- UMthetho ulawula ukusetshenziswa kwe IA kuye ngezinga labo lobungozi, nezigaba zobungozi obungamukelekile kanye nobungozi obukhulu.
- Izicelo ezifana nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kwebhayomethrikhi kanye nokusebenza kwamaphoyisa okuqagelayo azivunyelwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa ngokomthetho.
- Amasistimu e-AI asengozini enkulu kufanele ahlolwe, abe nokwengamela komuntu, futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zokungafihli lutho.
- Izijeziso zezezimali ezinkulu zinikezwa labo abehluleka ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo.
I-European Union (EU) iyaqhubeka nokuhola ukulawulwa kwe ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo (AI), ukusungula uhlaka lokulawula olungakaze lubonwe olufuna ukuqinisekisa amalungelo ezakhamizi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Lo mthetho omusha, oqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngo-Agasti 1, 2024, ubeka iYurophu phambili emhlabeni jikelele ekwakheni umthetho okuhloswe ngawo ukuthi lawula ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwalobu buchwepheshe.
Ngokuqala ukusebenza kwemithethonqubo, i-EU iyibeke kwacaca inhloso yayo yokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa nokumaketha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI ezingase zephule. Amalungelo ayisisekelo, njengobumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha. Ngakho-ke, umthetho wethula imithethonqubo eqinile ehluka ngokuya nge izinga lobungozi ukuthi uhlelo lwe-AI ngalunye lubandakanya, ukunikeza uhlaka oluzinzile oluzovumela ukukhula kobuchwepheshe ngendlela enomthwalo wemfanelo nelawulwayo.
Izithibelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela izakhamizi
Phakathi kwezinto zokuqala ezikhulunywa ngumthetho yilezi izicelo ezinqatshelwe ye-AI, lezo ezimele ubungozi obungamukelekile emphakathini. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwe-biometric ngezigaba ezibucayi njengokuthambekela kwezocansi, izinkolelo zenkolo noma zezepolitiki, kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwe-AI ukudala yolwazi ukuqashelwa kobuso etholwe ku-inthanethi noma ezithombeni ze-CCTV.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-AI ezingalawula ukuziphatha kwabantu noma ukuxhaphaza ukukhubazeka kwabantu akuvunyelwe, kanye ukuqashelwa kwemizwa emsebenzini nasezikoleni. Konke lokhu kuvinjelwa kusabela esidingweni sokuvikela abantu kulokho okungenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, imithethonqubo isungula okuhlukile ezimweni eziqondile kakhulu, njengokuseshwa kwabantu abalahlekile noma ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, lapho amabutho ezokuphepha engase abe nezinhlelo zokuhlonza ze-biometric, njalo ngaphansi kokugunyazwa kwangaphambili kwezomthetho.
Izinhlelo ezinobungozi obuphezulu: ukulawulwa nokuba sobala
Okunye okubalulekile okugxilwe kuyo yimithethonqubo Amasistimu e-AI ahlukaniswa njengengozi enkulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izicelo ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ebalulekile njengezemfundo, ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, ukuqashwa, ukufuduka noma ubulungiswa. Amasistimu angaba nomthelela ku- i-solvency yezomnotho yezakhamizi noma ekukhethweni kwalabo abafuna umsebenzi nabo bafakiwe kulesi sigaba.
Abahlinzeki balezi zinhlelo kuzodingeka bathobele imithetho eqinile ukuhlolwa kobungozi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi banokugadwa a uhlaka lwabantu. Ngokufanayo, kufanele gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwayo futhi inikeze ulwazi olucacile ezakhamuzini lapho isinqumo esibalulekile empilweni yazo silamulwa yi-AI.
Ukwengeza, izinkampani zizodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zabo ze-AI zikhona okusobala futhi ngokunembayo, okusho ukuthi kufanele babike ngohlobo lwedatha esetshenziswa ekuqeqesheni amamodeli, kanye nokwenza ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kutholwe ukuchema okungenzeka noma amaphutha.
Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zenhloso kanye nobungozi bazo
Imithethonqubo iphinde ihlanganise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amasistimu we-AI wenhloso ejwayelekile, okuthi nakuba ingenakho ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kokuqala, ingalungiswa ukuze ifeze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, eminye yayo ibhekwa njengengozi enkulu. Isibonelo esicacile yizinkundla ze I-AI ekhiqizayo njengoba I-ChatGPT o Gemini, izicelo zabo zidlulela ngalé kwalokho okwakuhleliwe ekuqaleni.
Lezi zinhlelo zenhloso ejwayelekile kufanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezifanayo njengezinhlelo ezinobungozi obukhulu, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ezicini ezibucayi zomphakathi. Ukwengeza, umthetho ufuna ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zihlale zibuyekezwa ukuze kutholwe izinsongo ezingaba khona ezifana nokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-AI ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi noma ukugxambukela nengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Izinhlawulo nezijeziso zalabo abaphula umthetho
Imithethonqubo isungula izinhlawulo ezibalulekile kulabo abehluleka ukuthobela imithetho emisiwe, nezijeziso ezisukela ku- 35 million euro noma u-7% wenani lebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke lezinkampani ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kanye 7,5 million euro noma u-1,5% wevolumu yokwamukelwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Lo mkhakha oqinile mayelana nezijeziso uphendula, ngokusho kwabashayamthetho, esidingweni sokudala indawo yezobuchwepheshe lapho kuhlonishwa khona amalungelo ayisisekelo nenkululeko yabantu. Iziphathimandla ze-EU zizophatha ukuqapha ukuthotshelwa kwalo mthetho, kanye nokusha Ihhovisi le-AI okuzosiza izinkampani ukuthi zizijwayeze nemithethonqubo ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukusebenza ngokugcwele.
Umnqamulajuqu wokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele komthetho
I-EU AI Regulation izosetshenziswa ngendlela okuqhubekayo. Yize isivele isebenza, sekutholakele ukuthi ezinye zezinyathelo ngeke zisebenze ngokugcwele iminyaka emibili. Nokho, i ukuvinjelwa kwezinqubo ezifanele kakhulu Zizosetshenziswa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo, kanti ezinhlelweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, izibopho zizoqala ukusebenza izinyanga ezingama-36 ngemuva kokuqalisa ukusebenza kwezinga.
Lo mthetho uphawula ingqophamlando ku-EU, ongahlosile nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa izimiso zokuziphatha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-AI, kodwa futhi ukukhuthaza Ukuncintisana kwaseYurophu kulo mkhakha, ebeka izinga elingalandelwa ezinye izimakethe. Ngale ndlela, iYurophu ibekwe njengereferensi yomhlaba wonke ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, ngendlela egxile ekuvikeleni amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini sokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.