Yenza iindlela ezimfutshane kunye ne-Windows Script Host

Ukudala iindlela ezimfutshane ayisiyonto nje elula: yindlela yokwenza imisebenzi kunye nokuphucula imveliso yakho yemihla ngemihla. Windows. Windows umbhalo-ngqangi Umamkeli (WSH) Inika indlela elula nenamandla yokuvelisa amakhonkco kwizicelo, amaxwebhu, kunye needilesi zewebhu ukusuka kwiilwimi ezininzi zokubhala.

Kwesi sikhokelo esisebenzayo sidibanisa iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo kunye VBScript, PowerShell, Visual Basic, Visual FoxPro kunye neemeko zanamhlanje ezineephakheji MSIX kunye nePSFInjongo kukwenza ukuba ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokusingqongileyo (umsebenzisi wokugqibela, i-IT, i-Intune / i-SCCM, okanye ipakishwe), kwaye uyiphumeze ngokuzithemba.

Yintoni iWindows Script Host kwaye kutheni unokukhathalela

I-Windows Script Host sisixhobo esikuvumela ukuba usebenze VBScript kunye neJScript ngokwemveli kwiWindows, ukongeza ekuvezeni imodeli yento yeCOM ukwenza imisebenzi yenkqubo. Into ye-WScript.Shell Liqhekeza eliphambili ukwenza iindlela ezimfutshane zedesktop, iindlela ezimfutshane zemenyu yokuQalisa okanye iincwadi ezikhethekileyo.

I-WSH ibe yinxalenye yeWindows ukusukela kwiinguqulelo ezinje Windows 98 kunye no-2000, kwaye inokongezwa kwiintlelo ezindala ezinje ngeWindows NT 4.0 kusetyenziswa izinto ozikhethelayo. Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje ifika ngokudibeneyo kwaye ekusebenzeni, kwanele ukuba ne-executables wscript.exe kunye ne-cscript.exe ukuqalisa izikripthi.

Iimfuno kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise, kuhle ukuphonononga iingongoma ezisisiseko. Qinisekisa ukuba i-WSH iyafumaneka kwaye akukho migaqo-nkqubo ithintela ukuphunyezwa kwescript. Kwiindawo zenkampani, ii-GPOs kunye nezicwangciso ze-antivirus zinokuchaphazela i-VBScript okanye i-PowerShell.

Kuphephe ukuhlanganisa idesktop yakho ngeendlela ezimfutshane. Yenza ufikelelo kuphela xa bongeza ixabiso kwaye ukuba usasaza embindini, chaza inqobo ecacileyo (umzekelo, iincwadi ezineenkcukacha zomsebenzi okanye apps iqumrhu elibalulekileyo).

Ukuba iskripthi siqhutywa njenge INKQUBO okanye kumxholo womatshini (Intune/SCCM), cinga ngononophelo malunga nalapho ubhala khona i-.lnk: unokufuna ukusebenzisa i-desktop kawonke-wonke (C:\\Users\\Public\\Desktop) endaweni yedesktop yomsebenzisi yangoku.

Jonga ifayile indlela yokusingwa, iimvume kunye noguquguquko lokusingqongileyoImpazamo eqhelekileyo kukukhomba kwiindlela ezinokutshintsha kweenguqulelo (iiFayile zeNkqubo \\ WindowsApps) okanye ukusebenzisa i-UNC ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-akhawunti eqhuba iskripthi.

Iifolda ezikhethekileyo kunye nendlela yokusombulula iindlela zabo

I-WSH isombulula amagama akhethekileyo kwisiqulathi seefayili kwindlela yabo yokwenyani besebenzisa WshShell.Iifolda ezikhethekileyoPhakathi kwezona zinto ziluncedo yiDesktop, i-StartMenu, iiNkqubo, ukuQalisa, okanye iiFavorites, kunye nokwahluka kwazo kubo bonke abasebenzisi (AllUsersDesktop, AllUsersStartMenu, njl.). Oku kukuvumela ukuba uzimele yolwimi kunye nesakhiwo esichanekileyo seprofayili.

Ukuba usebenza nge-Classic Visual Basic okanye ufuna ukufumana iindlela kwi-API, ungasebenzisa SHGetSpecialFolderLocation/SHGetPathFromIDList ukudwelisa iindlela ezinje nge Desktop, Iinkqubo zakutsha nje, okanye amaxwebhu. Iluncedo xa udibanisa kwizicelo ezingaxhomekekanga ngokuthe ngqo kwinto yeWScript.

Ipateni esisiseko: Ukudala iindlela ezimfutshane nge-WScript.Shell

Ukuhamba kulula: yenza umzekelo we-COM, yenza indlela emfutshane, gcwalisa iipropati, kwaye ugcine. Le pateni iphinda iphindwe kwi-VBScript, VBA, VB6, VFP kunye ne-PowerShell ngotshintsho olungephi lwe-syntactical.

' VBScript: acceso directo a una aplicación
Dim sh, lnk
Set sh = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
Dim escritorio: escritorio = sh.SpecialFolders("Desktop")
Set lnk = sh.CreateShortcut(escritorio & "\\MiApp.lnk")
lnk.TargetPath = "%windir%\\notepad.exe"
lnk.IconLocation = "%windir%\\system32\\shell32.dll,0"
lnk.Arguments = ""
lnk.WorkingDirectory = "%windir%"
lnk.WindowStyle = 4 ' Normal (3 maximizada, 7 minimizada)
lnk.Save

En VBA/VB6 Ipatheni iyalingana, kuphela i-syntax kunye nalapho ubamba khona utshintsho lwekhowudi. Unokwenza indlela emfutshane kwidesktop, unikeze inkcazo, i icon, hotkey kunye nesimbo sefestile:

' VBA/VB6: crear acceso con icono y hotkey
Dim sh As Object, sc As Object
Set sh = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
Dim destino As String: destino = sh.SpecialFolders("Desktop") & "\\BlocDeNotas.lnk"
Set sc = sh.CreateShortcut(destino)
With sc
  .TargetPath = "%windir%\\system32\\notepad.exe"
  .WorkingDirectory = "%windir%\\system32"
  .IconLocation = "%windir%\\system32\\shell32.dll,2"
  .Description = "Abrir el Bloc de notas"
  .Hotkey = "ALT+CTRL+N"
  .WindowStyle = 4
  .Save
End With

Con I-FoxPro ebonakalayo Ungasebenzisa kwakhona into ye-WScript.Shell. Umbono uyafana: fumana iDesktop, yenza i.lnk, kwaye usete iipropati ezifana WindowStyle, IconLocation, TargetPath okanye indibaniselwano yesitshixo.

* Visual FoxPro: crear acceso directo de ejemplo
LOCAL sh, desk, sc
sh = CREATEOBJECT("WScript.Shell")
desk = sh.SpecialFolders("Desktop")
sc = sh.CreateShortcut(desk + "\\EjemploWSH.lnk")
sc.TargetPath = "%windir%\\notepad.exe"
sc.IconLocation = "C:\\Path\\a\\miicono.ico"
sc.Hotkey = "ALT+CTRL+F"
sc.WindowStyle = 3 && 3=max 7=min 4=normal
sc.Save

Kuzo zonke iimeko, undoqo uyafana: Yenza indlela emfutshane, iNdlela ekujoliswe kuyo, GcinaUkusuka apho, yenza ngokwezifiso iingxoxo, i icon, ulawulo olusebenzayo, kunye nesimbo sefestile njengoko kufuneka.

Iingxoxo, isimbo sefestile, ii-icon kunye neendlela ezimfutshane

Xa ufikelelo kufuneka uqalise usetyenziso oluneeparamitha, gcwalisa ngokulula .Iingxabano. Yenkqubo iboot kulawulo oluthile, sebenzisa .WorkingDirectory kunye nendlela elungileyo.

Ukujonga, chaza .IconLocation yalatha kwi .ico okanye uvimba kwi .exe/.dll (ungakhankanya isalathisi emva kwesiphumlisi). Ukuziphatha kokuvula kulawulwa nge .WindowStyle: 3 yandisiwe, 7 yancitshiswa, 4 eqhelekileyo.

Ukuba ufuna indibaniselwano engundoqo, sebenzisa .Hotkey nge-ALT+CTRL+Letter pattern (umzekelo, ALT+CTRL+N). Esi sabelo siyakukhawulezisa ukuvulwa, kodwa Akucetyiswa ukwabela abaninzi kakhulu ukuze ungaphazamisi iindlela ezimfutshane zendlela.

Iindlela ezimfutshane ze-URL (.url).

Ukongeza kwi-application .lnks, i-WSH inokudala iindlela ezimfutshane ze-url ezivula isikhangeli esingagqibekanga. I-TargetPath ikhomba kwidilesi yewebhu kwaye ukuba ufuna i icon yakho, ungahlela ifayile ye.url kamva ukongeza i-IconFile kunye ne-IconIndex.

' VBScript: acceso directo a una URL
Dim sh, urlShortcut
Set sh = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
Dim desk: desk = sh.SpecialFolders("Desktop")
Set urlShortcut = sh.CreateShortcut(desk & "\\SitioCorporativo.url")
urlShortcut.TargetPath = "https://www.ejemplo.com"
urlShortcut.Save
' (Opcional) reabrir el .url como texto y añadir:
' IconFile=C:\\Rutas\\icono.ico
' IconIndex=0

Le ndlela ifanelekile amakhonkco ukuya SharePoint, i-intranethi okanye usetyenziso lwewebhu ofuna ukuyishiya ngesandla kwidesktop yomsebenzisi.

I-PowerShell ye-IT: i-Intune, i-SCCM, kunye ne-Large-Scale Deployments

I-PowerShell idibanisa ukufikelela kwimodeli efanayo ye-COM njenge-WSH, ngoko unokwenza ukufikelela kunye nokusabalalisa ngokubanzi. Into eqhelekileyo kukubona idesktop echanekileyo (umsebenzisi okanye kawonke-wonke), yenza iifolda zendawo ekuyiwa kuyo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, cinezela iindlela kuFikelelo oluKhawulezayo.

# PowerShell: utilidades y creación del acceso
param(
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string]$ShortcutTargetPath,
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string]$ShortcutDisplayName,
  [string]$IconFile = $null,
  [string]$ShortcutArguments = $null,
  [string]$WorkingDirectory = $null
)
function Test-RunningAsSystem {
  # Devuelve true si el contexto es SYSTEM (S-1-5-18)
  ((whoami -user) -match "S-1-5-18")
}
function Get-DesktopDir {
  if (Test-RunningAsSystem) {
    Join-Path $env:PUBLIC "Desktop"
  } else {
    [Environment]::GetFolderPath("Desktop")
  }
}
function New-Shortcut {
  param([string]$Target, [string]$Path, [string]$Args, [string]$Work, [string]$Icon)
  $sh = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
  $lnk = $sh.CreateShortcut($Path)
  $lnk.TargetPath = $Target
  if ($Args) { $lnk.Arguments = $Args }
  if ($Work) { $lnk.WorkingDirectory = $Work }
  if ($Icon) { $lnk.IconLocation = $Icon }
  $lnk.WindowStyle = 4
  $lnk.Save()
  [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($sh) | Out-Null
}
$desk = Get-DesktopDir
$targetFolder = Join-Path $desk "SharePoint Shortcuts"
if (-not (Test-Path $targetFolder)) { New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $targetFolder | Out-Null }
$dest = Join-Path $targetFolder ("{0}.lnk" -f $ShortcutDisplayName)
New-Shortcut -Target $ShortcutTargetPath -Path $dest -Args $ShortcutArguments -Work $WorkingDirectory -Icon $IconFile

Ekuphunyezweni nge IntuneLe patheni ikuvumela ukuba wenze ifolda kwi-desktop yakho kwaye ugqithise ukufikelela kwi-Edge ngeeparamitha ezifana ne-URL ye-SharePoint. Ukuba qhutywa njenge SYSTEM, idesktop ekujoliswe kuyo iyakuba yeyoluntu, ibonakala kuzo zonke iiprofayile.

En I-SCCMUkuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa i- pre-made .lnk, owona myalelo ubuncinci unokuba lula njengokuwukhuphela kwidesktop kawonke-wonke: Khuphela-Into \\ iseva\\ indlela yokufikelela.lnk C:\\Abasebenzisi\\Public\\DesktopUkuba ayiveli, jonga la manqaku:

• Umxholo wophumezo: Qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iqhuba ngeemvume ezaneleyo nakumsebenzisi/inkqubo elindelekileyo.
• Ukufikelela kwisixhobo ekwabelwana ngaso: I-akhawunti esebenzayo kufuneka ikwazi ukufunda indlela ye-UNC.
• Iindlela ezinezithuba: Vala -Indlela kunye -Indawo ekuyiyo kuyo kucatshulwe.
• Ubukrakra: Kwiindawo ezixubeneyo ze-32/64-bit, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho ndlela ingafunwayo.

I-Pin kuFikelelo oluKhawulezayo ngeShell.Application

Ukongeza kwidesktop, ungaqhobosha iifolda kuzo Ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza ngento yeShell.Isicelo seCOM. Oku kuluncedo xa usenza indlela yokubopha kwaye ufuna ukuba ifikeleleke kuMhloli.

# PowerShell: anclar carpeta a Acceso rápido
$quick = New-Object -ComObject shell.application
$toPin = Join-Path ([Environment]::GetFolderPath("Desktop")) "SharePoint Shortcuts"
$home = "shell:::{679f85cb-0220-4080-b29b-5540cc05aab6}"
if(-not ($quick.Namespace($home).Items() | Where-Object { $_.Path -eq $toPin })){
  $quick.Namespace($toPin).Self.InvokeVerb("pintohome")
}

Ukuba ulawula amaqela kwaye ufuna abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ngokukhawuleza iindlela zabo ezimfutshane, Esi senzo sincinci senza umahluko kwimihla ngemihla.

I-MSIX kunye ne-PSF: Yenza ufikelelo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiindlela eziguqulelweyo

Xa upakisha usetyenziso nge MSIX, indlela yokuhlohla ibandakanya uguqulelo (umzekelo, C:\\ Files Programme\\WindowsApps\\MyApp_1.0.0.0_x86__…). Iyatshintsha ngohlaziyo ngalunye, ngoko luluvo olubi ukuseta ifayile ye.lnk ngaloo ndlela. Isisombululo: AppExecutionAliasNgokuchaza isiteketiso kwi-manifest, ungaqalisa usetyenziso nge-% localappdata%\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps\\myapp.exe ngaphandle kokubotshelelwa kuguqulelo.

Ukwenza oku, yongeza izithuba zamagama kwi-manifest (uap3 kunye nedesktop) kwaye wenze ulwandiso windows.appExecutionAlias yalatha kwiphakheji ephunyeziweyo. Khumbula ukubandakanya amagama kwi-IgnorableNamespaces ukuze i-manifest iwaqonde.

Emva koko, ungatshintsha indawo yokungena yesicelo PSFLauncher32.exe/PSFLauncher64.exe (kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo) kwaye ugunyazise ukuyilwa kofikelelo kwiscript soqaliso esichazwe kwi config.json usebenzisa iPSF. Iscript sisebenza kube kanye kukuqaliswa kokuqala.

{
  "applications": [
    {
      "id": "App",
      "executable": "MiApp\\MiApp.exe",
      "workingDirectory": "MiApp\\",
      "startScript": {
        "scriptPath": "createshortcut.ps1",
        "runInVirtualEnvironment": false,
        "waitForScriptToFinish": true,
        "showWindow": false,
        "runOnce": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

I-PowerShell yenza indlela emfutshane.ps1 Ungakopa ifayile esele yenziwe .lnk ukusuka kwiphakheji ukuya kwidesktop yomsebenzisi kwaye uzise i icon kwindawo yokusebenza. LocalCache \\ Ukuzulazula ehlala izinzile phakathi kweenguqulelo.

# createshortcut.ps1 (dentro del paquete)
Copy-Item "Mi App.lnk" "$env:USERPROFILE\\Desktop\\Mi App.lnk" -Force
Copy-Item "miapp.ico" "$env:APPDATA\\miapp.ico" -Force

Ngale ndlela uyaqinisekisa ukuba ufikelelo lusebenza emva kohlaziyo, ngaphandle kokuchukumisa i.lnk kuguqulelo ngalunye. Ukuba indlela ikhomba kwi-alias (umzekelo,% localappdata%\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps\\myapp.exe), umendo usasebenza.

Ukuphathwa kwemposiso kunye nokuqinisekiswa okucetyiswayo

Phambi kokwenza i.lnk kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ukuba i Indlela ekujoliswe kuyo ikhona (ngaphandle kokuba usebenzisa izinto eziguquguqukayo njenge% windir% okanye iziteketiso). Kwi-VBA/VB6, ungalumkisa ukuba okuphunyeziweyo akukho okanye urhoxise umsebenzi; kwi-PowerShell, sebenzisa i-Test-Path ukujonga ukuba indlela iyafikeleleka na.

Ukuba indlela ye icon yi .ico network, iqhinga eliluncedo kukukhuphela kwi temp yomsebenzisi okanye incwadi eneenkcukacha ye APPDATA, kwaye ireferensi ukusuka apho. Le yindlela okhusela ngayo ii-icon ezaphukileyo ukuba umthombo wothungelwano awufumaneki.

Xa uhlela .url iindlela ezimfutshane, ukuba ufuna i-icon yakho, vula kwakhona ifayile njengombhalo kwaye wongeze I-IconFile kunye ne-IconIndex ekugqibeleni. Oku kukunika ulawulo olupheleleyo kwinkangeleko yayo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwisikhangeli.

Xa uphelisa i-COM, simahla izinto nge ReleaseComObject kwiPowerShell, okanye unike Akukho nto kwiVB/VBA. Yinkcukacha encinci, kodwa inceda ukuphepha ukuxhoma izixhobo ekubulaweni okunzulu.

Iimeko zokusilela okuqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuzisombulula

Ukuba ukusasazwa yi-SCCM iphela ngekhowudi engu-0 kodwa ufikelelo alubonakali, jonga kuqala umsebenzisi ekujoliswe kuwo wedesktopUkuba ubusebenza njenge-SYSTEM kwaye uchwetheze% USERPROFILE%\Desktop kwiprofayile esebenzayo, awuyi kubona kwanto. Sebenzisa C:\Abasebenzisi\Public\Desktop ukuyenza ibonakale kumntu wonke.

Kwi-Intune, xa usenza i-Edge ivuselela ngeengxoxo (umzekelo, i-URL enezithuba ezikhowudiweyo), qinisekisa ukuba amanqaku acatshulweyo alungile kwi-Iingxoxo ezimfutshane kunye nesicatshulwa sifika sinjalo. Indawo enye ngaphandle kwendawo inokwaphula ikamva le.lnk.

Kwiifolda ezimfutshane zeshishini (umzekelo, "Iindlela ezimfutshane zeSharePoint"), yenza kuqala ifolda kwidesktop echanekileyo, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuyiqaqambisa kuMhloli, bambelela kuFikelelo oluKhawulezayo njengoko sibonile ngeShell.Isicelo.

Ukuba usasaza esele yakhiwe .lnk kwiphakheji ye-MSIX ehlaziywayo, ungayikhomba kwindlela eguqulelweyo ngaphakathi kweWindowsApps. Sebenzisa i-AppExecutionAlias kwaye khuphela i icon kwifolda eguqulelweyo.

Amaqhinga aluncedo aneenguqu kunye neendlela

Ukubhala imibhalo ephathwayo, thembela kuyo Izinto eziguquguqukayo zokusingqongileyo: % windir%, % systemroot%, % ProgramFiles% kunye ezifanayo. Kwi-WSH ungazandisa nge ExpandEnvironmentStrings, kwaye kwiPowerShell ungabhekisa kubo nge $env:VARIABLE.

Xa usakha iindlela eziguquguqukayo, khangela ukuba i ifolda esebenzayo iphela ngo \ Ukunqanda ukuphinda-phinda imivalo okanye ukwaphula iNdlela ekuJoliswe kuyo xa udibana. Yinto encinci yokugada loo nto ziphephe iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo kwimveliso.

Kwiindlela ezimfutshane ezifuna iiparameters ezintsonkothileyo, cinga ukubhala iscript esincinci .cmd okanye .ps1 kwaye unendawo enqumlayo kuyo. Le yindlela oyenza lula ngayo i.lnk kwaye unolawulo olungcono malunga nokucaphula kunye nomyalelo wengxoxo.

Ukuba ufuna iihotkeys, zama ukugcina indibaniselwano nge iileta ezibalulekileyo kwaye uphephe ukungqubana ngeendlela ezimfutshane eziqhelekileyo. Kwiindawo ezinee-apps ezininzi, bhala iindlela ezimfutshane ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi thatha ithuba ngaphandle kokuzama kunye nempazamo.

Unoluhlu lweenketho zokwenza iindlela ezimfutshane kwiWindows ngendlela ethembekileyo neguquguqukayo. I-WSH sisiseko esiqhelekileyo, kwaye ngaphezulu koko, unokukhetha umaleko: izikripthi zakudala, i-PowerShell yanamhlanje, okanye ukupakishwa kweMSIX ngePSF xa ujonge iinkqubo eziphindaphindwayo kwisikali. Isitshixo kukukhetha umendo ochanekileyo, uqinisekise umxholo wophumezo, kwaye unqande ukutshixelwa kwiindlela ezibuthathaka, eziguqulelweyo.