I-eMule: Imbali, indaleko, kunye nemeko yangoku ye 'imeyile ye-elektroniki' edumileyo.

Zimbalwa iinkqubo ezishiye uphawu olunzulu kwimbali ye-Intanethi njenge-eMule. Ukuthandwa kwalo mxumi wokukhuphela weP2P kwenza ukuba ibe yintsomi yokwenyani yetekhnoloji kwiminyaka yoo-2000s. Nangona ixesha layo legolide laliphelile ngokufika kweendlela ezintsha zokusasaza ezinje ngokusasaza okanye ukukhuphela ngokuthe ngqo, I-eMule iyaqhubeka kwaye ilifa layo liyaqhubeka enkosi kuluntu oluthembekileyo kunye nabaphuhlisi abanomdla..

Kweli nqaku siphonononga nzulu ixesha elidlulileyo, langoku kunye nekamva le-eMule. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo njengenye indlela ye-eDonkey2000, ukuvela kweenguqulelo zayo, uthungelwano, kunye neeprothokholi, ukuya kwimeko yangoku, apho i-nostalgia idibanisa kunye neenguqulelo ezintsha ezenziwe luluntu. Ukuba ukhe wakhuphela ifayile usebenzisa i "mule" eyaziwayo, esi sikhokelo siya kukuvumela ukuba uphinde ubuyele kwi-engile eyahlukileyo.

Yintoni i-eMule kwaye yenzeke njani?

I-eMule yinkqubo yokwabelana ngefayile ye-P2P eyazalwa nge-13 kaMeyi, ngo-2002, xa umthuthukisi waseJamani uHendrik Breitkreuz, owaziwa ngokuba yi "Merkur", wagqiba ekubeni enze ukutshintshwa kwe-eDonkey2000 network client. Iprojekthi yabo yemithombo evuleleke ngokupheleleyo yamkele igama njengentloko kwintsusa: ukuba i-eDonkey “yayiyidonki yombane,” i-eMule yayiza kuba “yimeyile yombane.”

Le software yenzelwe ukusebenza Windows, kwaye kwiinguqulelo zayo zokuqala ikwazile ukubamba ingqalelo yabasebenzisi bayo Ukungafihli, inkululeko yokuguqula ikhowudi kunye neempawu eziphambili ebezingafumaneki kwezinye iinkqubo ezifanayo. Lo ngundoqo woluntu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kunokubonwa kolunye uphuhliso kule minyaka, njenge Iimodeli ze-iPhone 2007.

Ngo-Agasti 2002, inguqulelo yayo yokuqala yokusebenza, i-0.05a, yakhululwa.. Uphuhliso lwayo lwalusebenza kakhulu kwiminyaka yayo yokuqala, ivula indlela yokuba ibe yenye yezona klayenti zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-P2P kwihlabathi liphela.

Inethiwekhi kwinkonzo yomsebenzisi: eDonkey kunye neKad

I-eMule yazimisa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ye-a imodeli yothungelwano oluxubileyo oluquka zombini uthungelwano oluneeseva ezisembindini kunye nothungelwano olunatyisiweyo.

• I-eDonkey2000 (eD2K): Isekela ukusebenza kwayo kwiiseva ezininzi ezisebenza njengezalathisi. Umsebenzisi uqhagamshela kwiseva ephakathi, kodwa abathengi ngokwabo balawula ukulayisha kunye nokukhuphela phakathi kwabo.
• I-Kademlia (Kad): Yayiyenye yezinto ezintsha ezintsha ze-eMule. Le nethiwekhi ayixhomekekanga kwiiseva, kodwa kunoko idibanisa abasebenzisi ngokuthe ngqo, ijika nganye ibe yi-self-indexing nodes. UKad wenze kwanzima ukuba abasemagunyeni bavale inethiwekhi.

Umxhasi unokusebenza ngenethiwekhi ye-eD2K, kunye neKad, okanye zombini ngexesha elinye., nto leyo eyenza kube bhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ukongeza, unokuqhagamshela kwimithombo emininzi yefayile efanayo kwaye ufumane iindawo ezahlukeneyo kubasebenzisi abahlukeneyo, okukhawulezisa ukukhuphela.

Isebenza njani i-eMule ngokobugcisa?

I-eMule isebenzisa indlela yokwabelana nokwamkela. Akukho mncedisi ogcina iifayile, kodwa kunokuba idatha isasazwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Ezinye zezona mpawu ziphawulekayo zobugcisa zezi:

• Udluliselo ngokwenxalenye: Ifayile nganye yahlulwe ibe yi-9.28 MB iinqununu. Ezi zikhutshelwa kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngaxeshanye.
• Umgca wokulinda: Ukuthintela ukuxhatshazwa, umxhasi ngamnye unomgca wokulayisha, kwaye abasebenzisi kufuneka balinde ithuba labo lokukhuphela.
• Inkqubo yamatyala: Okukhona usabelana, kokukhona ufika ngokukhawuleza encotsheni yomgca. Lo matshini, uphunyezwe kusetyenziswa izitshixo ze-RSA ezinatyisiweyo, uvuza intsebenziswano.
• IHash kunye nokujonga impazamo: Isebenzisa i-MD4, i-AICH (i-Advanced Intelligent Corruption Handling) kunye ne-SHA1 algorithms ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kweefayile ezikhutshelweyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinethiwekhi, i-eMule ikuvumela ukuba wabelane ngeendawo ezingaphelelanga zeefayile., eyenza impembelelo yenethiwekhi enamandla kunye nokunciphisa ixesha ukufumana iifayile ezingaqhelekanga.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezenze intsomi

Ngaphandle kweteknoloji, I-eMule iquke uthotho lwezixhobo eziyenza yahluke kwezinye:

• Izimvo zefayile: Abasebenzisi banokukala kwaye banike izimvo kwiifayile, ukunceda ukuthintela umgunyathi kunye nomxholo owonakeleyo.
• Umboniso: Ungadlala iifayile zemultimedia ezinje ngeevidiyo okanye umculo ngaphandle kokugqiba ukukhuphela, ilungele ukuqinisekisa ukuba yile nto ubuyifuna.
• IP engeyonyani kunye nesihluzo somncedisi: Isixhobo sokuthintela udibaniso kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
• Iseva yewebhu kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-IRC: Ikuvumele ukuba ulawule ukudluliselwa kwibrawuza okanye uthethe nabanye abasebenzisi.
• Uhlengahlengiso kunye nezinye iinguqulelo: Ngombulelo kwikhowudi yayo yomthombo ovulekileyo, bekukho uninzi lweenguqulelo ezilungisiweyo (iimodyuli) ezinje ngeMorphXT, iXtreme, iPlus okanye iNeoMule enemisebenzi yesiko.

Ixesha legolide le-eMule kunye nokwehla kwayo okulandelayo

Phakathi kuka-2002 no-2007, i-eMule yayiliqonga eligqwesileyo lokwabelana ngeefayile zazo zonke iintlobo.: Iimuvi, umculo, amaxwebhu, imidlalo kunye namaxwebhu anqabileyo ayephindaphindeka kunanini na ngaphambili. Ifikelele kwizigidi ezingama-300 zeekopi ezikhutshelweyo kunye nezigidi zabasebenzisi abasebenzayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika kokusasaza, uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi olungcono kunye nabathengi abatsha abanjengoTorrent, I-eMule yaqala ukuphulukana nokuthandwa. Ukongeza, ukuvalwa kweeseva eziphambili ze-eD2K kunye noxinzelelo olusemthethweni kwiinethiwekhi ze-P2P zanciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwazo rhoqo.

Inguqulelo yokugqibela esemthethweni ezinzileyo, 0.50a, yakhutshwa ngoAprili 2010, kwaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu, ukuthula kwathatha iqela eliphambili lophuhliso.

Ukuzalwa kwakhona kuLuntu: Inguqulo ye-0.60a

Emva kweshumi leminyaka ekuphumleni, Ngo-2020, iindaba ezingalindelekanga zavela kwiiforam ezisemthethweni ze-eMule.: Umsebenzisi ochongiweyo njengoFox88 uthumele i-beta entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-0.60a. Nangona yayingasuki kwiqela lokuqala, yayisekwe kwikhowudi yomthombo osemthethweni, ovulekileyo we-eMule.

Olu guqulelo lubandakanya ukuphuculwa kobugcisa obunje:

• Inkxaso ye-HTTPS xa ukhuphela i-server.met kunye nodes.dat
• Uqhagamshelo olucacileyo ukunqanda ukuvalelwa kwe-ISP
• Ukuqalisa kwakhona ukukhutshelwa okuphazamisekileyo
• Inkxaso yeenguqulelo ze-32-bit kunye ne-64-bit, kunye neenkqubo zanamhlanje

Nangona yayingelulo ukuqaliswa kwakhona ngokusemthethweni, yaphawula ukubuya okufuziselayo kwe-eMule. Ukusukela ngoko, uluntu lugcine iprojekthi iphila ngeebeta ezintsha ezinje nge-0.70a ngo-2023.

Ngaba i-eMule iseluncedo nanamhlanje?

Ngaphandle kokulawula kweenkonzo zokusasaza, I-eMule isenazo izicelo ezisebenzayo, ngakumbi kwi:

• Khuphela umxholo omdala, onqabileyo, okanye ekunzima ukuwufumana kwezinye imidiya.
• Fumana iincwadi, amaxwebhu, okanye iifayile ezingasasazwanga ngokurhweba.
• Kuphephe ukujongwa okanye ukususa amakhonkco kumaphepha anezalathiso.
• Gcina umoya wentsebenziswano weP2P ngolawulo olupheleleyo lokukhuphela.

Ngapha koko, imodeli yayo iyaqhubeka nokuxatyiswa ngabo bafuna ukuzimela kweseva okanye enye indawo evulekileyo yomthombo, efana nenkqubela phambili ebonwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo, efana ne-2008.

Uyifaka njani i-eMule namhlanje

Kwabo bafuna ukuvuselela amava, ukufaka i-eMule kuselula.:

1. Yiya kwindawo esemthethweni ye-emule-project.net okanye iiforam ezinoguqulelo lwefolokhwe yamva nje.
2. Khetha uguqulelo olulungele inkqubo yakho (32 okanye 64 bits).
3. Ukuba ukhuphela i-eMule 0.60a, inikezelwa njengefayile ye-ZIP ephathekayo; vele uvule uziphu kwaye ubaleke.
4. Ivumela ufikelelo ngeWindows Firewall xa iboot.
5. Yongeza iiseva ezisuka kwi-URL ethembekileyo (umzekelo server.met) okanye ngesandla.
6. Yenza 'uhlaziyo lweseva uluhlu kuqaliso' ukhetho.
7. Qhagamshela, khangela iifayile, kwaye uqalise ukukhuphela.

Nangona ingeyiyo eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo, isasebenza ukuba iqwalaselwe kakuhle.. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bangoku basebenzisa iindlela ezithile okanye uhlengahlengiso ukuze baqhube i-eMule kwiinethiwekhi zasekhaya okanye nakwiRaspberry Pi.

Umgunyathi, iintsholongwane kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

Esinye sezoyikiso ezinkulu zexesha lakhe, kwaye ezisaqhubekayo, unikezelo lweefayile zomgunyathi okanye ezingalunganga. Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo kufuneka luthatyathwe ngeefayile eziphunyezwayo (.exe), iifayile ezicinezelweyo ezinamagama ayimfihlo, okanye iifayile ezinoontanga abaninzi kodwa ezinobungakanani obukrokrisayo.

Ukwenza oku, landela ezi ngcebiso:

• Jonga izimvo zabanye abasebenzisi kunye neereyithingi.
• Dlala kumboniso ngaphambi kokukhuphela ngokupheleleyo.
• Ziphephe iifayile ezinamagama egeneric okanye angazalaniyo.
• Ungahoyi iifayile ezikrokrelekayo ezincinci kuno-10 MB ezinefonti ezininzi kakhulu.

Ilifa elingenakonakala le-eMule

I-eMule yayingaphezulu kwesixhobo sokwabelana ngefayile: Yayilisango lokungena kwi-intanethi yedemokhrasi ngakumbi, evulekileyo nenentsebenziswano.

Uthungelwano lwayo oluxutyiweyo, inkqubo yetyala, ukuchasana nokuhamba kwexesha, ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo okutsha kunye nenkxaso yoluntu olunobuchwephesha olunothando luyenze yaba iqhekeza zembali ngaphakathi software free.

Namhlanje, abo bayisebenzisayo bakwenza oko ngenxa yezizathu ezahluke kakhulu kunangowama-2005. Ayifuni ukuba lelona xesha likhawulezayo okanye lelona lale mihla, kodwa lifuna ukuba lelona liyinyaniso ngokwemigaqo yomthetho. Ifilosofi yeP2P ibhekisa kwi.

I-eMule ifezekise into ezuzwe ziinkqubo ezimbalwa: Ukuhlala uphila ngokuhamba kwexesha noluntu olusemva kwakho, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiinkampani okanye umvuzo. Indima yayo njengophawu lweentsuku zokuqala ze-intanethi ethatha inxaxheba ihlala injalo.

Kumsebenzisi wale mihla, i-eMule inokubonakala iphelelwe lixesha, kodwa Kwabo baxabisa inkululeko, ukunatyiswa, kunye nembali yedijithali, sihlala sisixhobo esingenakuthathelwa indawo. Ilifa lakhe alisalinganiswa kwizantya zokukhuphela, kodwa kwigalelo lakhe kwi-intanethi evulelekileyo nesimahla.