Uyenza njani, ulawule, kwaye ubuyisele iisnapshots kwiVMware

Kwihlabathi elikhawulezayo lolawulo lweenkqubo, lineendlela ezithembekileyo zokukhusela imeko ye oomatshini ababonayo, uhlaziyo lokuvavanya okanye iinkqubo zokubuyisela emva kweempazamo zibalulekile. izifinyezo okanye izifinyezo kwiVMware Baye baba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubalawuli kunye neengcali, okubavumela ukuba basebenze ngokukhuselekileyo xa bejongene neenguqu ezinkulu kwiiseva kunye nezicelo.

Nangona olu luphawu olunamandla, kukho imibuzo emininzi kunye neentsomi ezijikeleze ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iingenelo, imida, kunye nolawulo olululo. Ke ngoko, kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, uya kufumanisa yonke into ebalulekileyo (kunye namaqhinga ambalwa) okulawula i-snapshots kwi-VMware, ukusuka kwiziseko, iifayile ezibandakanyekayo, amanyathelo achanekileyo okudala kunye nokubuyisela i-snapshots, kwizikhokelo eziphambili zokuthintela ukusebenza kunye nemiba yokugcina.

Yintoni kanye i-snapshot kwi-VMware?

Omnye ngokucacileyo Ngokwesiseko ngumfanekiso wenqaku-ngexesha lomatshini wenyani (VM), uthatha imeko yawo epheleleyo ngephanyazo elinikiweyo: ukuquka imixholo yeediski zenyani, inkumbulo (ukuba ikhethiwe), kunye noqwalaselo lomatshini. Isebenza "njengefoto" yedijithali yeVM, ukugcina eyona ndawo ungabuyela kuyo ukuba kukho ukubuyisela umva xa usenza utshintsho, iipetshi zokuvavanya, uhlaziyo, okanye ukuphuhlisa inkqubo.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kucace ukuba ayilingani nogcino lwemveli. I-snapshot ixhomekeke kwiidiski zokuqala kwaye yenzelwe ukunika amandla ukubuyisela umva okukhawulezayo nangokufanelekileyo, kodwa ukuba i-VM yokuqala ilahleka, i-snapshot yodwa ayisayi kwanela ukubuyisela yonke into. Ngoko ke, Izifinyezo zizixhobo ezincedisayo kodwa akufuneki zibhideke okanye zibuyisele ii-backups eziqhelekileyo..

Zeziphi iisnapshots ezisetyenziselwa iVMware?

Injongo ephambili ye-snapshots yenza amanqaku okubuyisela okukhawulezayo ngaphambi kokusebenza okubandakanya inqanaba elithile lomngciphekoImizekelo eqhelekileyo apho ibalulekile:

• Ngaphambi kokufaka uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza okanye ufake iipetshi kwizicelo.
• Ngaphambi kohlengahlengiso olunzulu loqwalaselo okanye ufakelo lwenkqubo entsha yesoftware okanye abaqhubi.
• Ngexesha lovavanyo okanye iinkqubo zophuhliso, ikuvumela ukuba "uphule" umatshini kwaye emva koko uhlehlise utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle komgudu.
• Njengenkxaso yethutyana yeenkqubo ze backup kwinqanaba lokusingatha, njengoko ezinye izisombululo zisebenzisa i-snapshots ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwedatha.

kunjalo, Azenzelwanga ukuba zisetyenziswe njengogcino oluqinisekileyo okanye ukuba zigcinwe zisebenza ngokungenasiphelo.Ukuba ne-snapshots ezininzi okanye ezindala yindlela yokupheka intlekele: kunokukhokelela kwiibhotile, imiba yendawo, kunye nomngcipheko worhwaphilizo lwedatha.

I-snapshots isebenza njani kwaye zeziphi iifayile ezibandakanyekayo?

Xa uthatha i-snapshot kwi-VMware, Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweefayile kunye neendlela zangaphakathi zenzelwe "ukumisa" imeko ye-VM:

• Iifayile zeDelta (-delta.vmdk okanye -00000x.vmdk): Idisk eyohlukileyo iveliswa kumfanekiso okhawulezayo ngamnye. Ezi fayile zirekhoda lonke utshintsho olulandelayo olwenziwe kwidiski ukususela oko kuthatyathwe umfanekiso okhawulezayo. I-delta nganye isebenza njenge "log log" enxulumene nediski yesiseko kwaye ayinakuze ibe nkulu kunefayile yentsusa (nangona inokusondela kwiimeko ezinzima).
• .vmsd: Le fayile igcina imetadata kunye nolwazi lolawulo malunga nazo zonke iisnapshots ezinxulumene neVM. Ibandakanya iimbekiselo, amagama, izichongi ezizodwa, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwesnapshots kunye nomzali kunye nomntwana.
• .vmsn: Le yifayile yemeko yomatshini wenyani ngexesha lomfanekiso okhawulezayo. Ukuba ukhetha ukugcina imemori ye-VM, le fayile iya kuba ne-RAM yokulahla kunye neemegabytes ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo. Ngaphandle koko, ubukhulu bayo buya kuncitshiswa.
• Iifayile zethutyana: Ngethuba lokucinywa kwe-snapshot okanye ukudibanisa, iifayile ze-delta ezongezelelweyo zingabonakala zigqibe ukudibanisa kweenguqu ezirekhodiweyo.

Zonke ezi fayile, Ngokungagqibekanga, bahlala kulawulo olufanayo njengomatshini wenyani, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuzifudusa ngesandla ngokuhlela uqwalaselo ukuba kukho iimfuno zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo okanye ukugcinwa.

Ingakanani indawo ethathwa ziifayile zesnapshot kwaye zikhula njani?

El Isithuba esifunwa yi-snapshot sixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzi womatshini wenyani. emva kokudalwa kwabo. Iifayile zeDelta ziqala zincinci (ngokuqhelekileyo i-16 MB), kodwa njengoko idiski ibhala iyenzeka, ikhula kwiibhloko. Ukuba usebenza neeseva ezenza imisebenzi emininzi yokubhala (enje yolwazi SQL, Utshintshiselwano, njl.njl.), iifayile zedelta zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kubukhulu obukhulu.

Ubukhulu bobungakanani bomfanekiso okhawulezayo abusoze bugqithe kwidiski yoqobo.Umzekelo, ukuba utshintsha ngokupheleleyo yonke ibhloko kwidiski emva kokuthatha umfanekiso okhawulezayo, ifayile yedelta iyakulingana nobukhulu befayile yesiseko, kunye nentloko encinci yobugcisa.

Iliso: Inkqubo yefayile yeVMFS ibeka imida yobungakanani kwiidiski zenyani. Ukuba isimbuku sediski kunye ne-snapshot engaphezulu igqithise le mida, ukuyila imifanekiso emitsha kunokusilela. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela le mida xa uchaza ubungakanani beediski zakho zenyani ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa izifinyezo rhoqo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwesnapshots kunye ne-backups

Nangona kubalawuli abaninzi be-novice kunokubonakala kufana, Izifinyezo zisebenza umsebenzi owahluke kakhulu kunezogcino.:

• Izifinyezo: Baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiifayile zoomatshini bokuqala. Aziqulathanga ikopi ezimeleyo, epheleleyo yazo zonke iinkcukacha; bamane bagcina iiyantlukwano ukususela kwindawo yokugqibela "yokukhenkceza." Ukuba iidiski ezisisiseko zicinyiwe, i-snapshots ayikwazi ukubuyisela i-VM.
• Izincedisi: Ziikopi ezizimeleyo, ezigcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye zinokwakha kwakhona umatshini wonke wenyani nokuba ifayile yoqobo ilahleka. Banikezela ngokhuseleko lwedatha lokwenyani kunye nokubuyiselwa kwentlekele.

Ungaze usebenzise i-snapshots njengeyona ndlela yokhuseleko yedatha ebalulekileyo okanye iinkqubo zemveliso.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezicetyiswayo kunye nezilumkiso

Ukusebenzisa i-snapshots Kucetyiswa ngokukodwa uphuhliso, uvavanyo kunye neendawo zebhubhoratri. Apho, ukukwazi ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yangaphambili kubalulekile kwaye kugcina iiyure ezininzi zomsebenzi xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga.

Nangona kunjalo, Kwiimeko zemveliso akukhuthazwa ukuba ube ne-snapshots esebenzayo ixesha elide.Ukuba i-snapshot yenziwe kwindawo yokuvelisa kwiimfuno ezithile, kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha ukuthotywa kokusebenza, imiba yendawo, kunye nokungahambelani kwediski okanye imemori.

Kwakhona, Imixokelelwane emide ye-snapshots inokubangela intloko yokwenyani.: Amanqaku angaphezulu ebotshwe ngetyathanga, kubiza kakhulu kwisixokelelwano sokugcina ukwakha kwakhona i-VM state, ekubeni kufuneka ibuze zonke i-deltas ngokulandelelana ngaphambi kokufikelela kwidiski yesiseko.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeefayile ezenza umfanekiso okhawulezayo?

Sele sizibonile ezinye, kodwa kufanelekile ukuphonononga kwaye sijonge nzulu kwinto nganye:

• .vmdk (isiseko sediski): Master disk ifayile yomatshini obonakalayo.
• -00000x.vmdk (i-disk delta okanye iredo log): Irekhodi yazo zonke iinguqu emva kokuba i-snapshot yenziwe. Kumfanekiso omtsha omtsha, enye ifayile yolu hlobo yongezwa. Xa icinyiwe, utshintsho ludityaniswa kwakhona kwidiski yomzali.
• .vmsd: Idatabase yemetadata yaloo VM's snapshots. Iyakhula ngalo lonke ixesha isnapshot entsha isenziwa kwaye igcina ubudlelwane phakathi komzali nomntwana.
• .vmsn: Ubume obuchanekileyo be-VM ngexesha le-snapshot (ukhetho luquka ukulahla i-RAM epheleleyo).

Xa zonke ii-snapshots zicinyiwe, iifayile ze-delta zihlanganiswe kwi-disk yesiseko kwaye yonke ifayile encedisayo yesakhiwo iyacinywa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Uyenza njani i-snapshot kwi-VMware inyathelo ngenyathelo

Landela le nkqubo ukwenza imifanekiso ekhawulezayo kumxhasi wolawulo (vSphere Client HTML5 iinguqulelo 6.5, 6.7, 7.0, nangaphezulu):

1. Cofa ekunene kumatshini wenyani ofuna ukwenza umfanekiso okhawulezayo wawo. kwaye ukhethe "Izifinyezo > Thatha umfanekiso."
2. Kwincoko yababini evulayo, nika igama nenkcazo. Yongeza ulwazi olwaneleyo ukuze uchonge injongo kunye nomxholo wesnapshot, ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuwulawula kamva.
3. Yenza isigqibo sokuba ziquka imemori ye-VMUkuba umatshini wenyani uvuliwe kwaye ukhetha ukugcina imemori, i-snapshot iya kubandakanya imeko ephilayo yomatshini, ikuvumela ukuba ubuyele kuloo ndawo kanye (iinkqubo, iinkonzo, njl.). Ukuba awukhethi olu khetho, i-snapshot iya kubuyisela idatha, kodwa i-VM iya kuqala emva koko ngelixa icinyiwe.
4. Ukuba kufanelekile, khetha ukhetho thula ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwedatha (kubaluleke kakhulu kwiiseva ezibhala idatha ebalulekileyo kwidiski).
5. Cofa ku YakhaUmsebenzi okhawulezayo uya kuvela kwiqela lemisebenzi yakutshanje.

Icebiso: Nangona unokwenza i-snapshot kunye ne-VM esebenzayo, ukwenza oko ngomatshini ocinyiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okukhulu kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka.

Ukulawula kunye nokubuyisela i-snapshots

Emva kokudala i-snapshot, unokujonga, uhlele, ucime, okanye ubuyisele nawaphi na amanqaku agciniweyo ngoMphathi we-Snapshot okanye kwimenyu ye-VM:

• Buyela: Ibuyisela umatshini wenyani kwimeko ebekuyo xa lo mfanekiso ukhawuleza wawusenziwa.
• Hlela: Ikuvumela ukuba uguqule igama kunye nenkcazo.
• Susa: Cima umfanekiso okhawulezayo okhethiweyo, ukudibanisa utshintsho kwidiski yomzali.
• Cima zonke: Icima zonke iisnapshots ezisebenzayo, idibanisa lonke utshintsho kwidiski yokuqala.

Xa ucima umfanekiso okhawulezayo, isixokelelwano sidibanisa utshintsho ukusuka kwiifayile zedelta ukuya kwidiski engundoqo. Ixesha efunekayo ukugqiba lo msebenzi kuxhomekeke kumthamo wedatha elungisiweyo ukusukela kumfanekiso okhawulezayo wokugqibela.

Ukuba ukhetha buyela kumfanekiso okhawulezayo oko akubandakanyi inkumbulo, i-VM iya kubuyela kwimeko yayo yangaphambili, kodwa iqalwe ngokubandayo (icinyiwe). Ukuba i-snapshot iyayigcina i-RAM, umatshini uya kuvela kanye njengoko wawunjalo ngexesha lokubanjwa, kuquka ukuqhuba iinkqubo, iinkonzo, kunye neefestile ezivulekileyo.

Ukuzenzekela izifinyezo ngoLayini womyalelo kunye nePowerCLI

Ukongeza kujongano lwegraphical, Kuyenzeka ukwenza kunye nokulawula izifinyezo usebenzisa imiyalelo kwi-console okanye izikripthiOku kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo, uyidibanise kwezinye iinkqubo, okanye ulawule iindawo ezinoomatshini abaninzi.

Ezinye iisintaksi eziqhelekileyo:

• ukuba yenza umfanekiso okhawulezayo usebenzisa iPowerCLI:
  get-vm NOMBRE_VM | new-snapshot -Memory -quiesce -name "Nombre de la snapshot"
• ukuba cima umfanekiso okhawulezayo ukugcina isazisi sakho kuguquko:
  Remove-Snapshot -Snapshot $snap -RemoveChildren
• ukuba buyela kumfanekiso okhawulezayo ngqo:
  get-vm "NOMBRE_VM" | set-vm -snapshot "Nombre de la snapshot" -confirm:$false

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yemveli kwi-ESXi console okanye vSphere CLI:
vmware-cmd nombre.vmx createsnapshot nombre 'descripción' 1 1
Eyokugqibela isi-1 ibonisa ukuba uyafuna na ukumisa inkumbulo ye-VM, kwaye eyesibini ukuya kokugqibela isi-1 ibonisa ukuba uyafuna na ukuthomalalisa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ibhokisi yeSand yeWindows (WSB): Esona Sikhokelo sokuSebenzisa iSandbox yeWindows

UIsake

Umbhali onomdla malunga nehlabathi le-bytes kunye netekhnoloji ngokubanzi. Ndiyakuthanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwam ngokubhala, kwaye yile nto ndiza kuyenza kule bhlog, ndikubonise zonke izinto ezinomdla malunga nezixhobo, isoftware, ihardware, iindlela zetekhnoloji, kunye nokunye. Injongo yam kukukunceda uhambe kwihlabathi ledijithali ngendlela elula neyonwabisayo.