Umyalelo: Imisebenzi yangoku: Inqanaba lemfazwe yaseSpain vs. Morocco

Ukuba unomdla kukulinganisa komkhosi kwaye unomdla kwindlela ungquzulwano phakathi ISpain kunye neMorocco Kumdlalo wemfazwe wale mihla, ufike kwindawo elungileyo. Apha sihlanganisa ezona zibalaseleyo kuluntu, uhlalutyo lwezemfundo, kunye Iimeko ezinokudlalwa ukuqonda indlela Umyalelo: Imisebenzi yanamhlanje (CMO) ijongana nolu ngquzulwano olucingelwayo.

Ngaphaya kokuzonwabisa, sithetha ngesihloko esisetyenziswa njengoncedo lokufundisa kunye nokuba iwonga phakathi kweengcali. Ukusuka kwimithambo ye Imfazwe ebandayo Ukusuka kwiingxaki zokwenyani eCeuta, eMelilla, okanye kwiZiqithi zeChafarinas, i-ecosystem ye-CMO ibonelela ngelabhoratri egqibeleleyo yokuphonononga amaqhinga, amandla, kunye nezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo ngobunzulu obungaqhelekanga.

Yintoni Umyalelo: Imisebenzi yangoku?

'Umyalelo: Imisebenzi yangoku' ngumdlalo wemfazwe wePC okuvumela ukuba ulinganise imisebenzi ye-multi-domain ukusuka kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ukuya kwiimeko ezizayo. Eyona nto yahlukileyo ngayo yinjini yayo Ukulinganisa okwenyani edibanisa abenzi boluvo, imfundiso, ulungiselelo kunye nemithetho yangoku yothethathethwano.

Umda kunye nokuqina kwe-CMO kuye kwatsala amaziko anzulu: impumelelo yawo yafikelela kwinqanaba lokuba umdlalo Yabambana nomkhosi wePentagon, ukuqinisa udumo lwayo njengesixhobo esiluncedo sokuqhelisela ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokuvavanya iikhonsepthi zokusebenza ngaphandle kokudubula nakanye.

Iimeko kunye nohlaziyo: ukusuka kwiMfazwe ebandayo ukuya kwiingxabano zobomi bokwenyani

Uluntu luhlaziya rhoqo i Uluhlu lweemeko kunye nePhakeji yeemeko zoLuntu, ukongeza ubufundisi ukusuka kwintelekelelo Ukungqubana kweSivumelwano se-NATO-Warsaw kumaphulo angoku. Oku kuhamba okuqhubekayo kugcina umdlalo uphila nge umxholo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi ulwazi kakhulu.

Kunye nenye imbali yeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiThathu, ababhali nabo babandakanyiwe imisebenzi yokwenyani yatolikwa ngokutsha. Iinguqulelo ezigxile kumsebenzi zibalasele Leo Ascendant nakutsha nje Iphulo le-airstrike lakwaSirayeli malunga Iziseko ze-Iranian, evavanya ukhuselo lomoya ngobunzulu, imfazwe ye-elektroniki kunye I-ISR phambili.

ISpain vs. Morocco kwi-CMO: ukusuka kuluntu ukuya kumatanki okucinga

Phakathi kwamagalelo akutsha nje kugqame imeko ecinga ukuba a ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kweSpain neMorocco kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Kwi-CMO ivele njenge 'Chafarinas, 2029', apho ingxaki ikhula ukusuka kwindawo engwevu ukuya kwi ukunyanzeliswa kwenqanawa yomoya, igxile kwinkululeko yokuhamba kunye nolawulo lwe indawo yomoya.

Olu hlobo lokuzilolonga aluhlali kwihlabathi lokuzonwabisa. Uhlalutyo lwezifundo lucebisa ukuba Ceuta ngo-2030 Iimeko ezimbini ezivakalayo zemfazwe-enye ngokuchasene ne Umbuso wamaSilamsi kunye nenye yokuqina okuphezulu ngokuchasene Morocco— kusetyenziswa iindlela I-METT-TC y PESTELI-confluence yoluntu lwe-wargaming kunye nohlalutyo lweqhinga lunikeza a umbono obanzi kunzima ukufumana ngokwahlukeneyo.

'Chafarinas, 2029': isishwankathelo, ubuthunywa, kunye nobukrelekrele

Iqonga'Chafarinas, 2029' iqala emva kwe2028 ephawulwe yi ukuwohloka yobudlelwane bamazwe amabini. IMorocco iqinisa isicwangciso sayo soku indawo eGrey ngeenxa zonke eCeuta kunye neMelilla ngoxinzelelo lokufuduka, ukuhlukaniswa kwezoqoqosho kunye amaphulo olwaziIsiqalo yaba kukuvela kwamatsha ntliziyo kwisiqithi sase-Isabel II kunye nesibhengezo se-Moroccan esilandelayo. umoya kunye nolwandle oluvaliweyo kweziqithi.

ISpain iyasabela ukunqumla itrafikhi Umoya kunye nokusebenza kolwandle kwi-Strait kunye noLwandle lwe-Alboran kwaye iqala umsebenzi wenkululeko wokuhamba. Iqela le-Audaz-kunye ne BAM Audaz ukuhambisa umkhumbi oncedisayo-izenzo zokuthintela ukunyuka, ukuxhaswa ngamafrigates F-105 uChristopher Columbus y F-85 Navarra, kunye nokomelezwa kuhambo: F-101 Alvaro de Bazan y F-111 Bonifaz. I S-81 Inkwili yase-Isaac Peral ixhasa ngobulumko.

Injongo yaseSpain kukuphumeza ulawulo olulungileyo ukusuka elwandle nasesibhakabhakeni ukubonelela iiChafarinas. Ukuba kukho inkcaso exhobileyo, usetyenziso olukhethiweyo lwamandla ngokuchasene neeyunithi ezinoxanduva tshixa, ukuphepha ukuhlasela Iziseko zaseMorocco kumhlaba wayo ukuze ingavuli imfazwe ebanzi ngaphandle kwenkxaso emanyeneyo eqinisekisiweyo.

Ngobukrelekrele, iMorocco yayiza kuthunyelwa UBharaki-8 kunye ne-MICA yokhuselo lomoya, nge F-16V eSidi Slimane kunye F-16C/D kuBen Guerir; nkqu ukusetyenziswa F-5 ngendima echasene nenqanawa evela eMeknes. Phezulu, baya kusebenza OPV Rais Bargach, iFREMM U-Mohamed VI kunye neSIGMA Tarik Ben Ziyad, kunye ne-SIGMA USultan Moulay Ismail kwiAtlantiki. Kumhlaba, i-artillery off Chafarinas kwaye kufuphi neStrait kwaye ukuya kuthi ga amajoni amane eHarop uluhlu olude. Inyathelo lokuqala le satellite Paz ingahlaziya isakhelo sobuchule.

Impumelelo ikwalinganiswa ngolungiselelo lomoya: ukubonelela nge CH-47F Chinook esekelwe e Melilla ngaphantsi kweeyure ezisixhenxe, nto leyo enyanzela umdlali ukuba ukulungelelanisa umoya nolwandle phantsi koxinzelelo lwexeshana kunye nemidiya.

Ukulungiswa kunye nogcino-lwazi: izixhobo zoluntu zaseSpain

Uninzi luhlala kunye kwi-CMO yolwazi -DB3k y CWDB-kwaye oko kwenza izinto zibe nzima kubahleli abatsha: yintoni kwiDB enye i-hangar, kwenye inokuba ihotele. Umdali we Uluntu lwaseSpain isonjululwe le ngxaki ngokuguqula umoya kunye neziseko zolwandle ukusuka eSpain, Morocco kunye Western Sahara ukuya zombini DB.

Umsebenzi ubandakanya iinguqulelo ezintsha ze Zaragoza Air Base (ngengoma yesibini kunye nommandla wangaphambili waseMelika) kunye ne Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseValencia-Manises (kunye nangaphandle kwendawo yasemkhosini yembali), ukongeza kuthungelwano lwe iirada zokulumkisa kwangoko ISpanish ngamaxesha amane - ukusuka kwi-EAC ngo-1958 ukuya kumanyano lwe ILanza kunye neRAT-31 3D—.

KwiMorocco kongezwa isiseko UBen Guerir, yaye eSahara zaphinda zakhiwa kwasekuqaleni El Aaiún, Dakhla kunye noSmara ezineebhankere kunye neendawo zokugcina zilungelelaniswe kwindawo yazo yokwenyani. Olu hlobo lwemod lwenza imisebenzi ibe lula. yimbali kwaye iyavakala kwaye kunciphisa ukungqubana kobugcisa kubaqulunqi.

I-Prequel kunye namaphulo: I-NAIL kunye nohlaselo kwiiCanary Islands

Indawo yeCMO ethetha iSpanish inomnombo. I-Community Scenario Package ineziqwenga ezifana I-Green Tide (2013), malunga nokulwa phezu kwamaqonga okukhutshwa ngaphandle kweCanary Islands, okanye i-duo ebhiyozelwa Ukwakha iCage (prequel) kunye Cage's Cage (2005), ebonisa ukuvela kwe UMbutho wamaSilamsi kuMntla Afrika (NAIL) kunye nesiphumo sokhuselo lweSpanish.

Imeko ye-NAIL eneenkcukacha ngakumbi ibeka isiqalo somsebenzi wokulwa neCanary Islands nge-15 Septemba 2005. Imanyano-kunye IAlgeria, iLibya, iJiphutha kunye neMorocco-Ujolisa izixhobo zokuvimba kunye nokubetha imikhosi yaseSpain ngelixa ekhapha iinqanawa zokumisa ezintathu zeBartral eziqithini.

Elwandle, i-NAIL iyahambelana iinkwili ezintathu (Romeo, Foxtrot kunye neAlgerian Kilo 012 Rais Hadj Mudaberk), ezimbini Nanuchka II (801 Rais Hamidou kunye 416 Ziyad), i F-951 Najim Al Zafir (Uhlobo 53) kunye HY-1J, i F-611 Mohammed V (Floréal), zimbini Ifunyenwe -F946 Abu Qir (Harpoon IC) kunye noF501 uLieutenant Colonel Errahmani- kunye nababini Perry waseYiputa (F916 kunye neF911) kunye nesonar erhuqwayo, Imijukujelwa ye-SAM kunye ne-SSM, I-CIWS kunye neenqwelo-moya ezine SH-2G Seasprite. Ide isebenzise a 35 m inqanawa yokuloba ukufumana ulwazi kumantla eziqithi.

Emoyeni, umanyano ludibanisa i-10 I-Mirage F1EH (Sidi Slimane), 5 MiG-29C kunye ne-7 MiG-25P (Meknes), 9 Su-24MK2 (Casablanca) exhobe ezimfutshane-uluhlu AS-14s for ugwayimbo oluchasene nenqanawa, 2 I-KC-130H, 2 I-Falcon 20 ECM, 2 E-2C Hawkeye (Marrakech), 14 F-16CG Block 42, 5 MiG-25P kunye ne-14 Su-22M-3K (El Aaiún) ngemijukujelwa anti-radiation ukunciphisa ukhuselo lomoya wesiqithi.

Ubukrelekrele buqikelela nokuba ibe nye Inkwili yodidi lweGalerna ISpanish, ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha seenqanawa zomhlaba, F-18 yePhiko lama-46 kunye nokuqiniswa ukusuka usingasiqithi, nge P-3B Orion, iihelicopter Seahawk y NASAMS II emhlabeni. Iinjongo ze-NAIL zicacile: khapha ii-LST, nciphisa iinqanawa zaseSpain kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo Iziseko zaseCanary Islands ukusetyenziswa kamva.

I-Ceuta 2030 kwibhodi yokuzoba: iimeko ezimbini zokusebenza

Owona msebenzi unzima wezemfundo kwingxabano yaseSpain-Morocco ithatha iCeuta ngo-2030 njengesiseko sayo. Ichaza imeko ebonwa kwangaphambili yemikhosi, i izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo yomibini imikhosi kunye neemeko ezimbini zokulwa okucocekileyo: ukuvukela kunye Ukuqina okuphezulu.

Abadlali kunye neendlela kude kube ngu-2030

ESpain, ukubuyiswa kwe imililo yexesha elide, ukungena kwe Iinkwili ze-S-80 Plus, oovimba bembumbulu kangangenyanga yokulwa okuqatha kunye a Ubunakho be-C-UAS ilinganiselwe kodwa iluncedo ekudaleni amaqamza asekuhlaleni. Phakathi kweziphene: ilahleko ye ukongama komoya osekwe ngumthwali (ngaphandle kwe-F-35B emva komhlalaphantsi we-Harrier), ukuthotywa kwezixhobo chivalry kunye nobunzima bokusebenza kwe 8×8 Dragon ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuqhuba.

Iflotilla icwangciswe eMorocco ngaphantsi kwamanzi incinci kuneSpanish kodwa ithelekiseka, ikhula ngobuchwephesha, HIMARS, AH-64 Apache, uphuculo lwezixhobo, ezinkulu ugcino lwabantu ngokubuya kwenkonzo yasemkhosini, imikhosi ekhethekileyo eqeqeshwe yi-US kunye nokutsiba okuphawulekayo ubunakho be-cyber ngenkxaso yakwaSirayeli. Njenge-ballast: ukungabikho IADS edibeneyo, umndilili ophantsi wobugcisa kunye nemida yokuzinza ixesha elide.

Imeko 1: Imfazwe yasezidolophini ngokuchasene noMbuso wamaSilamsi

Kucwangciswe uhlobo logqabhuko-dubulo Marawi igxile eCeuta, inabalwi abangama-500 kunye nabancedisi abangama-500, ubuninzi be iidrone zorhwebo, iitonela kunye nenkxaso yepropaganda yangaphandle. IMorocco iya kugcina a ukungabi namdla zibaliwe. ISpain yayiza kufumana uncedo olulinganiselweyo USA ukusuka Rota (izixhobo, imikhosi ekhethekileyo, i-ISR).

Injongo: ukuphelisa umbutho ngokukhusela abemi boluntuUtshaba lusebenza ngomyalelo ophakathi kunye nonxibelelwano olusemngciphekweni (iiselula, iirediyo ezilula), iimbumbulu, abadubuli abanamava kunye nezixhobo eziphuculweyo eziqhumayo, ezinolungiselelo olusondele kunye neetonela ezingasemva.

Umhlaba we El Príncipe -ezona ndawo ziphakamileyo ezifana neSibhedlele seYunivesithi, iinqaba zembali, izitalato ezimxinwa, uphahla olunemigangatho kunye neentambo ezingaphezulu-ikhetha ukhuseleko lwedolophu. Iitonela kunye "akukho ndawo zokuya"Phakamisa amaxabiso azo nakuphi na ukungena ngokungxama.

ISpain yayiza kubhenela kuyo Umkhosi, Rhoqo, i-MOE, i-sappers, i-COAAAS, iitanki Ingwe 2E kunye neVCI IPizarro, ngenkxaso ye MQ-9 Umvuni, I-FAC ye-EZAPAC kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, umlilo we-naval we F-110 nge 127/64 Vulcan. Isitshixo: ukudibanisa abantwana abahambahambayo, izithuthi ezixhobileyo kunye UAS kwaye aphelise ucalucalulo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweemoto esixekweni.

Imozulu yasebusika eCeuta ayithinteli ukusebenza, ngaphandle kweemvula zamaxesha athile kunye izikhukula yendawo. Ulawulo loluntu-iindawo zokufuduka, ukuhlangula abathinjwa, imisebenzi yengqondo—iba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkxaso yezentlalo nezopolitiko.

Imeko 2: Imfazwe eqatha neMorocco

Ukuvula olu khetho, utshintsho lwangaphambili luyacatshangelwa: ukuqondwa kumazwe ngamazwe kwe I-Sahara yesiqhelo Ukuya eRabat, inkosi yatshintshwa ikhefu kwibhalansi yemfundiso kunye nokuqina kokuqina. Isikhundla saseSpain. I-US kunye neFransi ziya kuba ngathathi hlangothi, i-EU yayiza kubonelela ngenkxaso yezopolitiko kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye iAlgeria yayiza kuthabatha ithuba lokubeka uxinzelelo kwiPolisario.

Injongo yaseMorocco iya kuba kukuthatha kunye uhlala eCeutaUkusasazwa kokuqala kuya kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwakhona kwemikhosi enzima, ukuthengwa kweegondola kunye neenqwelo zokuthutha, iziseko ezitsha emantla kunye imisebenzi yolwazi oko kugxeka iSpeyin. Uqoqosho lwamazwe amabini lu ingaphuka -ngeempembelelo kushishino lweemoto- kwaye ukuthunyelwa kunye nee-asethi ziya kumiswa.

Ukuhlasela iCeuta, iRabat kuya kufuneka yahlule imikhosi yayo kwimida emininzi: iMelilla, iAlgeria, unxweme lweAtlantiki I-Sahara yesiqheloAmandla anokubakho: a i-paratrooper brigade kwiintaba zasentshona kunye a ibrigade engoomatshini ukutyhala ukusuka eTarajal ukudlula e-El Príncipe, ngokutyhala ngamathuba athile emanzini. IiArtillery eziziqhubelayo kunye neerokhethi (HIMARS) ingagquma i-axis, ngelixa i F-16 ingakhusela inkunzi kwaye ibethe iithagethi zomkhosi waselwandle.

ISpain yayiza kuba nayo 8 brigades zoMhlaba kunye ne Marine Infantry Brigade, kodwa kufuneka yabele inxalenye yeCanary Islands kunye neMelilla. Umkhosi wamanzi uza kumisela indawo ye ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle emoyeni wenqanawa izikhukula ezingaphelelanga kufutshane nonxweme lwaseMoroccan, kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wangaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yokuphuculwa kweRabat. ulungiselelo ukugcina iHacho kwaye isixeko siya kuba sibaluleke kakhulu.

Umhlaba we-Ceuta yi-funnel: i-21 km yonxweme, i-perimeter emxinwa kunye imiwonyo yasezidolophini ethanda umkhuseli. Ukuphakama okunje ngeRenegado, i-Anyera, okanye iSibhedlele ilawula iindlela zokujonga; nokuba ukuphulukana nabo, amava afana Bakhmut bonisa ukuba inkqubela inokunqunyanyiswa kangangeeveki ngeendleko ezingavumelekanga.

E-PESTEL, kwezopolitiko iSpain yayiza kufuna ukugwetywa UN, EU kunye neNATO; ngokoqoqosho, uphononongo luqikelela iindleko ezongezelelweyo malunga 16.500 million (2020), kuqikelelwa ngamatyala kunye nenkxaso yoluntu enokwenzeka. Umqobo Naval IsiSpanish sasiya kuba singafezekanga kodwa sithintele; I-Tangier-Med iya kuba kwindawo yokufikelela izixhobo zokulwa ISpanish, enefuthe lorhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngokwentlalo, ukucaphuka eSpain kuya kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana; ngokwetekhnoloji, inzuzo iya kuba kwi IA kunye needrones yeendidi ezincinci/eziNcinane; ngokusingqongileyo nangokusemthethweni, kuya kubakho iingozi inkunkuma kwaye kuya kuba ngundoqo ukuthobela i-Montego Bay, i-Geneva, i-Hague kunye ne-UN Charter.

KuMthetho wokuSebenza, iSpain inokuseka iindawo zokukhetha emoyeni kunye nolwandle, sebenzisa ilungelo le utyelelo kunye nokubhaliswa kulwandle oluphakamileyo kwaye ulungise indlela engenatyala kwiStrait, ngokuhlonipha ukulingana kunye nomahluko. Umthwalo ofanelekileyo kukuthotyelwa kwe ISivumelwano saseOttawa, ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwemigodi echasene nabasebenzi.

Impembelelo yezomthetho, yolungiselelo kunye nobuchwepheshe

Ezi meko zibonisa ukuba Imayile yokugqibela yolungiselelo Kwaye ukuba semthethweni kwamanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kukuthatha isigqibo njengemijukujelwa. Ukubonelela ngeCeuta okanye i-Chafarinas kufuna ubuchule: iihelikopta ezinzima, izikhephe ezincinci, iiconvoys phantsi kwamaqamza ethutyana A2/AD kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, iinkwili okanye izinto ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.

Icandelo letekhnoloji -Imfazwe yombane, I-C-UAS, i-AI ye-UAS encinci kunye ne-multi-sensor ISR- iingcebiso zokulinganisela kwiindawo ezincinci kunye needolophu. Nabani na odibanisa i kamikaze iidrones Ubuncinci / obuncinci kwaye uzithathele phantsi ngokucwangcisiweyo uya kukunika inzuzo yobuchule.

Kutheni le nto ezi meko zinomtsalane kubadlali baseSpain?

Ngenxa yokuba badibanisa ukuqina kunye ukusondela ngokweemvakaleloUmdlali unokuthelekisa izigqibo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu-ukuphepha ukunyuka, ukukhetha imithetho yothethathethwano-kunye iingxaki zobuchule ngqo kakhulu: ukukhusela iinqanawa zabahlali, ukubeka phambili ekujoliswe kuko kukhuselo olunamaleko, okanye ukulinganisa isantya kunye nomonakalo wokubambisa.

Ukongezelela, uluntu lwase-Hispanic lunegalelo iileya zokwenyani kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo zeziseko, iiradar kunye neendawo zomoya, kunye nekhathalogu yeemeko ezivela IHarpoon iguqulelwe kwi-CMO kwiingxabano ze-NATO-Russia, i-Falklands okanye i-DACEX yokuzilolonga. Esi siseko siqiniswa ngezikhokelo ezifana ne “I-Admiral elungileyo"kunye namaxwebhu avuliwe isoyikiso esixubileyo epapashwe ngu-Defensa, esondeza umdlalo kuhlalutyo olunzulu.

Konke oku ngasentla kushiya ingcamango ecacileyo: I-CMO yindawo efanelekileyo yokufumana uxinzelelo phakathi kweqhinga, ipolitiki kunye ubuchule bomkhosi, kunye neSpain-Morocco isifundo somzekelo, esidlalwa ngobulumko, esifundisa kangangoko sisonwabisa.