelo lokusebenza olufihliwe ngaphakathi kolunye, olwenzelwe izimo ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu zokuphika).
• Nquma ukuthi kufanele ubhale ngemfihlo kuphela ingxenye ye-Windows noma yonke idiski, futhi uma ikhompyutha inezinhlelo eziningi zokuqalisa, khetha uhlelo olufanele.
• Lungiselela ukubethela kanye nama-algorithms e-hashing, setha iphasiwedi yokuqalisa, bese udala idiski yokutakula okuvumela ukuthi ishaja ibuyiselwe uma kwenzeka izinkinga.
• Chaza, uma uthanda, izinqubomgomo ukusula okuphephile ngamafayela asuswayo ngaphakathi kwesistimu ebethelwe.
• Vumela i-VeraCrypt yenze ukuhlolwa kokuqalisa, futhi uma konke kuhamba kahle, qala inqubo ephelele yokubethela, engathatha isikhathi kuye ngobukhulu kanye nesivinini sediski.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, njalo uma uvula i-PC yakho, kuzovela umyalezo omncane we-VeraCrypt ngaphambi kokuba i-Windows iqale ukulayisha. Uma ukhohlwa leyo phasiwedi futhi ungenazo izipele noma idiski yokusindisa, uzolahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha yakho.Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuphatha lezi zikhiye ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Ezinye izindlela zokubethela amafayela namafolda ku-Windows naku-Linux

Nakuba i-VeraCrypt inamandla kakhulu, kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa i-VeraCrypt. Vikela amafayela namafolda ku-Windows ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka noma yini eyengeziwe, noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezilula ezimweni ezithile.

Ukubethela Okuhlanganisiwe kwe-Windows

Ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11 kukhona i- ukubethela kwezinga lefayela nefolda Lesi sici sifakiwe kwezinye izinhlelo. Kusuka ku-File Explorer, ungachofoza kwesokudla kufolda, uye ku-Properties > Advanced, bese ukhetha okuthi "Bethela okuqukethwe ukuze uvikele idatha." Amafayela azovela nesithonjana esincane se-padlock futhi azofundwa nguwe kuphela.

Le ndlela inemikhawulo: uma othile efinyelela iseshini yakho ngenkathi isiqalile, angakwazi vula lawo mafayela abethelwe nge-EFS ngaphandle kwezinkingaNgaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwezihluthulelo akunangqondo njengoba kufanele kube njalo, futhi akufanele ukwabelana ngeziqukathi ezibethelwe eziphathwayo phakathi kwamakhompyutha.

Ifayela le-ZIP libethelwe nge-7-Zip

Ezimweni ezilula kakhulu, njengokuthumela ifolda nge-imeyili enesivikelo esithile, ungasebenzisa 7-ZipIkuvumela ukuthi udale ifayela le-.7z noma le-.zip elivikelwe ngephasiwedi usebenzisa ukubethela kwe-AES-256. Ayibetheli amadiski noma izingxenye, kodwa iyakwenza lokho amafayela akhululekile noma amafolda athile masinyane.

Mane ukhethe amafayela, ukhethe okuthi "Engeza kungobo yomlando…", cacisa ifomethi, faka iphasiwedi eqinile, bese ukhetha indlela yokubethela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma ubani othola ifayela uzodinga iphasiwedi kanye nohlelo oluhambisanayo lokususa ukucindezela amafayela ukuze alivule.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Linux: I-LUKS kanye nokubethela idiski ku-Ubuntu

Ku-Linux, ukusatshalaliswa okuningi (njengo-Ubuntu) sekuvele kufaka izindlela zokubethela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Isibonelo, ithuluzi "Amarekhodi" Ku-GNOME, ungafometha idrayivu ye-USB ngokukhetha inketho yokubethela ehambisana ne-Linux (LUKS + Ext4). Ube usubeka iphasiwedi, bese yonke idivayisi ivikelwe.

Uma kunjalo, uhlelo luzocela iphasiwedi njalo uma uxhuma idrayivu ye-USB. Kuyindlela elula kakhulu uma usebenza ku-Linux kuphela, yize ingekho kalula ku-Windows noma ku-macOS njengesitsha se-VeraCrypt.

Izizathu zokubethela amafayela, amafolda, namadivayisi

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ingabe yonke le nkinga iyakufanelekela yini. Iqiniso liwukuthi, kunezimo eziningi zansuku zonke lapho Ukubethela idatha yakho kwenza umehluko omkhulu:

• Faka amafayela efwiniKungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho uhloniphekile kangakanani, ubuthakathaka, ukulungiselelwa okungalungile, noma ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kungavela njalo. Uma ulayisha idatha esivele ibethelwe nge-VeraCrypt, noma ngabe kukhona ukwephulwa kwedatha, bazobona kuphela umsindo ongaqondakali.
• Yabelana ngamakhompyuthaEkhaya noma emsebenzini, kuvamile ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningana babelane ngekhompyutha. Ukubethela ifolda noma ivolumu nge-VeraCrypt kuvimbela umuntu onokufinyelela ngokomzimba ekuhloleni amadokhumenti akho omuntu siqu.
• Zivikele I-malware kanye nabahlaseliUma amaTrojan ezama ukweba amadokhumenti, ukubethela kwenezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela. Uma umhlaseli engawutholi ukhiye wokususa ukubethela, amafayela ngeke abe usizo kuye.
• Ama-akhawunti abekwe engcupheniUma umhlaseli ekwazi ukufinyelela i-akhawunti ye-imeyili noma isevisi lapho ugcina khona amadokhumenti, Ukuzibethela kunciphisa kakhulu umonakaloAkwanele ukweba ifayela; udinga nesihluthulelo.
• Izibopho zomthetho nezokulawulaIzinhlangano eziningi zinesibopho ngokomthetho sokubhala ngemfihlo idatha yomuntu siqu eziyicubungulayo (impilo, imibono, ezezimali, njll.). Imithetho efana ne-GDPR eYurophu noma i-LOPD eSpain idinga izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokubethela amazinga athile engozi.
• Ukulahleka noma ukwebiwa kwamadivayisiAma-USB drive nama-hard drive aphathekayo ayalahleka futhi ebiwe kalula. Ukubethela okuqukethwe kunciphisa umthelela futhi kuwavimbele ekuweleni ezandleni ezingafanele.

Izingozi kanye nokungalungi kokubhala amafayela nge-VeraCrypt

Kungaba okungalungile ukufihla olunye uhlangothi: Ukubethela nakho kunezinkinga zako futhi kungcono ukuzazi ngaphambi kokuqalisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukhiyeLona ugibe olukhulu. Uma Ukhohlwe iphasiwedi yakho? Uma ulahlekelwa ifayela eliyisihluthulelo futhi ungenawo amakhophi, ukubethela kuzobe sekwenze umsebenzi walo kahle kakhulu: ngeke ukwazi ukubuyisa idatha yakho.
• Umthelela ekusebenzeniNakuba umthelela uncishiswa nge-AES-NI, ukubethela amavolumu amakhulu (ikakhulukazi kumishini emidala noma ngaphandle kokusheshisa ihadiwe) kungenza ukusebenza kwediski kube kancane.
• UkuhambisanaAkuzona zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzayo noma amadivayisi aqonda ngokwendabuko amavolumu e-VeraCrypt. Udinga isofthiwe (noma inguqulo yayo ephathekayo) ukuze ufake izitsha, okwenza izinto zibe nzima kancane ezindaweni ezingafani kakhulu.
• Ingozi yenkohlakaloNjenganoma iyiphi ivolumu, ukucima kukagesi, ukususwa ngokuzumayo kwedrayivu ye-USB ngenkathi ubhala, noma umonakalo ongokoqobo kungonakalisa isitsha esibethelwe. Uma i-volume header yonakele futhi ungenayo i-backup, ungalahlekelwa yikho konke okuqukethwe.
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisaUma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe njenge-BitLocker, I-VeraCrypt idinga ulwazi oluningi mayelana ne-curveikakhulukazi uma uhlola umhlaba wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifihliwe, i-PIM, amafayela ayisihluthulelo, njalo njalo.

I-VeraCrypt ebhizinisini: ukusetshenziswa, izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo

Ezweni lezinkampani, i-VeraCrypt isetshenziselwa okungaphezu nje kokubethela "amafolda amane". Ngenxa yayo... umthombo ovulekile, i-cross-platform, futhi iqinile ngokwe-cryptographicIzinhlangano eziningi ziyakwamukela njengengxenye ebalulekile yesu lazo lokuvikela idatha, ikakhulukazi ku- Amadivayisi eselula kanye nemidiya esuswayo.

Ezinye izimo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ama-laptops abasebenzi abakudeUkubethela yonke idiski kuqinisekisa ukuthi, uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa noma ukulahleka, ulwazi lwenkampani ngeke ludalulwe.
• Izipele zangaphandleAmadiski asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-backup angaphandle kwesayithi abethelwe nge-VeraCrypt, ngakho-ke uma othile ewathola, okubonayo nje ibhulokhi yedatha engenamsebenzi.
• Ukuthuthwa kolwazi olubucayiUma kudingeka ukuwela imingcele noma ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinemininingwane ebucayi, amavolumu afihliwe I-VeraCrypt inikeza ukuphikwa okunokwenzeka lapho kubhekene nokuhlolwa okunolaka.
• Amalabhorethri, amahhovisi kanye nokuphathwa komphakathiImibiko yochwepheshe, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, amafayela okuphatha, noma amadokhumenti asemthethweni agcinwa ngamavolumu abethelwe ukuze amelane nokuhlaselwa kwangaphandle kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwangaphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, inemikhawulo yayo ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu: ayinikezi njengejwayelekile. ukuphathwa kokhiye okuphakathi noma ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile ne-Active Directory noma i-MDMfuthi ukubethela kwesistimu kusekelwa kuphela ku-Windows (ku-Linux naku-macOS kukhawulelwe ezitsheni nasezihlukanisweni zedatha).

Ukuphathwa kwephasiwedi okuphephile kanye nokhiye ku-VeraCrypt

Ukuphepha kweVeraCrypt kusekelwe ephuzwini elibucayi: Uziphatha kanjani izinkinobho zokubethela?Ezinye zezimiso eziyisisekelo okufanele zisetshenziswe kusukela osukwini lokuqala yilezi:

• Dala okhiye abaqinileGwema amaphasiwedi amafushane noma angabikezelwa. Hlosa imisho emide, hlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlamvu, futhi uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa i-cryptographic password generator.
• Ungagcini ukhiye onedatha ebethelweKubonakala kusobala, kodwa kuyiphutha elivamile. Amafayela ayisihluthulelo namaphasiwedi kufanele abe ezindaweni ezihlukene, okungcono kube se- vikela abaphathi bephasiwedi njenge-KeePassXC, i-Bitwarden, njll.
• Hlela izindima kanye nokufinyelela Ezinkampanini: chaza ukuthi ubani ongadala, asebenzise noma asuse amavolumu; futhi uhlole njalo lawo mathuba okufinyelela.
• Ukuzungezisa ngezikhathi ezithileEzimweni zezinkampani, kungumqondo omuhle ukushintsha amaphasiwedi njalo, ikakhulukazi kumavolumu abiwe, bese ususa ngokushesha noma yikuphi okungenzeka ukuthi kube sengozini.
• Amakhophi agciniwe ekhanda levolumuI-VeraCrypt ikuvumela ukuthi udale i-"Backup Volume Header" ukuze uthole isitsha uma i-header yonakele. Ukugcina le khophi endaweni ephephile kungakusindisa enkingeni enkulu.

Uma uhlanganisa imikhuba emihle yokuphatha ukhiye nobuchwepheshe obuqinile bokubethela obunikezwa yiVeraCrypt, isivikelo ositholayo samafayela akho, amafolda, namadivayisi siphezulu kakhulu futhi, ezimweni eziningi, singaphezu kwalokho esihlangabezana nezidingo zemithethonqubo yokuvikela idatha eqinile.

Ukusebenzisa i-VeraCrypt ukubethela amafayela namafolda kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, kodwa uma usuqonda ukuthi amavolumu asebenza kanjani, umehluko phakathi kweziqukathi namadiski aphelele, futhi usujwayele ukufaka nokukhipha ama-drive, kuba inqubo elula enikeza isendlalelo esibucayi kakhulu sokuphepha kuma-laptop, ama-USB drive, kanye nesitoreji samafuUma wengeza kulokho iqiniso lokuthi kumahhala, kuvulekile, futhi kuyahlolwa, kunzima ukuthola enye indlela eguquguqukayo yokuvikela ulwazi lwakho ekhaya nasemsebenzini.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukubethela okuvikeleke okwengeziwe kanye ne-hashing algorithms: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.