I-Arduino ayiveli ku-Device Manager: izimbangela nezixazululo

Uma uxhuma ibhodi lakho futhi I-Arduino ayiveli ku-Device ManagerInjabulo yokuqala iphrojekthi yakho yokuqala inganyamalala ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ubona ama-LED ekhanya, ikhebula libonakala lilungile, usuyifakile i-IDE… kodwa ku-Windows akukho sibonakaliso sechweba le-COM eliqinile. Kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu kokubili kwabaqalayo kanye nabasebenzisi abanolwazi.

Kulesi sihloko uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele, owusizo kakhulu ngesiSpanishi (eSpain), ohlanganisa Konke okuvame ukungahambi kahle uma i-PC ingayiboni i-Arduino Uno (noma ama-clones) kanye nendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Sizohlanganisa konke kusukela ezintweni eziyisisekelo (ikhebula, ama-port, abashayeli) kuya ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokwehluleka kwe-USB chip kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-adapter. I-USB-C noma amabhodi angena kumodi ye-DFU futhi aboniswa njenge atmega16u2 dfu esikhundleni sokufana nechweba elijwayelekile eliyi-serial.

Hlola izisekelo: uxhumano olungokoqobo, ikhebula, kanye nembobo ye-USB

Kungase kuzwakale kusobala, kodwa izigameko eziningi zibangelwa iqiniso lokuthi Inkinga imayelana nekhebula noma imbobo ye-USBNgaphambi kokuthi uzishayele indlwabu ngabashayeli nama-bootloader, hlola la maphuzu alula.

Ukuze uqale, qiniseka ukuthi Ikhebula le-USB lifakwe kahle kokubili ku-Arduino nakukhompyutha.Uma kwenzeka i-Arduino Uno yokuqala, kusetshenziswa ikhebula le-USB-B; eziningi amalaptop Amabhodi omama esimanje ane-USB-C kuphela, ngakho-ke udinga i-adaptha. Akuwona wonke ama-adaptha asetshenziswa kahle, futhi amanye, njengeziteshi ezithile zokufaka noma amamodeli ehabhu, angabangela izinkinga futhi avimbele ibhodi lomama ukuthi lingafakwa ohlwini njengedivayisi.

Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, zama enye ikhebula le-USB elihlukileEzinye izintambo zokushaja azisebenzi kahle noma zonakele ngaphakathi. Ngisho noma zibukeka zintsha, ucingo olulodwa oluphukile lungavimbela iWindows ukuthi ithole noma yini. Ukufaka ikhebula esikhundleni salo kungenye yezinyathelo zokuxazulula izinkinga ezisheshayo nezishibhile.

Okulandelayo, shintsha ichweba le-Arduino: Sebenzisa enye imbobo ye-USB kudivayisi efanayoAkuwona wonke amachweba anomthombo wamandla ofanayo noma isilawuli sangaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ukhutshazwa ku-BIOS/UEFI, unenkinga yomzimba, noma wabelana ngezinsiza nenye idivayisi, okubangela amaphutha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Uma ukhathazekile nge-USB 3.0 ngoba ufundile ukuthi ibangela izinkinga, into evamile kulezi zinsuku ukuthi I-Arduino isebenza kahle kumachweba e-USB 3.0Kodwa-ke, amanye amabhodi e-motherboard nama-laptop angase abe nzima kancane. Uma unethuba, zama lokhu kukhompyutha endala ene-USB 2.0 ukuze unqume noma yikuphi ukungahambisani okungavamile kwehadiwe.

Hlola ukuthi i-Arduino iyawathola yini amandla futhi ibonisa izimpawu zokuphila

Uma nje uxhuma ikhebula, kufanele ubone lokho I-LED enamandla iyakhanya. I-LED ebhodini lomama ibonisa ukuthi okungenani amandla amukelwa echwebeni le-USB. Uma ingakhanyi, unenkinga yamandla: ikhebula eliphukile, ichweba elifile, i-adaptha enephutha, noma ngisho nebhodi lomama elonakele.

Ngaphezu kwe-LED enamandla, amabhodi amaningi e-motherboard ane- I-LED ehlotshaniswa nephini 13 (ngezinye izikhathi imakwe njengo-L) Iyacwayiza ngesibonelo esithi "Blink" esifakwe ngaphambilini. Ukuthi iyacwayiza noma cha akuthinti ukubona ibhodi leWindows, kodwa kuyinkomba enhle yokuthi i-microcontroller eyinhloko (i-ATmega328P ku-Uno) iyasebenza.

Uma ubona ukuthi i-LED yamandla ebhodi lomama iyakhanya, kodwa I-Windows ayikhiphi umsindo ojwayelekile wedivayisi ye-USB exhunyiwe. Uma kungekho shintsho oluvelayo ku-Device Manager, kunezinketho ezimbili ezicacile: kungaba ingxenye yebhodi ye-USB (i-chip yokuxhumana ye-USB-serial) ayisebenzi, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lunenkinga ngabashayeli.

Kuleli qophelo kuyalulekwa futhi ukubheka ipuleti ngokucophelela ukuze uthole izimpawu zokulimala ngokomzimba: izingxenye ezishile, ama-trace aphakanyisiwe, izindawo ezimnyama eduze kwe-chip ye-USB, njll. Uma ibhodi lithole ukukhuphuka kwamandla, i-short circuit enkulu, noma umonakalo womshini, kungenzeka ukuthi i-interface ye-USB yehlulekile.

Ukufakwa okufanele kwe-Arduino IDE kanye nabashayeli

Ku-Windows, ukuze i-PC ikwazi ukubona kahle i-motherboard, kubalulekile ukuthi ibe nayo. Indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Arduino (IDE) kanye nezishayeli zayo sezifakiwe.; uma udinga usizo, thintana Indlela yokufaka i-IDE ku-Windows 11Abantu abaningi bayasiqa lesi sinyathelo noma bafake izinguqulo ngaphandle kwabashayeli.

Inketho engcono kakhulu ukulanda inguqulo yakamuva ye-IDE kusuka ku- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ArduinoNgesikhathi sokufaka, i-wizard izokubuza ukuthi ufuna ukufaka abashayeli; kubalulekile ukwamukela. Laba bashayeli bavumela iWindows ukuthi ihumushe i-Arduino njengechweba elibonakalayo le-serial bese iyinika inombolo yechweba le-COM.

Uma usuvele ufake i-IDE, isinyathelo esihle yikhiphe futhi uyifake kabusha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha inketho yabashayeli. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufakwa okonakele noma isibuyekezo esingaphelele kushiya uhlelo lunabashayeli abangasebenzi kahle. Uma ukhetha umugqa we imiyalo, zama i Isifundo esigcwele se-Arduino CLI.

Kuma-laptop ane-Windows 8.1, Windows 10 noma 11, abanye abasebenzisi baphawule ngokuthi uhlelo Ayimboni kahle umshayeli okokuqala., ngenkathi ikhona Windows 7 Ibhodi lomama elifanayo lisebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezengeziwe. Uma unenye ikhompyutha enenguqulo ehlukile ye-Windows (noma ngisho ne Linux), zama lapho: kuzokusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi inkinga iku-PC noma kubhodi lomama.

Uma usebenzisa idivayisi evinjelwe (isibonelo, i-laptop yenkampani), ungase Awunayo imvume yokufaka abashayeli abasayiniweUma kunjalo, kuzodingeka ucele ukufinyelela komlawuli noma usebenzise ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu lapho ungafaka khona i-IDE nabashayeli ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Ukusebenzisa i-Device Manager ukuxilonga

I-Windows Device Manager iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokubona ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela. Uma uxhuma i-Arduino, kufanele ubone i-COM port entsha esigabeni esithi "Amachweba (COM kanye ne-LPT)".

Uma ipuleti lelayisensi lingabhaliwe lapho, hlola lezi zindawo:

• Amanye amadivaysiNgezinye izikhathi i-Arduino iboniswa njengedivayisi engaziwa enesithonjana sesixwayiso.
• Izilawuli ze-Universal Serial Bus (USB).Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ezingeni le-USB, kungavela iphutha elifakiwe.
• Amadivayisi okusebenza komuntuKwezinye izindlela ezikhethekile (njenge-DFU) i-chip ingavela ngezigaba ezingavamile.

Icala elivame kakhulu ukuthi ipuleti livela njenge "atmega16u2 dfu" ku-"Amanye amadivayisi". Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-microcontroller esebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB-serial ku-Arduino Uno (i-ATmega16U2 kokwasekuqaleni) isingenile. Imodi ye-DFU (Ukuthuthukiswa kweFirmware Yedivayisi)Kalula nje: i-chip ye-USB ilinde ukuthi i-firmware ilayishwe, ayisebenzi njenge-converter elandelanayo, yingakho ungayiboni i-COM port.

Uma ubona noma iyiphi idivayisi enesithonjana esiphuzi noma ephawulwe ngokuthi "ayibonakali", zama buyekeza umshayeli ngesandla Kusuka ku-Device Manager, thola ifolda yabashayeli efakwa yi-Arduino IDE. Ngezinye izikhathi i-Windows ayixhumanisi ngokuzenzakalelayo umshayeli ngendlela efanele, futhi kufanele uyifake ngesandla.

I-Arduino evela njenge-"atmega16u2 dfu" noma amanye amagama angajwayelekile

Uma ipuleti lakho lelayisensi livela njenge "atmega16u2 dfu" ku-Device ManagerKodwa-ke, inkinga icacile kakhulu: akukhona nje ukuthi umshayeli ulahlekile, ukuthi i-firmware ye-chip ye-USB cishe isuliwe noma yonakele.

Ku-Arduino Uno esemthethweni, i-ATmega16U2 isebenza njenge ibhuloho phakathi kwe-USB ne-serialIza ne-firmware efakwe efektri ehumusha idatha kusuka echwebeni le-USB le-PC iye kwi-UART ye-microcontroller eyinhloko. Uma ingena kumodi ye-DFU, iyayeka ukusebenza njengebhuloho bese iziveza njengedivayisi elungele ukuhleleka kabusha.

Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphathwa okungafanele, ukwehluleka ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza, ukuqhuma kwamandla, noma ngoba nje i-chip inephutha. Umphumela osebenzayo uwukuthi IWindows ngeke ibone imbobo ye-COM kuze kube yilapho i-firmware evumelekile ikhanya ku-ATmega16U2.

Ukuze ukulungise unayo izindlela ezimbili:

• Ukuhlela kabusha i-ATmega16U2 usebenzisa umhleli we-ISP noma enye i-Arduino njengomhleli wezinhlelo.
• Shintsha i-chip ngokoqoboLokhu kudinga ikhono ekuhlanganiseni nge-SMD futhi ngokuvamile akubizi kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi unolwazi oluphezulu ngesihloko.

Uma ukhetha ukuyihlela kabusha, ungasebenzisa enye i-Arduino (isibonelo, enye i-Uno esebenzayo) bese uyixhuma ku-ISP header yebhodi elonakele. Ngale ndlela udlula ingxenye ye-USB enenkinga bese ukhanyisa i-ATmega16U2 ngqo. Uma i-firmware efanele isibhaliwe, i-PC kufanele ibone ibhodi futhi ngokwesiko.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-chip yonakele ngokomzimba, Ukuyihlela kabusha ngeke kusize ngalutho.Ezinkundleni ezikhethekile, abasebenzisi abaningi batusa ukuthi ungagxili kakhulu emabhodini aguquliwe kakhulu: ungasebenzisa leyo Arduino enephutha kuphela njenge-microcontroller "engaphakathi", ulayishe izinhlelo nge-ISP kusuka kwenye i-Arduino, kodwa ukhohlwe ukuthi iqashelwa yi-PC nge-USB.

Izinkinga zokuhambisana kweWindows kanye nezinguqulo zesistimu

Izinguqulo ezahlukene ze-Windows zingasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu nge-Arduino efanayo. Kunezimo ezibhaliwe lapho Ibhodi lomama alibonakali kahle ngaphansi kwe-Windows 8.1, ngenkathi ixhunywe kwi-PC ene-Windows 7 isebenza kahle ngekhebula elifanayo kanye ne-IDE efanayo.

I-Windows 8.1 kanye neyakamuva ziqinile kakhulu ngezinye izindlela abashayeli abangasayiniwe noma abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathiUma une-driver endala kakhulu ye-Arduino noma i-clone driver efakiwe, kungase kubangele izingxabano. Uma kunjalo, ukukhipha abashayeli abadala ku-Device Manager nokufaka kabusha i-Arduino IDE esemthethweni kungase kuxazulule inkinga.

Uma unekhompyutha enesistimu yokusebenza ehlukile (isibonelo, Ubuntu, i-Debian, noma iyiphi i-Linux elula), ukuhlola lapho kuwusizo kakhulu: ku-Linux, amabhodi amaningi e-Arduino aqashelwa ngaphandle kokuthinta lutho, futhi uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi inkinga ikwi-Windows kuphela noma into engathi sína kakhulu ngehadiwe.

Kumakhompyutha amadala edeskithophu, ngisho nalawo asebenzisa i-Windows XP, amaphutha anjenge-«Idivayisi ye-USB ayibonwa"Lapho nje ngixhuma i-Arduino, ngisho nangemva kokufaka i-IDE kanye nabashayeli bayo. Lokhu kungabonisa noma yini evela ku-" isilawuli se-USB esidala kakhulu kuze kube yilapho ugesi unganele noma umonakalo ebhodini uqobo.

Njengoba kunikezwe la maphutha e-USB ajwayelekile, Hlola njalo komunye umshini Uma uphawu luphindaphindwa kumadivayisi amaningana ahlukene, amathuba okuthi imbangela yi-Arduino ayanda kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa ama-adapter e-USB-C, ama-dock, nama-intermediate hubs

Ngama-laptop amasha, sekuvamile ukuthola Amachweba e-USB-C kuphelaUma kunjalo, ayikho enye indlela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-adaptha noma idokhi ukuxhuma ikhebula le-USB-B le-Arduino Uno.

Akuwona wonke ama-adaptha afanayo: amanye amamodeli, afana nalawa athile Ama-dock anophawu oluhlanganisa ividiyo, inethiwekhi, i-USB kanye nokushajaBangase bafake izinkinga zokuhambisana noma bamane bahluleke ukunikeza amandla adingekayo kubhodi lomama. Uma usebenzisa i-Dell DA20 noma efanayo futhi usola ukuthi yiyona imbangela yenkinga, zama okulandelayo:

• Un i-adaptha elula ye-USB-C kuya ku-USB-A (ngaphandle kwezici ezengeziwe).
• Un ihabhu le-USB elisebenza ngaphandleukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukucima kukagesi.
• Enye imbobo ye-USB-C kukhompyutha ephathekayo efanayo, uma inamaningi.

Umqondo uwukuphika ukuthi inkinga ivela kuleyo ngxenye ephakathi. Uma ungabaza, ikhambi elithembeke kakhulu ngokuvamile i-adaptha ye-USB-C kuya ku-USB-A eyisisekelo, ephatha kuphela ukuguqulwa okungokoqobo ngaphandle kokwengeza izinto zikagesi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Lungiselela imbobo nebhodi ngendlela efanele ku-IDE ye-Arduino

Uma i-Device Manager ikhombisa i-COM port yebhodi, udinga ukuhlola ukucushwa ngaphakathi kwe- I-Arduino IDENgaphandle kwalokho, noma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza lukubona, ngeke ukwazi ukulayisha imidwebo.

Kumenyu ethi "Amathuluzi" ye-IDE kufanele uqinisekise izinguquko ezimbili ezibalulekile:

• IpuletiKhetha i-"Arduino Uno" uma ngempela iyi-Uno yokuqala noma ihambisana ngokuphelele.
• Isikhumulo: khetha i-COM port ehambisana ne-Arduino (leyo oyibonile ku-Device Manager).

Uma imenyu ethi "Port" ingakhombisi noma yimaphi ama-port ahlobene nebhodi, noma ubona kuphela ama-port amadala e-COM angashintshi uma uxhuma futhi unqamula i-Arduino, kusho ukuthi I-Windows ayikayiboni kahle idivayisi.Sibe sesibuyela ekuhloleni abashayeli, izintambo, kanye nehadiwe.

Uma ukucushwa kwebhodi lomama kanye nembobo kulungile kodwa ukulayisha kwehluleka ngemiyalezo yamaphutha efana nokuthi «umhleli wezinhlelo akaphenduli"Noma"eqe 500"Kungase kube nenkinga ye-bootloader ku-microcontroller eyinhloko (ATmega328P), kodwa leyo yinkinga ehlukile kunebhodi elingaveli ku-Device Manager."

Yizame kwamanye amakhompyutha kanye namanye amabhodi e-motherboard.

Icebo eliphumelelayo kakhulu lokugwema ukuhlanya ukuhlola ngokuphambene: Shintsha ikhompyutha yakho bese ushintsha ibhodi lakho lomama Uma unayo leyo nketho. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ingxenye enephutha.

Isibonelo, uma i-Arduino Uno yakho ingaveli ku-Device Manager ye-laptop yakho noma ye-desktop PC ngemva kokuzama izintambo eziningana, amathuba okuthi ibhodi lonakele aphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma I-Arduino ehlukile itholakala ngaphandle kwezinkinga Usebenzisa ikhebula ne-port efanayo kuwo womabili amadivayisi, uyaqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga ikwibhodi lomama elithile elingasebenzi.

Ngokufanayo, uma i-Arduino efanayo kanye nekhebula ku-PC endala ene-Windows XP kubonisa ukuthi "idivayisi ye-USB ayibonwa," kodwa kukhompyutha ephathekayo yesimanje ene-Windows 10 ibonakala ngokushesha njengechweba le-COM, kusobala ukuthi inkinga ayikho ebhodini kodwa nge- isilawuli se-USB esidala semishini emidala.

Amaforamu e-Arduino namaqembu abasebenzisi avame ukweluleka ngokuchitha amahora namahora besebenza ebhodini elinengxenye ye-USB eyonakele ngokusobala: Sebenzisa enye ukuze uzame futhi ufunde, futhi ishiya leyo enephutha kuphela ngemisebenzi ethile kakhulu (isibonelo, njengobuchopho obuqinile bephrojekthi olayisha kuyo uhlelo nge-ISP).

Hlela kabusha i-bootloader bese usebenzisa enye i-Arduino njengomhleli wezinhlelo

Uma kusolwa ukuthi inkinga iku-firmware, abasebenzisi abaningi bayazama phinda ukhanyise i-bootloader ye-ATmega328P (i-microcontroller eyinhloko ye-Arduino Uno) ecabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzovumela i-PC ukuthi ikubone futhi. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi lokhu kuxazulula amaphutha ahlobene nokulayisha imidwebo kuphela, hhayi ukutholwa kwe-USB.

I-bootloader inesibopho salokhu ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwe-PC kanye ne-microcontroller ukuvumela uhlelo ukulayisha ngaphandle kwehadiwe eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma i-chip ye-USB (i-ATmega16U2 noma enye i-converter kuma-clones) inephutha noma ingenayo i-firmware, ukuvuselela kabusha i-bootloader ye-ATmega328P ngeke kubangele i-Windows ukuthi ibone idivayisi njenge-COM port.

Lapho kunengqondo khona sebenzisa enye i-Arduino njengomhleli wezinhlelo kungenxa yokuthi:

• Hlela kabusha i-firmware ye-chip ye-USB (ATmega16U2) ngesixhumi se-ISP.
• Layisha imidwebo ngqo ku-ATmega328P kusuka kubhodi lomama elinembobo ye-USB efile, ukuze uqhubeke uyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwesixhumi sayo esibonakalayo.

Ohlwini lweposi kanye namaqembu okuphrinta e-3D (lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-Arduino amaningi njengabalawuli) kuvame ukukhulunywa ukuthi, uma i-chip ye-USB isifile, Akufanelekile ukulwa kakhulu Uma ungenalo ulwazi namathuluzi kagesi e-SMD, kuvame ukuba ngcono ukuphatha lelo bhodi "njengelikhethekile" (ngaphandle kwe-USB) bese ugxila kwelinye lokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Uma ungakakwazi ukufunda i-electronics noma i- uhlelo Ezingeni eliphansi, ukudlala ngama-chips e-SMD noma i-flashing firmware yokuhlola kungaba yikhanda elibuhlungu langempela. Kulezo zimo, into ehlakaniphe kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukusebenzisa le nkinga ukuze Funda ukusebenzisa elinye ibhodi elisebenza ngempela. bese ushiya imizamo yokulungisa ethuthukisiwe ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.

Izimpawu ezicacile zokuthi ibhodi le-Arduino lingase lonakale

Ngemva kokuhlola izintambo, ama-port, abashayeli, ukuhlola kuma-PC amaningana, kanye nokudlala nge-IDE, kunezimpawu ezithile ezikhomba ngokusobala ku- ukwehluleka kwehadiwe ku-Arduino uqobo.

Ezinye izinkomba ezijwayelekile Yilezi:

• Ipuleti I-LED enamandla iyakhanya kodwa ayitholakali nganoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, ngisho noma "kuyidivayisi engaziwa".
• Kuhlala kubonakala sengathi "atmega16u2 dfu" futhi akukho mzamo wokuphinda uhlele i-firmware onomthelela ozinzile.
• Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokusetshenziswa, yaqala ukubola nqamula bese uxhuma kabusha ngokungahleliwe kuze kube yilapho ingasakwazi ukuqashelwa ngokuphelele.
• Ziyaziswa izimpawu zokushisa ngokweqile noma izingxenye ezonakele eduze kwe-chip ye-USB noma isilawuli se-voltage.

Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukufaka kabusha abashayeli ngokuphindaphindiwe noma ukushintsha amachweba ngeke kusebenze izimangaliso. Iqiniso liwukuthi lokho akuvamile. I-chip yokuxhumana ye-USB-serial iyeke ukusebenza.Ngobuchwepheshe ingashintshwa, kodwa phakathi kwezindleko zengxenye, ubunzima bokushisela, kanye el tiempo Uma utshalwa imali, kuvame ukuba ngcono ukuthenga i-motherboard entsha noma i-clone eshibhile.

Lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uyilahle: njengoba kushiwo, ingasetshenziswa futhi. sebenzisa i-microcontroller eyinhloko ngokulayisha izinhlelo nge-ISP noma ukuyisebenzisa "njengemojuli ehleliwe" kuphrojekthi lapho ungeke udinge ukuxhumana okuqondile kwe-USB nekhompyutha.