Ungazikhetha njani ezona codecs zibalaseleyo zevidiyo: isikhokelo esisebenzayo kunye nokuthelekisa

Ukukhetha i-codec kunokubonakala ngathi yingxaki, kodwa ngezitshixo ezimbalwa ungayifumana ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha okanye umgangatho kwaye sithelekisa. iikhodekhi zevidiyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezuluKwesi sikhokelo siyaphula yeyiphi icodec enokusetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, inxulumana njani nefomathi yesikhongozeli, kwaye zeziphi iinketho ezilungele iwebhu, imidiya yoluntu, iTV/IPTV, okanye ukonwabisa ekhaya.

Ukongeza kuthelekiso olupheleleyo (H.264/AVC, HEVC/H.265, VVC/H.266 kunye ne-AV1), uya kubona iifomati eziqhelekileyo, njengeMP4 okanye iMKV (MKV vs MP4), iingcebiso ngeqonga kunye nebhloko ephathekayo xa ividiyo ayidlali ngenxa yeengxaki zecodec kunye nesisombululo sokulungiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Yintoni icodec yevidiyo kwaye yahluke njani kwisingxobo?

Ikhodekhi yevidiyo yisoftware okanye umgangatho lowo icinezela (i-encodes) kwaye i-decompresses (i-decodes) Idatha ye-audiovisual. Ukucinezela kunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ukwenza kube lula ukugcinwa, ukuhambisa kunye umchachazo; unzip ivumela ukuba idlalwe ngokunyaniseka okwaneleyo kwisixhobo ekujoliswe kuso.

Uxinzelelo lunokuba njalo ilahleko okanye ilahlekoEyokuqala isusa okanye idibanise ulwazi olungaqondakaliyo kwiliso lomntu ukwenza iifayile ezincinci kakhulu (eziqhelekileyo ekusasazeni / ukusasaza). Eyesibini igcina yonke idatha yoqobo, ilungele ukuveliswa kweposi, nangona iisayizi ezinkulu.

Isikhongozeli (MP4, MOV, MKV, AVI, njl.) yifayile “esonga” ividiyo, iaudio, imibhalo engezantsi kunye nemetadata. Ayizicinezeli; ngokulula amaqela anekhowudi yemisinga ngeekhowudi (umz. H.264 yevidiyo + AAC yomsindo ngaphakathi kwe.mp4).

Isebenza njani icodec ngokubanzi

Iividiyo lulandelelwano lwezakhelo ezenziwe ngeepixels. I-codec ichonga iipateni, icandelo libe ziibhloko kwaye iqikelela utshintsho phakathi kwezakhelo ukugcina kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ubuchule obufana nembuyekezo yentshukumo, intra/inter-frame prediction, quantization, and entropy coding dibanisa ukucudisa yonke bit ngaphandle kokuba umboniseli abone nayiphi na ilahleko ebalulekileyo.

Ii-codecs zanamhlanje, ezifana ne-H.264, HEVC okanye i-AV1, zisebenzise imigaqo ye-psychovisual (into iso ibona ngcono okanye embi) kunye nezicwangciso ezifana ubungakanani beebhloko eziguquguqukayo, izakhelo zereferensi ezininzi okanye ukusetyenzwa ngokunxuseneyo ukulinganisa umgangatho, ibit rate kunye nobunzima bokubala.

Eyona codecs esetyenziswa kakhulu kunye neefomathi namhlanje

H.264 (AVC)

H.264, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-AVC, ngowona mgangatho uxhaphakileyo ngenxa yayo ibhalansi enkulu phakathi komgangatho kunye ne-bitrateIsebenza phantse kuzo zonke iibhrawuza kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ingundoqo kwi-Blu-ray, i-TV yentambo, kunye nokusasazwa ngokubanzi.

Ubuchule bayo bubandakanya imbuyekezo yentshukumo esekwe kwibhloko, iibhloko ezinobungakanani obuguquguqukayo (4x4, 8x8, 16x16), uqikelelo lwe-intra-frame kunye nekhowudi ye-entropy (CAVLC/CABAC). Idla ngokufakwa kwiMP4, MOV, F4V, 3GP okanye TS, igcina isoftware ebalaseleyo kunye nokuhambelana kwevidiyo. hardware.

H.265 (HEVC)

I-HEVC (H.265) yafika ngokuphindwe kabini ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-H.264: ifezekisa Umgangatho olinganayo okanye ongcono malunga nesiqingatha sebitrate. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-4K kunye nomxholo oneenkcukacha okanye i-cinematic, kunye namaqonga afana Netflix Bayisebenzisela ukunciphisa i-bandwidth ngaphandle kokuncama ubukhali.

Yazisa i-CTU ukuya kuthi ga kwi-64×64, ingqikelelo yentshukumo echanekileyo, iindlela ezininzi zokuqikelela, i-CABAC ephuculweyo kunye nenkxaso yokubambisana. Iqhele ukupakishwa kwiMP4 kunye ne-TS (olunye uluhlu lubhida ipakethe yayo kunye ne-akhronim efana ne-"MP" okanye "SPP," ezingezizo iifomati zesikhongozeli ezisebenzayo).

H.266 (VVC)

I-VVC (H.266), iphuhliswe nguFraunhofer kunye nomlandeli we-HEVC, ijolise nciphisa ibitrate malunga ne-50% inzuzo eyongezelelweyo ngaphezu kwe-H.265 kwiimeko ezininzi. Ibambe isithembiso sokusasazwa kweselula kwenkcazo ephezulu, i-4K / 8K, kunye nevidiyo yevolumetric, nangona ukwamkelwa kwayo kuxhomekeke kwinkxaso yehardware kunye nemodeli yelayisensi.

AV1

I-AV1, inikwa amandla yi-AOMedia (Uphando, iAmazon, iNetflix, njl.njl.), yikhowudi yasebukhosini ejoliswe ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ukunciphisa iindleko zelayisensi. I-YouTube sele iyisebenzisa kwinxalenye yekhathalogu yayo (umxholo we-4K kunye eye), ukufumana umgangatho ophezulu kwi-bitrate ephantsi.

Imele ibhloko yayo kunye nekhowudi esekwe kwithayile (ubungakanani ukusuka kwi-4 × 4 ukuya kwi-128 × 128), ubungakanani obuguquguqukayo, uqikelelo oluphambili, ikhowudi ye-entropy enemigangatho emininzi, kunye nenkxaso yemveli ye-HDR. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna amandla amaninzi ekhompyuter ukubethela / ukucacisa, kwaye inkxaso yayo yehardware isakhula.

I-WMV

I-WMV (Windows Ividiyo yeMedia) lusapho lukaMicrosoft loxinzelelo lwevidiyo kunye nezisombululo zokugcina, ezijolise ngokucacileyo kwi-ecosystem yeWindows. Inika iifayile ezincinci kunye nomgangatho owamkelekileyo wemiboniso, i-imeyile okanye ukuhanjiswa kwePC elula.

I-WMV 7/8/9, VC-1, kunye neeprofayili ezisekelwe kwi-MPEG-4 zihlala phantsi kwesi sambrela. Nangona ukuhambelana kwayo okwangoku kusezantsi kuneMP4, kunokuba luncedo xa ifuneka. udibaniso oluthe ngqo kunye neWindows okanye ulawulo lwamaphepha-mvume/amalungelo kuloo ndawo kunye nokubonisana iipakethe zecodec zeWindows.

I-FLV kunye ne-F4V

I-FLV/F4V yenzelwe ividiyo yewebhu eneAdobe Flash Player. Baxhasa codecs ezifana I-Sorenson Spark, i-H.264 kunye ne-VP6. I-FLV ikwazile ukucinezela ngaphezu kweMP4 ngomgangatho olungileyo, igcina i-bandwidth kwixesha leFlash.

I-Flash ayisebenzi namhlanje, kodwa iifayile ezindala kunye nemijelo yelifa isekhona. I-F4V sisikhongozeli esisekwe kwi-ISO (yale mihla) xa sithelekiswa ne-FLV, efake iikhowudi kwividiyo/ngesandi njenge-SWF. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngoku kakhulu intsalela kwiiprojekthi ezintsha.

MOV (iXesha eliKhawulezayo)

I-MOV (QTFF) sisikhongozelo se-Apple sevidiyo, iaudio, umbhalo, kunye nemetadata, ethandwa kakhulu kubuchule bokuhamba komsebenzi ngenxa yayo. umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhlela lula. Iyafana neMP4, kodwa igcina iinkcukacha zeApple ecosystem.

Inokubandakanya i-Apple ProRes, i-Cinepak, i-Component Video, i-DV, i-DVCPro 50, i-H.263, i-H.264, i-H.265, i-Motion JPEG, i-MPEG-2, i-MPEG-4 Icandelo le-2, i-QuickTime Animation kunye ne-Sorenson 2/3, iyenza izinto ezininzi kwimveliso yasemva kunye nokuphumelela okuphakathi.

MKV (Matroska)

IMatroska sisikhongozeli sasimahla nesivulelekileyo esikwaziyo ukugcina phantse nayiphi na ikhowudi yevidiyo, iingoma ezininzi zeaudio, imibhalo engezantsi kunye nemetadataIprofayile ye-.mk3d isetyenziselwa umxholo othile we-3D.

Iqhelekile kwiimuvi kunye nothotho ngenxa yokukwazi ukuhlanganisa iinguqulelo, iilwimi, kunye nezihlokwana kwifayile enye. Inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu, nangona ingezizo zonke izixhobo eziyidlalayo ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngaphandle kokufaka isoftwe eyongezelelweyo.

MP4

IMP4 sisikhongozeli sehlabathi jikelele sewebhu kunye nezixhobo. Ixhasa ividiyo, iaudio, izihlokwana, umbhalo, kunye nemifanekiso engatshintshiyo. Lolona khetho lungcono kuninzi lwamaqonga oluntu (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, X/Twitter) yayo ukuhambelana nokusebenza kakuhle.

Inika iifayile ezincinci kunye nelahleko encinci yomgangatho, nangona inokucotha kuhlelo oluthile oluntsokothileyo. Ungqamaniso lwe-A/V alufane lubangele iingxaki, kodwa ukuba luyenzeka, ludla ngokuba ngenxa codecs okanye muxing ethile. Ukuba ufuna ukuguqula, bona njani Guqula ividiyo ibe yiMP4.

AVI

I-AVI kaMicrosoft ngumdlali wegqala kunye nomdlali olula. Isebenza kakuhle kwiiTV ezindala kunye nabadlali, kwaye kunokuba luncedo iikliphu ezimfutshane okanye imekobume yelifa. Ayilungele ukwabelana okanye ukusasazwa kwangoku ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nemida.

Ayigcini imibhalo engezantsi ngokwemveli kwaye ucinezelo lwayo lusebenza ngaphantsi kunokhetho lwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, yayo ukuhambelana okusisiseko okubanzi igcina iphila kusetyenziso oluthile.

I-AVCHD

I-AVCHD yenziwe ngu-Sony kunye ne-Panasonic yeekhamera zevidiyo, ezenzelwe ukubamba umgangatho ophezulu kunye noxinzelelo. H.264/MPEG-4Iphatha iimenyu, izihlokwana, kunye nemiboniso yezilayidi, kunye neenguqulelo zamva nje zixhasa i-3D.

Ukuhambelana kwayo ngokubanzi kuphantsi kuba ijolise kwi-hardware yekhamera kunye nokuhamba okuthe ngqo, kodwa inika ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwelahleko encomekayo ekufumaneni isemi-professional.

I-WEBM

I-WEBM sisisongelo somthombo ovulekileyo ovela kuGoogle weHTML5 odlalayo ngqo kwibhrawuza (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera) ngaphandle kweeplagi. Idibanisa kakuhle kakhulu kunye ne-codecs njenge-VP9 okanye i-AV1 ukunciphisa i-bitrate ngelixa igcina umgangatho.

Ilungele ukushumeka ividiyo ekhaphukhaphu kwiiwebhusayithi, iibhena, okanye imvelaphi eshukumayo. Isithende sayo se-Achilles yile nkxaso ye zixhobo kunye nabanye ukuhlela ukuhamba komsebenzi inokulinganiselwa xa ithelekiswa neMP4.

Indlela yokukhetha i-codec kunye nefomathi ngokusetyenziswa

Kwiwebhu, indlela yokuphumelela iqhelekile IMP4 eneH.264 Ngokuhambelana jikelele kunye nokuqhubekeka ngokukhawuleza, i-WEBM (ene-AV1/VP9) ikhanya kwizikhangeli zale mihla xa ujonge ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwesiza.

Ukuba ufuna iividiyo zakho zasekhaya "zisinde" kuvavanyo lwexesha, khetha iifomathi ezidumileyo nezivulekileyo. IMP4 ikhuselekile; I-AVI isasebenza kwiindawo ezindala. Beka izinto ezibalulekileyo kwindawo yokuqala ukuhambelana kwixesha elizayo kwaye ugcine iikopi ezisemgangathweni ophezulu xa kunokwenzeka.

ukuba apps IWindows, i-WMV inokwenza ubomi bakho bube lula enkosi kuhlanganiso lwenkqubo yayo kunye nokhetho lwangaphakathi lwelayisenisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwiplatform ezininzi, MP4/H.264 okanye HEVC idla ngokuba sisiseko esingcono.

Ekufumaneni nasekuhleleni, ii-codecs ze-intra-frame ezifana Apple ProRes okanye Avid DNxHD/DNxHR Bavumela umsebenzi ogudileyo kunye nezinto zobugcisa ezimbalwa; ukusabalalisa / ukusasaza, i-H.264 / HEVC / AV1 iyanconywa, njengoko ibeka phambili iifayile ezincinci kunye nokudlala okulula.

Qaphela i-asymmetry: H.264 / HEVC ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu "indleko" kwikhowudi kunokuguqula ikhowudi, elungele ukusasazwa kwizixhobo ezinamandla aphantsi. I-ProRes, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-encodes / i-decodes ngokukhawuleza kunye nomgangatho, ilungele ukuhlela kodwa kungekhona ukusasazwa kokugqibela.

Iingcebiso ngeqonga

YouTube icebisa MP4 nge I-H.264 yevidiyo kunye ne-AAC-LC yomsindo ukulayisha / ukucubungula isantya kunye nokuhambelana. Nangona ixhasa i-AV1 kunye ne-VP9, i-H.264 ihlala ilolona khetho lukazwelonke kwabaninzi.

I-Instagram yamkela iMP4 kunye ne-MOV, ikhetha iMP4 enecodec H.264 yesayizi encinci kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo. Kuba Facebook, MP4 okanye MOV ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye MP4 ukuba inzuzo ngenxa yomlinganiselo wayo umgangatho / ubunzima.

I "Codec Wars" kunye nemeko yemarike

Ngeminyaka yoo-2000/2010 bekukho ukhuphiswano olumandla lokumisela imigangatho kunye neemodeli zokukhutshwa kweelayisenisi. H.264 yaba inguqu enkulu ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwayo kunye nokwamkelwa kobuninzi. Ngokunyuka kwe-HD / 4K, i-HEVC yathatha enye intsibela phambili, kodwa iindleko zayo zelayisensi zanciphisa enye yokwandiswa kwayo.

I-AV1 yazalwa njengenye indlela yokuqinisekisa iindleko eziphantsi kubadali kunye nabasasazi, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (≈30% xa kuthelekiswa ne-HEVC kwiimeko ezininzi). Ukwamkelwa kwayo kuyakhula, kwaye sele isetyenziswa kumaqonga afana neYouTube, ngakumbi i4K kunye neHDR.

Ngokwezinto ezisebenzayo, xa usasaza imovie ye-4-iyure ye-2K, i-H.264 iya kufuna i ibitrate ephezulu, i-HEVC inokunciphisa kakhulu i-bandwidth kwaye i-AV1 inokubonelela ngomgangatho ofanayo nakumazinga aphantsi, ukunciphisa i-buffering kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedatha.

Kwi-IPTV/OTT, ukhetho luxhomekeke kumgangatho ofunekayo, umda womda, iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokuhambelana yepaki yesixhobo; ikwavavanya Zeziphi ii-codecs ezixhaswa ngumabonakude we-Smart?H.264 lihashe lomsebenzi; I-HEVC ikhanya kwisisombululo esiphezulu; I-AV1 izisa ikamva kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukuba iziseko zophuhliso ziyayixhasa.

Ukufudukela kwii-codecs ezintsha kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe: vavanya isiseko sakho, uvavanyo ngomxholo wokwenyani, qinisekisa kwizixhobo ekujoliswe kuzo, isicwangciso. ukuphuculwa kwehardware kunye nokugcina iindlela zokubuyela umva (umzekelo, sebenzisa i-H.264 kwizixhobo ezindala kunye ne-AV1 kwiiphequluli ezihambelanayo / i-hardware).

Kukho izisombululo zorhwebo ezenza lula ukungeniswa, i-transcoding yexesha langempela, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweefomathi ezininzi. Abavelisi abanje Iseva yeMedia yeFlussonic Badibanisa imibhobho yokubamba kunye ne-transcoding ukuhambisa umxholo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esinomgangatho ohambelanayo.

Inqaku elisecaleni: Kumaqonga anje ngeReddit uya kubona iibhena zemvume yecookie ezichaza ukuba zisetyenziswa njani itekhnoloji efanayo. gcina iinkonzo, umlinganiselo kunye nobuntu Amava. Ayichaphazeli ukhetho lwakho lwe-codec, kodwa kuluncedo ukwazi xa uvavanya abadlali kunye neemeko zewebhu.

Kuthekani ukuba ividiyo yakho ayizudlala? Iicodecs, ukuhambelana, kunye neefayile ezonakeleyo

Ukuba ividiyo ayiqalisi, iyasikwa, okanye izandi azihambisani, inokuba kungenxa ii-codecs ezingekhoyo okanye ezingahambelaniyo, ungquzulwano lwephakheji, iifayile ezikhowudwe kakubi okanye ukonakala kwefayile ngokwayo (izihloko ezaphukileyo, izakhelo ezonakeleyo, njl. njl.).

Okokuqala, jonga isitya esichanekileyo kunye neecodecs ngesixhobo esinje ngeMediaInfo okanye ufunde ukwenza njani chonga kwaye ulawule iikhowudi eziyimfuneko, hlaziya eyakho codecs kunye nomdlali (VLC, MPC‑HC) kwaye uzame ukuguqulela kwifomati eqhelekileyo (umzekelo, MP4/H.264 + AAC). Ukuba ifayile yonakalisiwe, ufuna into eluncedo yokulungisa.

Ukhetho oludumileyo yi Wondershare Repairit, elungisa iividiyo ezonakalisiweyo kwiimeko ezininzi: ayidlali, akukho sandi, iA/V ayisebenzi, iimpazamo zokudlala, ukonakala kwentloko, ukuqhwanyaza, okanye ikhowudi yekhowudi elahlekileyo. Ixhasa i-HD epheleleyo, i-4K, kunye ne-8K kwiifomathi eziqhelekileyo ze-18 (MOV, MP4, M2TS, INSV, M4V, WMV, MPEG, ASF, njl.).

Ikwalungisa urhwaphilizo loxinzelelo, ukonakala kwenkqubo okanye utshintsho lwefomathi kwaye isebenza ngeefayile ezivela kumakhadi e-SD, iiselfowuni, iikhamera kunye iiyunithi i-USB. Ayithinteli inani okanye ubungakanani beevidiyo eziza kulungiswa kwaye inikezela ngeendlela ezimbini zokuskena (ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphambili) ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lorhwaphilizo. Ukufumana izikhokelo ezipheleleyo malunga nendlela yokulungisa iividiyo, Lungisa iividiyo ezonakeleyo kwiWindows ungajongana nezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Iyahambelana Windows 11/10/8/7/Vista, Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016/2019/2022 kunye macOS 10.10 ukuba 13Ukuhamba okusisiseko kulula: faka i-app, yongeza iividiyo kumgca wakho, qalisa ukulungiswa, kwaye xa kugqityiwe, jonga kwangaphambili kwaye uyigcine kwindawo oyithandayo.

Xa udibanisa ukulungiswa kunye nokufakwa kwakhona kweekhowudi, zama ukuthumela ngaphandle kwisitya kunye ne-codec ye ukuhambelana okuphezulu (MP4/H.264 + AAC) ukunciphisa iingxaki zokudlala koomabonakude, iiselfowuni eziphathwayo kunye neebhrawuza, kwaye kuqwalaselwe iindlela buyisela iividiyo ezonakalisiweyo ngeVLC ukuba kuyangena.

Ukukhetha i-codec efanelekileyo kunye nesikhongozeli sigcina i-bandwidth, isantya sokulayisha, iphucula ubukhali, kwaye inqanda intloko yesixhobo. Nge-H.264 njengokubheja okukhuselekileyo, i-HEVC yezisombululo eziphezulu, kunye ne-AV1 njengokubheja okusebenzayo kunye nokungahlawulelwayo, kunye neefomati eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-MP4, MOV, okanye i-MKV, kulula ukulungelelanisa imveliso kwindawo nganye yokusingwa; kwaye ukuba kukho into engaphumeleliyo, unokuthembela izixhobo zokulungisa kunye nesicwangciso sokudlulisa iikhowudi siya kukuvumela ukuba uphinde uhambise iividiyo zakho ngaphandle kokuphoswa sisibetho.