- Ifayela alikwazi ukuzibekela imithetho yokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngaphandle kokuthi umbukeli/umdlali noma i-DRM iphoqelele ukuthi iyisebenzise.
- Windows inikeza ama-API wokugeleza nawo amafayela wesikhashana nokuhlanza okulawulwayo, hhayi ukusulwa “komlingo”.
- Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okungokoqobo kuza ngezixazululo ezinokubethela, izimvume, nokuphelelwa yisikhathi (isb., GDD/DRM ye PDF).
Umqondo wefayela elizisusayo uma livulwa uzwakala unamandla, kodwa ekusebenzeni kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi: hlobo luni lwefayela, ubani ovulayo, iyiphi isofthiwe edlalwayo noma efundwa ngayo, nokuthi yiziphi izilawuli zangempela esinazo kuleyo ndawo. Ku-Windows, kukhona nama-API okuphatha amafayela esikhashana nokugeleza komsebenzi okuvikelekile, kodwa lokho akufani “nomlingo wokuzibhubhisa” kwefayela ngokwalo.
Ukuze uqalise kahle, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlukanisa imiqondo: ukuphelelwa yisikhathi komlayezo (njengezingxoxo ezinyamalalayo), ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwedokhumenti (ama-PDF anezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi), nokukhohlisa kwamafayela endawo (Win32, amafayela esikhashana, naqanjwe kabusha). Isiqephu ngasinye sikhuluma ngesidingo esihlukile, futhi akukho nesisodwa kuzo, esiqinisekisa ukuthi othile ngeke akwazi ukukopisha okuqukethwe uma esekutholile.
Kusho ukuthini “ifayela elizilimazayo” ngempela ku-Windows?
Uma othile ecela ifayela elizilimazayo ngokwalo lapho livulwa, ngokuvamile ubheka okuqukethwe ukuze kungafinyeleleki ngemva komcimbi: ukulivula izikhathi ezingu-N, ukulisebenzisa ngemva kwamahora angu-24, noma ukulivimbela ukuthi likopishwe ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwamasevisi angaphandle. Leyo kwakuyiyona ndlela impela eyathathwa ekubonisaneni okudumile: babefuna ifayela elilalelwayo elingeke lilalelwe ngemva kwamahora angu-24 noma imidlalo engu-10, ngaphandle kwezixhumanisi zezinkampani zangaphandle, ngisho nokucabangela ukulimaza i-bitrate, noma ukulenza nge-HTML ngomdlali nokufihla izinsiza kumafolda.
Isithiyo esiyinhloko ukuthi ifayela “elingavuthiwe” (isb., i-.wav noma i-.mp3) alikwazi ukuzenza ngokwalo noma liphoqelele imithetho yokusetshenziswa uma lungekho uhlelo lokuyiphoqelela; Okungenzeka ukuthi umdlali noma isicelo ngokwezifiso sisebenzisa izinqubomgomo (isikhathi, isibali esivulekile, ukususwa), noma ukuthi isisombululo sokuphatha amalungelo (DRM/GDD) silawula ukufinyelela ohlangothini lwesofthiwe.
Isiqukathi sewebhu (i-HTML enesidlali) aliyona ichashazi elisiliva: isiphequluli asivimbeli umsebenzisi othuthukile ekulandeni izinsiza, futhi asivimbeli izithombe-skrini noma ukuthwebula umsindo. (ngamathuluzi esistimu noma abanye) Izinhlelo zokusebenza). Ungakwenza kube nzima, kodwa ungakuvimbi ngokuphelele.
Ku-Windows, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi "ukuzibhubhisa" kudinga okusebenzisekayo noma isevisi elawula umjikelezo wokuphila wefayela. (isb. isisonga esisusa ukubethela futhi sidlale umsindo, silandele ukusetshenziswa, futhi sinqume ukususa/konakalisa ikhophi) nokuthi lokho kunengqondo kungahlehliswa abasebenzisi abanolwazi uma ingekho indawo evaliwe noma isipele esisemuva esingaqinisekisa.
Kukhona futhi i-engeli yezomthetho nezimiso zokuziphatha okufanele icatshangelwe: ukuklama amafayela azilimazayo kungase kube umngcele wokuphazamisa noma ukususwa okungafuneki kwedatha uma umamukeli engaziswanga, futhi udangele ngokufihla umsebenzi ongafanele. Izixazululo zebhizinisi ezisemthethweni zigxila kuzimvume, ukubethela, nokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuchazelwa umsebenzisi.
Imilayezo nokuxhumana okunezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi: ugqozi nemikhawulo
Izinsizakalo ze-courier ezifana WhatsApp Bathula “imiyalezo yesikhashana” enyamalala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwamahora angu-24, izinsuku ezingu-7, noma izinsuku ezingu-90, umbono obonisa kahle isisusa sokuzibhubhisa: ukunciphisa ukuphikelela kolwazi olubucayi. (isibonelo, idatha yomuntu siqu noma yomsebenzi) ezingxoxweni okungafanele zigcinwe “phakade”.
Ukwenza lezi zinketho zisebenze kulula njengokuya kuzilungiselelo zengxoxo nokukhetha isibali sikhathi, ukwazi ukusivula noma ukusivala noma nini lapho ufuna, Lokhu kukunikeza ukulawula okuthile kulokho eziphikelelayo nezingakwenzi. Kuwusizo, kuyasebenziseka, futhi kulula ukuxhumana nanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi.
Kodwa masingawudidanisi umqondo: ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwengxoxo akuvikeli ekukopishweni kwangaphandle (izithombe-skrini, okudluliselwe phambili, izithombe-skrini, njll.), futhi akusebenzi ukulawula ifayela lendawo ku-Windows, lapho kungekho khona iseva esebenza njengomxhumanisi. Noma kunjalo, ibalulekile njengesithenjwa sokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi.
Kuhlelo lwe-digital content ecosystem, le ndlela yesikhashana idlulela kwezinye izinkundla, Yize ngayinye iphatha ubungozi, ubumfihlo, nokusebenziseka ngendlela ehlukile. Kuwugqozi, hhayi isixazululo, sengobo yomlando yendawo esifuna "ukuyicekela phansi."
Inothi eseceleni mayelana nobumfihlo benkundla: Kumasayithi afana ne-Reddit, uzothola izaziso zekhukhi ezikwenza kucace ukuthi ngokwamukela, uvumela ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe isevisi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukwenza okuqukethwe kube ngokwakho/izikhangiso, kanye nokulinganisa ukusebenza. Uma wenqaba amakhukhi angabalulekile, amakhukhi athile adingekayo asasetshenziswa. Inqubomgomo Yabo Yobumfihlo kanye Nesaziso Sekhukhi zihlala zifinyeleleka, zibonisa ukubonakala obala okudingekayo lapho kusetshenzwa idatha ku-inthanethi.
Amadokhumenti anezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi: icala le-PDF
Ku-PDF ejwayelekile akukho "ukuphelelwa yisikhathi komdabu" futhi ngisho I-Adobe Acrobat inikeza ukushintshwa komlingo kwalokhu; Uma ufuna ukulawula umnqamulajuqu wokufinyelela, udinga iseva ethuthuke kakhulu Yokuphathwa Kwamalungelo Edijithali (i-DRM) noma amasu afana ne-JavaScript ngaphakathi kwe-PDF (enemikhawulo futhi kulula ukuyigwema).
Izixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle zigcwalisa leli gebe futhi ngokuvamile zithembele ekubetheleni okuqinile, izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela nokuqinisekisa, Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukusetha idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi enembile, ukukhawulela inani lezinsuku kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala, kanye/noma ukukhawulela inani lokuvuleka noma ukuphrinta. Ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, umfundi ubonisa isixwayiso sokuthi idokhumenti ayisatholakali.
Isibonelo esivamile esishiwo kumabhulogi akhethekile i-UPDF, ithuluzi elivumela ukwabelana nokuphelelwa yisikhathi okunqunywe kusengaphambili (izinsuku ezingu-1, 7, 30 noma kungaphelelwa yisikhathi), ngisho nokukhubaza ukukopisha, ukulanda, nokuphrinta isixhumanisi okwabelwana ngaso. Umbono uwukunikeza umthumeli ukulawula okunengqondo phezu komjikelezo wempilo wedokhumenti.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa ezijwayelekile: ukwabelana ngesixhumanisi esiphelelwa yisikhathi noma ukumema abasebenzisi abathile nge-imeyili, Kuzo zombili izimo, ungakhetha iwindi lokuqinisekisa (Ungalokothi, usuku olungu-1, izinsuku eziyi-7, noma izinsuku ezingama-30) futhi usebenzise izimvume zokukopisha/zokulanda/zokuphrinta. Lena indlela esebenzayo yokuletha ukuphelelwa yisikhathi endaweni yedokhumenti ngokungqubuzana okuncane.
Lezi zinkundla zivame ukuhambisana ne-ecosystem ebanzi: ukuvikelwa kwephasiwedi yokuvula nezimvume, ukubhala okuqukethwe, ama-watermark, ukuguqulwa, i-OCR, isichasiselo, inhlangano yekhasi, ukufunda ngokunethezeka, isitoreji efwini nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza zeWindows, macOS, Android e iOS; Baze bahlanganise nabasizi be IA ukufingqa ngokushesha, ukuchaza, noma ukuhumusha imibhalo.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi "kokuphelelwa yisikhathi ku-inthanethi" kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwasendaweni: okunye ukugeleza kwe-inthanethi kukhawulelwe ngokuklama amahora angama-24, Angase adinge ukuthi ubuyekeze mathupha lokho osekuphelelwe yisikhathi ukuze ukususe kumphathi wedokhumenti, uhlushwa ukungahambisani nezinguqulo zesofthiwe yamahhovisi amadala, futhi kwezinye izimo, azisheshi emithwalweni emikhulu.
Umbono oyinhloko: Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-PDF kuyasebenza uma wamukela iseva- noma imodeli yokulawula ukufinyelela okusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza, ngokubethela nezimvume. Ayifani ne-PDF "ezisulayo" ku-hard drive yomamukeli, kodwa iyayivimba ukuthi ingavulwa noma isetshenziswe ngaphezu kwalokho okugunyaziwe.
Lokho iWindows ekuvumelayo: amafayela esikhashana nokugeleza okulawulwayo
Ezingeni lendawo kuphela, iWindows inikeza isethi yemisebenzi ye-Win32 yokuphatha amafayela esikhashana nokucutshungulwa okuphakathi, esebenza njengenketho ethembekile "yokusebenzisa futhi ulahle", nakuba ingangezi izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngemuva kweqiniso ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza lokuyiqalisa.
Isibonelo sakudala esivela kumadokhumenti e-Microsoft sibonisa ukuhamba komsebenzi ku-C++: Uhlelo lokusebenza luvula ifayela lombhalo eliwumthombo (CreateFile), lithola indlela yesikhashana (GetTempPath) futhi likhiqize igama eliyingqayizivele (GetTempFileName) ukuze lidale ifayela lesikhashana, konke ngokuhlola iphutha lesinyathelo nesinyathelo.
Ibese ifunda amabhulokhi edatha ibe isilondolozi, iguqule okuqukethwe kwayo kube ngofeleba abakhulu ne-CharUpperBuffA bese ibhala umphumela kowesikhashana, iphinda kuze kube yilapho lonke ifayela selicutshunguliwe. Lokhu ukuboniswa kwenkumbulo elawulwayo kanye nokukhohlisa kwediski, okunosayizi webhulokhi ojwayelekile (isb., amabhayithi angu-1024) nokubala kokufunda/ukubhala.
Uma ukuguqulwa sekuqediwe, izichazili ziyavalwa (CloseHandle) futhi ifayela lesikhashana liqanjwe kabusha libe indawo eqondile, njenge-AllCaps.txt, kusetshenziswa i-MoveFileEx enamafulegi ukuze kushintshwe noma kukopishwe phakathi kwamavolumu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqamba kabusha kusebenza ngisho nakumadiski ahlukene.
Umhlahlandlela uqokomisa izexwayiso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: I-GetTempPath ibuyisela iyunithi yezinhlamvu zendlela ukusuka kokuguquguqukayo kwemvelo, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ubukhona bangempela befolda noma izimvume ezifanele, isibopho esiwela kunjiniyela. Esibonelweni, noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kucatshangelwa Isikhumulo: Iphutha elichazayo liphrintiwe (nge-FormatMessage ukuhumusha amakhodi esistimu) futhi uhlelo lunqanyulwa ngokushesha.
Uphinde agcizelele ukuthi ukugxila embhalweni kumane kuyi-didactic: iphethini efanayo “yokufunda, sebenza ku-buffer, bhalela okwesikhashana futhi uqambe kabusha” isebenza kwezinye izinhlobo zedatha, Ukusuka kokuhamba ngakubili kuye ku-multimedia. Okubalulekile wukuhlela umjikelezo wempilo wefayela nokuqinisekisa ukuhlanzwa kwensiza uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Uma sifuna ukuthatha le nqubo "ekuzibhubhiseni", Inketho enengqondo ayilona ifayela ngokwalo, kodwa kunalokho kuwuhlelo lokusebenza okuthi, lapho uvula idokhumenti, lisebenzise ingqondo: ukususa ifayela lesikhashana ngemva kokuba liqalise, ukugcina izinto zokubala zokusetshenziswa, noma ukwenza okhiye bokufinyelela abangavumelekile kokuqukethwe. Kodwa konke lokhu kuncike ekutheni umsebenzisi empeleni usebenzisa uhlelo futhi angakopishi izinto ezivela ngaphandle.
Imikhawulo, ubungozi kanye nokulindelwe okungokoqobo
Isihluthulelo siwukuba neqiniso mayelana nalokho okulindele: uma ifayela selifinyelele kudivayisi yomamukeli, ayikho indlela engenangqondo yokubavimbela ekwenzeni ikhophi (eqondile noma engaqondile) uma benezisusa nolwazi, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezivaliwe ezine-DRM eqinile nokulawula isidlali/isibukeli.
Ukuzibhubhisa okuqinile efayeleni ngokwalo akusekelwe amafomethi avamile; okungafinyelelwa ukulawula ukufinyelela ngamathuluzi, izimvume, nokuphelelwa yisikhathi. ukwenza kucace kumsebenzisi inqubomgomo esetshenzisiwe nokuthi kungani kunomkhawulo wedethi noma imisebenzi evunyelwe.
Ngezidingo ezibucayi zokwabelana ngedatha, indlela ephephe kunazo zonke ngokuvamile ukuhlanganisa ukubethela, ukuphela kwesikhathi okulawulwa yiseva, futhi, uma kusebenza, i-watermarking enamandla. ukuze inani lekhophi linciphe (futhi kukhona umkhondo). Lokhu kuhambisana nalokho okwenziwa yizixazululo zemibhalo kanye nezithunywa ezinezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Uma umgomo kuyi-Windows nomsebenzi wendawo, thembela ekugelezeni okunamafayela esikhashana, ukuhlanzwa kwamafayela nokuqinisekiswa kwemvume, ukulandela ama-API esistimu ukuze kusingathwe amaphutha nokuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinsalela ezingalindelekile ezisala ngemuva. Akukhona "ukuzibhubhisa," kodwa ukuphatha okunesibopho komjikelezo wempilo wedatha.
Njengesikhumbuzo esiwusizo, imithombo eminingi yezobuchwepheshe inikeza ama-PDF alandekayo wemihlahlandlela yawo ephelele, Ngokuvamile, isixhumanisi esithi "Landa i-PDF" sibeka phakathi imiyalelo. Sebenzisa lokhu ukuze ujule kuma-API nezinqubo ezihamba phambili, kodwa gwema ukukopisha ikhodi ngokungaboni ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuphatha amaphutha nezimvume.
Emhlabeni wangempela, isu elingcono kakhulu lihlanganisa idizayini yomkhiqizo (isiphi isipiliyoni esisifunayo), ukuba semthethweni kanye nokubeka izinto obala (ukwazisa umsebenzisi) kanye namasu (ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukubethela kanye nokusula amafayela esikhashana), ukwamukela ukuthi ayikho indlela yasendaweni, engenasiphakeli enikeza iziqinisekiso eziphelele ngokumelene namakhophi.
Uma ufuna isiphetho esiqondile: "sefayela lombhalo elizilimazayo uma livulwa ku-Windows", gxila kuhlelo lokusebenza olulawula ukufinyelela futhi lususe okuqukethwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa, noma thola izixazululo eziphelelwa yisikhathi (i-DRM/GDD) uma kuyidokhumenti, futhi uthembele kuma-Windows APIs ukuphatha amadokhumenti esikhashana naqanjwe kabusha ngokuphephile.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.