Konke malunga ne-UWP: Yintoni iPlatform yeWindows kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa

I-Universal Windows Platform, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-UWP, iguqule indlela abaphuhlisi abakha ngayo usetyenziso lwenkqubo yendalo kaMicrosoft. Ukuba ungumdwelisi wenkqubo okanye umsebenzisi onomdla wokwazi, ukhe wadibana nombono we-UWP kwaye unokuzibuza: Yintoni, yenzelwe ntoni, kwaye inokukunceda njani?

Kweli nqaku, siza kucazulula yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-UWP, ukusuka kwimbali yayo ukuya kwiimpawu zayo zobugcisa, izibonelelo, iimfuno, kunye nendlela yokuqalisa ukuphuhlisa ii-apps zehlabathi. Uya kubona ukuba eli qonga likuvumela njani ukuba wenze ii -apps ezinokusebenza kwiikhompyuter, Xbox, zixhobo, HoloLens, kunye nokunye, konke ngaphakathi kwekhowudi enye, ukuphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela esicinga ngayo malunga nokuphuhlisa iWindows.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-UWP?

I-UWP liqonga lophuhliso losetyenziso eliyilwe nguMicrosoft ukumanya kunye nokwenza lula ukwenziwa kosetyenziso kuzo zonke izixhobo ezisebenzayo Windows 10 kwaye kamva. Amandla ayo aphambili alele kwiseti eqhelekileyo yee-APIs kunye nobuchwepheshe, ekuvumela ukuba uyile usetyenziso olusebenzayo kwaye olujongeka lulungile kwi-desktop yePC, ithebhulethi, iXbox, ifowuni ephathwayo okanye izixhobo. yasebukhosi- kunye nenyani edibeneyo.

I-UWP isekwe kwingqikelelo "yenkqubo yendalo yonke" ethi, xa iphuhlisiwe kwaye ipakishwe ngokweenkcukacha zeqonga, inokusasazwa ngokulula kwaye ifakwe ngeMicrosoft Store okanye ezinye iindlela ezisemthethweni. Oku kunceda ugcino, uhlaziyo, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ubungakanani kunye nokhuseleko lweapps.

Ingena njani i-UWP kwimbali kunye nendaleko yophuhliso eMicrosoft

Kangangeminyaka, ukuphuhlisa iWindows kwakuthetha ukujongana nezakhelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemeko-bume: Win32, .NET, iiFom zeWindows, iWPF, iCOM, phakathi kwezinye. Ukufika kwe-UWP kumele umzamo kaMicrosoft wokumanyanisa le ecosystem, evumela ukuyilwa kweapp enye egquma lonke uluhlu lwezixhobo ezihambelanayo.

I-UWP isekwe kwi-Windows Runtime (WinRT), iseti yee-API zangoku ezivele kwimodeli ye-COM yakudala, kodwa zilungiselelwe ukuhambelana neelwimi ezininzi zokuprograma. inkqubo njenge C#, Visual Basic, C++, kunye neJavaScript. Enkosi kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba "yimephu yolwimi," abaphuhlisi banokukhetha itekhnoloji abaziva bekhululekile ngayo ukubhala ingqiqo yesicelo sabo.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-UWP ayenzelwanga ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji yeMicrosoft endala, kodwa kukuhlala kunye kunye nokudibanisa nabo. Enyanisweni, ii-apps ezininzi ze-UWP zinokusebenzisa ii-Win32 APIs, iilayibrari ze-.NET, kwaye zithathe ithuba leefitsha eziphambili ezifumaneka kwi-ecosystem ye-Windows yakudala. Namhlanje, i-UWP lolona khetho luphambili kwabo bafuna ukufikelela kuzo zonke iikona zehlabathi leWindows ngosetyenziso olunye.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye neempawu eziphambili ze-UWP app

Kutheni kufuneka ukhethe i-UWP ukuba uceba ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lweWindows? Ngawo la amandla ayo:

• ukhuseleko oluphambili: Isicelo ngasinye sichaza ngokucacileyo iimvume ezizifunayo (ukufikelela kwikhamera, iifayile, indawo, njl.njl.), kwaye ngumsebenzisi othatha isigqibo sokuba ayigunyazise okanye ayigunyazise. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wabucala.
• Umphezulu we-API eqhelekileyo: I-UWP ibonelela ngeseti yojongano ekwabelwana ngalo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezisebenzayo Windows 10 kunye ne-11. Ukuba usetyenziso lwakho lusebenzisa ezi APIs kuphela, luya kusebenza ngokulinganayo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo, ukusuka kwiiPC ukuya kwiXbox consoles ukuya kwizixhobo ze-IoT.
• Ukuguquguquka kojongano: Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ze-UWP kukuba ikuvumela ukuba wenze ujongano olulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubungakanani besikrini, isisombululo kunye nendlela yokufaka, nokuba yimawusi, ibhodi yezitshixo, iphedi yokucofa, isimbo okanye i-gamepad.
• Usasazo oluphakathi okanye olukhethiweyo: Ungapapasha usetyenziso lwakho kuGcino kaMicrosoft kuzo zonke izixhobo zeWindows, okanye unciphise ukufumaneka kwayo kusapho oluthile, olufana neetafile okanye iXbox. Yonke into ilawulwa kwiphaneli yokulawula enye.
• Ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kwentsalela: Ii-apps ze-UWP zinokufakelwa ngokulula kwaye zisuswe, zingashiyi ntsalela kwinkqubo okanye zibe sengozini yokonakalisa iifayile ezibalulekileyo.
• Ukwenza okuthandwa nguwe kunye nesibheno esibonakalayo: Unokudibanisa ii-icon eziguqukayo, izaziso zokutyhala, imisebenzi yabasebenzisi, kwaye uthathe ithuba loYilo oluQhelekileyo, inkqubo yoyilo yeMicrosoft.
• Ukuhambelana kolwimi olubanzi: I-UWP ikuvumela ukuba wenze inkqubo kwi-C#, C++, Visual Basic okanye JavaScript kwaye usebenzise i-XAML, WinUI, HTML okanye iDirectX yojongano.

Ngaphezu koko, kunye nee-SDKs ezongeziweyo, unokufikelela kwiimpawu eziphambili zohlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo, ukusuka kwiinzwa ezixubeneyo zokwenyani ukuya kwiimpawu ezithile ze-Xbox okanye izixhobo ze-IoT.

I-API ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nokwandiswa ngee-SDKs

Umbono ophambili we-UWP kukuvumela uninzi lwekhowudi yakho ukuba isebenze kuzo zonke izixhobo zeWindows ngenxa yendawo eqhelekileyo ye-API. Ukuba i-app yakho idinga into ekhethekileyo-njengokulawula izibane ze-IoT okanye ukuthatha ithuba lengxelo yokungcangcazela kwisilawuli se-Xbox-unokongeza ii-SDKs ezongezelelweyo ezibonelela ngokufikelela kwezo API zikhethekileyo.

Ngale ndlela, unokwenza usetyenziso lwehlabathi lonke, okanye usetyenziso oluvula kuphela iimpawu ezithile ukuba zifumanisa ukuba zisebenza kwisixhobo esihambelanayo. Oku bhetyebhetye ngundoqo ekufumaneni okuninzi kwi-ecosystem ye-Windows.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uwafumana njani kwakhona amaxwebhu kunye neeFowulda zokukhuphela kwiWindows

Uyilo oluphendulayo kunye nolawulo lwegalelo

Ukuziqhelanisa nenye yeentsika ze-UWP. Usetyenziso lunokuzilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo uyilo lwazo kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo zesikrini kunye nezisombululo, kwaye zibambe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufaka (ikhibhodi, imouse, ukubamba, isityholo, i-gamepad, njl.). Ulawulo loyilo lwendalo yonke kunye neepaneli zinceda ukukhulisa ujongano kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Umzekelo, amaqhosha kunye nezilayidi zilungelelanisa ubuninzi bepikseli okanye ubungakanani besikrini, kwaye iiphaneli zicwangcisa kwakhona umxholo ukwandisa indawo ekhoyo.

Oku kukwathetha ukuba ungayila amava omsebenzisi angqamene nesixhobo. Usetyenziso lweefoto lunokuthatha ithuba lesikrini esigcweleyo kwikhompyuter, ngelixa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo sinokubeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwesandla esinye. Konke oku ngaphandle kokuphinda ikhowudi okanye ingqiqo yeshishini.

Ukufakela, ukukhupha, kunye nokusasaza ii-apps ze-UWP

Ii-apps ze-UWP zisasazwa ngefomathi ye-AppX, isikhongozeli esiqinisekisa ukufakwa okuthembekileyo, okukhuselekileyo, nokucocekileyo. Ukongeza kwiVenkile yeMicrosoft, kukho iindlela zokufakela usetyenziso ngokuthe ngqo kwishishini okanye kwindawo elawulwayo (ukulayisha ecaleni). Uhlaziyo lunokuthi lube ngokuzenzekelayo, luqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzisi bahlala benenguqulelo yamva nje.

Xa ukhupha usetyenziso lwe-UWP, inkqubo iyisusa ngokupheleleyo ipakethe ngaphandle kokushiya iifayile eziziinkedama okanye ukuguqula ngokuyingozi ubhaliso. Ngezi zizathu, i-UWP inomdla ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezijonga ukhuseleko kunye nokulula ukugcinwa.

Ukwenza imali kunye nohlalutyo kwi-UWP

I-UWP ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokwenza imali ngeapps zakho:

• Intengiso ngqo: Unokuseta ixabiso elimiselweyo leapp yakho kuGcino lukaMicrosoft.
• Ulingo lwasimahla: Yenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba bazame ngaphambi kokuba bathenge, ukwandisa uguqulo.
• Ukuthengwa kwe-app: Dibanisa iimpawu ezihlawulweyo ukuze uvule isiqulatho seprimiyamu okanye wongeze uphuculo.
• Unyuso kunye namaxabiso aguqukayo: Lungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho ukuze ube yinkuthazo i-ascargas kunye nezibonelelo zexeshana.

Iqonga liququzelela ulawulo lwezi ndlela, ukongeza ekudibaniseni ii-Application Insights, i-telemetry ephucukileyo yeMicrosoft kunye nenkqubo yohlalutyo. Ngale ndlela unokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa, ukubona iimpazamo, kwaye uphucule rhoqo imveliso yakho.

Iilwimi kunye netekhnoloji exhaswa yi-UWP

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwe-UWP kukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi onamava ngalo. Ungaphuhlisa nge:

• C# kunye ne-XAML: Eyona ndibaniselwano idumileyo ye-UWP, ilungele ujongano lwangoku kunye nekhowudi eyomeleleyo.
• C++ kunye neDirectX: Ifanelekile kwiiapps zegraphics ezisebenza kakhulu okanye imidlalo.
• Isiseko sokubonakalayo: Inketho elula yeprototyping okanye uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.
• IJavaScript kunye neHTML: Kwabo bavela kwihlabathi lewebhu kwaye bafuna ukuthatha ithuba lolwazi lwabo ngaphandle kokufunda iilwimi ezintsha.
• WinUI: Ithala leencwadi langoku lokudala ujongano oluphambili kwi-UWP.

Ukuhambelana kukuba, xa usetyenziso lwakho lupakishiwe, ungafikelela kwii-Win32 ezithile kunye ne-NET APIs ukuba iprojekthi yakho iyayifuna, enkosi kwiibhulorho ezihambelanayo ezakhelwe kwi-ecosystem ka-Windows.

Iimfuno kunye nemida kuphuhliso lwe-UWP

Ukuqala ukucwangcisa usetyenziso lwe-UWP kufuneka ufezekise iimfuno ezisisiseko:

• Windows 10 okanye ngaphezulu: Yeyona ndawo incinci yokuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa usetyenziso lwe-UWP.
• Isitudiyo esibonakalayo: I-Community 2019 version okanye ngaphezulu kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale ngayo. Ukusuka kwi-wizard, ungakhetha itemplate ethi "i-App engenanto (iWindows Universal) kwaye ukhethe ulwimi olukhethayo.
• Ii-SDK ezithile: Ukuba ufuna ukuphumeza iifitsha eziphambili okanye ezikhethekileyo, kuya kufuneka ukhuphele ii-SDK ezongezelelweyo ezifanelekileyo kuhlobo lwesixhobo ojolise kuso i-app yakho.

Kwiindawo ezidibeneyo okanye ze-virtualization, ezifana neCitrix, kukho imida eyongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, unxulumano lohlobo lwefayile, ipreview ephilayo, kunye nokudityaniswa okuthile kunokuthintelwa. Ukongeza, ulawulo lomsebenzisi kunye nokufikelela kwivenkile kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo ukuthintela iingxabano okanye imiba yokuhambelana.

Uqala njani ukwenza i-app yakho yokuqala ye-UWP

Ukwenza ukutsibela kuphuhliso lwe-UWP kulula kunokuba kubonakala. UMicrosoft uye wayenza lula inkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka:

1. Faka Windows 10 (okanye 11) kwaye ukhuphele iVisual Studio Community 2019 okanye kamva.
2. Vula isitudiyo esibonakalayo kwaye ukhethe iFayile> Entsha> Iprojekthi…, khetha “I-App engenanto (iWindows Universal),” khetha ulwimi lwakho, kwaye unike iprojekthi yakho igama.
3. Misa indawo yakho yophuhliso, khetha ii-SDKs oza kuzifuna, kwaye uqalise ukuyila ujongano lwakho usebenzisa i-XAML, i-HTML, okanye nayiphi na itekhnoloji oyithandayo.
4. Phumeza ingqiqo yeshishini lakho kwaye uthathe ithuba lolawulo oluphendulayo kunye neepaneli ukwenza iapp yakho ibonakale igqibelele kuso nasiphi na isixhobo.
5. Nje ukuba ilungile, vavanya i-app yakho kwii-simulators ezohlukeneyo kwaye, ukuba yonke into iyasebenza, yipapashe kuGcino lweMicrosoft okanye uyisasaze usebenzisa nayiphi na indlela ekusebenzela ngcono.

Ukuba ufuna inkuthazo yoyilo, ungajongana namaxwebhu asemthethweni oYilo oluQhelekileyo, inkqubo emisela izikhokelo zokudala usetyenziso olubonakalayo kunye nokusebenza oluhambelanayo ne-ecosystem yeWindows. Apha sigubungela yonke into ukusuka ekufikelelekeni ukuya ekudibaniseni oopopayi abaphambili kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Yintoni i-Windows Driver Kit (WDK): Yonke into ofuna ukuyazi

UIsake

Umbhali onomdla malunga nehlabathi le-bytes kunye netekhnoloji ngokubanzi. Ndiyakuthanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwam ngokubhala, kwaye yile nto ndiza kuyenza kule bhlog, ndikubonise zonke izinto ezinomdla malunga nezixhobo, isoftware, ihardware, iindlela zetekhnoloji, kunye nokunye. Injongo yam kukukunceda uhambe kwihlabathi ledijithali ngendlela elula neyonwabisayo.