Konke mayelana nokuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo ku-Windows 11: ukuphepha, izinzuzo, nezinkinga

Esimeni sedijithali lapho izinsongo zihlala zivela khona, ukuvikela isistimu yokusebenza sekuyinto ehamba phambili yokugcina amadivayisi ethu aphephile. Windows 11 Ihlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zokuphepha futhi phakathi kwazo kugqama umsebenzi othuthukisiwe ongaziwa kwabaningi: i core insulation o ukuzihlukanisa okuyisisekelo. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale njengesilinganiso esingabonakali ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, Indima yabo ibalulekile ekuvikeleni yona kanye inhliziyo yesimiso ekuhlaselweni okuyinkimbinkimbi..

Uma uzwile ngalesi sici kodwa ungaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi siyini, singesani ngempela, noma ukuthi ungasivumela kanjani ngokufanelekile kukhompyutha yakho, lesi sihloko sizokutshela konke. Umbono wukuthi ngesikhathi uqeda ukuyifunda, ngeke nje wazi ukuthi ungakumisa kanjani ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo Windows 11, kodwa futhi ukuqonda kuze kufike emininingwaneni emincane ukuthi ihlanganisani mayelana nokuphepha, ukusebenza, nokuhambisana. Futhi sizofaka amacala empilo yangempela, ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga, kanye tricks ukugwema ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile.

Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo Windows 11?

El core insulation Kuyisici sokuvikela esethulwe iMicrosoft ezinguqulweni zakamuva zeWindows futhi esiba wusizo kakhulu ku-Windows 11. Inhloso yayo enkulu ngu vikela i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza, ukuyihlukanisa kwezinye izinqubo ezisebenza kukhompuyutha. Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka? I-kernel iyisizinda sohlelo, ingxenye elawula izinsiza ezibalulekile kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwehadiwe nesofthiwe. Uma umhlaseli ezuza ukufinyelela kule ngxenye, angakwazi ukulawula idivayisi ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.

Lesi sici sisebenza njenge-a umgoqo obonakalayo phakathi kwe-kernel kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinqubo, ukuvimbela ikhodi enonya—noma ngabe ngokunamathiselwe okuyingozi noma ukuba sengozini—ukuba nendlela yamahhala eya endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu ye-Windows. Ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-kernel kunikwe amandla, isistimu idala i- imvelo evikelwe kanye virtualized egcina futhi iqhube izinqubo ezibalulekile, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kubeke engcupheni ubuqotho bekhompyutha.

Ukwengeza, isebenzisa amakhono wakamuva wehadiwe okugcina imininingwane ebucayi ezindaweni zenkumbulo ezivikelwe, kunciphisa kakhulu ama-vectors okuhlasela. Isibonelo, noma ngabe a I-malware ikwazi ukusebenza, ngeke ikwazi ukusebenzisana ngokuqondile nezingxenye ezibalulekile njengoba zihlukaniswa yilo mgoqo wokuvikela.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-core insulation?

Ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kuncike kubuchwepheshe be-virtualization—njenge-Virtualization-Based Security (VBS)—obuvumela ukudalwa kwale ndawo ezimele, evikelwe kulo lonke uhlelo. Ngokuvula lo msebenzi, umongo uqala ukusebenza ohlotsheni "lwendawo ephephile" lapho noma iyiphi inqubo yangaphandle, ngisho noma isebenza kudivayisi efanayo, ivinjelwe ukufinyelela inkumbulo noma izinsiza ezibalulekile.

Cabanga uvula i-imeyili enamathiselwe okuthelelekile. Kusistimu ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungalandelela ubungozi luze lufike ku-kernel futhi lulawule ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlukaniswa kunikwe amandla, le khodi enonya ivalelwe endaweni ehlukile, ayikwazi ukufinyelela umnyombo wesistimu. Le ndlela ayivikeli kuphela ekuhlaselweni okwaziwayo kodwa futhi yehlisa ubungozi obuvela ekubeni sengozini okuzayo okungase kutholwe ohlelweni lokusebenza.

Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko ezihambisana nalokhu kuhlukaniswa komnyombo yi- ubuqotho benkumbulo, okuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukuvikeleka ngokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa okungagunyaziwe kwezinqubo ezibucayi. Konke lokhu, ngokubambisana, kuqinisa ukuphepha kwe-Windows 11 kusukela ngesikhathi uhlelo luqala.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-Windows 11 ngaphezulu kwe-Windows 10? Ukuqhathanisa okujulile

Ukuvumela kanjani (noma ukukhubaza) ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo ku Windows 11

Ukusetha ukuhlukanisa okubalulekile kukhompuyutha yakho kuyinqubo elula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda isinyathelo ngasinye ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuhambisana noma zokusebenza. Nansi inqubo, nakuba ungakwazi ukuyivumelanisa nesistimu yakho ethile:

1. Vula uhlelo Ukuphepha kweWindows, ongayithola kuthreyi yesistimu (isithonjana sesihlangu esiluhlaza) noma ngokusesha kumenyu yokuqala ngokhiye weWindows + S.
2. Faka isigaba Ukuphepha kwedivayisi bese uthola isigaba esibizwa Ukuzihlukanisa okubalulekile (ngesiNgisi, Core isolation).
3. Qhafaza Imininingwane ye-core insulation ukuze ufinyelele izinketho ezithuthukile. Lapha cishe uzobona umlayezo othi "Ubuqotho benkumbulo bukhutshaziwe. Idivayisi ingase ibe sengcupheni."
4. Yenza kusebenze isilayidi Ubuqotho benkumbuloNgalokhu, uhlelo luzovimbela ukujova kwekhodi enonya ezinqubweni ezivikeleke kakhulu, lezo eziseduze ne-kernel.
5. Ukwengeza, hlola ukuthi inketho iyasebenza yini I-Microsoft Blocklist Yabashayeli AbasengoziniLolu hlu luvimbela abashayeli abasolisayo noma abangavikelekile ekusebenziseni uhlelo, luphinde luvale izintuba ezingaba khona.
6. Ngemva kokwenza lezi zinguquko, iWindows izokwazisa ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, uzobona umlayezo uvela kuhlelo lokusebenza Lokuvikeleka Kwedivayisi. isithonjana sokuqinisekisa esiluhlaza kanye ne-core insulation, isibonakaliso sokuthi yonke into isebenza kahle.

Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, yonke le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu futhi ayidingi ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe, nakuba kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwamadivayisi namashayeli afakwe kukhompyutha yakho ukuze ugweme ukungqubuzana okungalindelekile.

Kuyini ubuqotho benkumbulo futhi kungani bubalulekile?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i- ubuqotho benkumbulo Ingenye yamatshe ekhona we-core insulation. Inhloso yawo ukuvimbela ikhodi engaba yingozi ekuguquleni izinqubo ezibalulekile nedatha ngokusebenzisa ubungozi besistimu.Isebenza njenge-firewall ezingeni lememori ye-kernel, ngokuqhubekayo iqinisa umgoqo phakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo.

Uma ubuqotho bememori bukhutshaziwe, isistimu izokuxwayisa ukuthi ikhompuyutha yakho ingaba sengozini. Ukuyivumela kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuqineni kwekhompyutha yakho ngokumelene nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ethuthukisiwe, nakuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abashayeli bedivayisi abasekela lesi sici. Abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi noma abashayeli abathuthukiswe ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwalezi zinyathelo bangavinjwa noma bavimbele ukusebenza. ibhuthini yohlelo.

Uma uthola ukuthi ukunika amandla ubuqotho benkumbulo kubangela amaphutha amakhulu—njengezikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ukwehluleka ukuqalisa—kungenzeka kungenxa yomshayeli ongahambisani. Kulesi simo, uzofuna ukuhlola iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi futhi ubuyekeze zonke izishayeli, ikakhulukazi lezo zezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana namakhadi ezithombe, amanethiwekhi, noma isitoreji.

Kuthiwani ngokuvikela isitaki sehadiwe okuyisibopho?

Esinye isici esithuthukisiwe esihlobene nokuphepha kwe-kernel i ukuvikela isitaki okuphoqelelwe ngehadiwe (ukuvikela isitaki okuphoqelelwe yi-hardware). Lobu buchwepheshe buwenza ube nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wezinhlelo ezinonya ezizama ukukhohlisa abashayeli bezinga eliphansi ukuze balawule uhlelo.

Ukuze uqonde lokhu, khumbula ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwabiza Ukuguqulwa Kwekheli Lokubuyisela Isitaki sebenzisa ubungozi ukuze uguqule amakheli okubuyisela kumemori ye-kernel, okubangela isistimu ukuthi isebenzise ikhodi enonya esikhundleni sekhodi esemthethweni. Ukuvikelwa kwesitaki okuyisibopho kuvimbela lokhu ngokugadwa okukabili: i-CPU igcina ikhophi yamakheli avumelekile kusitaki esihambisanayo, esifundwayo kuphela— isitaki sesithunzi—, okuvumela ukuthi kutholwe noma yikuphi ukuphambana futhi kuphakanyiswe iphutha Isikhumulo (isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ngaphambi kokuthi ikhodi enonya yenze into yayo.

Akuwona wonke amadivayisi asekela lesi sici njengoba sidinga amaphrosesa esimanje anosekelo lobuchwepheshe obufana Intel I-Control-Flow Enforcement Technology (CET) o I-AMD Shadow StackUkwengeza, iphesenti elincane labashayeli abasemthethweni lingakhohlisa amakheli okubuyisela ngokuphephile, kodwa iningi kufanele lisebenze kahle uma lokhu kuvikela kunikwe amandla. Uma uthola isexwayiso sokungahambisani uma uzama ukusinika amandla, hlola nomkhiqizi wamadivayisi athintekile ukuze ubone ukuthi izinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe ziyatholakala yini.

Ukuze usebenzise ukuvikelwa kwesitaki okuphoqelelwe ngezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha, qiniseka ukuthi unobuqotho bememori obunikwe amandla kanye nephrosesa ehambisanayo. Ukuyinika amandla, njengokuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko, kulawulwa kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Security, kusetshenziswa izilayidi kanye nokuqalisa kabusha okufanayo.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka uma uvumela ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo: ukusebenza, izishayeli, nezinye izinkinga

Njenganoma yisiphi isici sokuvikela esithuthukisiwe, ukunika amandla ukuhlukaniswa kwe-kernel nobuqotho benkumbulo kungaba nemiphumela engemihle, ikakhulukazi uma ikhompuyutha yakho isiphelelwe yisikhathi noma incike kumashayeli amadala noma angekho emthethweni.

Abasebenzisi abaningi babike ukuthi ngemva kokunika amandla lokhu kuvikela, thola ukwehla kwe-FPS emidlalweni noma ukulahlekelwa okuncane ekusebenzeni okuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokweqa kwe-virtualization kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo zesistimu. Kumakhompuyutha anamandla noma abuyekeziwe, lo mthelela uvamise ukuba mncane, kodwa kumakhompuyutha anomkhawulo kakhudlwana noma lawo anezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile, ungagqama kakhulu.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezidumile-imvamisa ngenxa yabashayeli abangahambisani-noma ukunyamalala kwenketho yokuhlukanisa i-kernel ngemva kokufaka kabusha isistimu yokusebenza noma ukushintsha i-hard drive. Lokhu kwenzeka uma inqubo yokufaka kabusha ingagcini ngokufanelekile izingxenye ze-boot ezidingwa ukwenziwa kwe-virtualization, ukuvimbela iWindows ekusebenziseni izinyathelo zokuzihlukanisa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukwenza a ukufakwa okuhlanzekile Ngemva kokulondoloza ikhophi eyisipele yamafayela abalulekile, landela imiyalelo enikezwe usekelo olusemthethweni lwe-Microsoft ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezizayo.

Ishiye ivuliwe noma ivale? Okufanele ukucabangele

Umbuzo wama-dollar oyisigidi ukuthi ingabe kufanelekile yini ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kunikwe amandla unomphela. Ngokuvamile impendulo inguyebo, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ikhompyutha yakho ivikeleke ngangokunokwenzeka ezinsongweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, kunezimo lapho abanye abasebenzisi benquma ukuyicisha:

• Ukusebenza: Uma ubona ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha yakho, ikakhulukazi uma udlala, uhlela ividiyo, noma wenza imisebenzi enzima, zama ukukhubaza isici okwesikhashana bese uqhathanisa ukusebenza.
• Ukuhambisana: Amakhompyutha anezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezindala noma izishayeli eseziphelelwe yisikhathi angase asebenze ngendlela engaqondakali noma ehluleke ukubona amanye amadivaysi (amaphrinta, ama-peripheral, njll.).
• Amaphutha Abucayi: Uma ngemva kokuyivumela uthola amaphutha esistimu eqhubekayo (izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphahlazeka ekuqaleni) futhi awukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokubuyekeza abashayeli, kungase kube ngcono ukuyikhubaza kuze kube yilapho izibuyekezo sezitholakala.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidlulele nokugcina isistimu yakho isesikhathini kusiza ukunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele lezi zici zokuphepha.

Isaka

Umbhali oshisekayo ngomhlaba wamabhayithi nobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile. Ngiyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami ngokubhala, futhi yilokho engizokwenza kule bhulogi, ngikubonise zonke izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngamagajethi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokuningi. Inhloso yami ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni wedijithali ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.