Ziziphi iindawo zeMemori ye-RAM?

inkumbulo yofikelelo olungenamkhethe (iMemori yoFikelelo ngokuNgaqhelekiyo, RAM) Yinkumbulo yokusebenza yekhompyuter.

Imemori yokusebenza kulapho amacandelo enkqubo yokusebenza afunekayo ukuze aqhube ikhompyuter alayishwa kwaye agcinwe.

I-RAM ikwagcina iinkqubo ngelixa zisetyenziswa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-RAM, kodwa ngokuziphendukela kweteknoloji yememori, uhlobo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje lusekelwe kwisiseko se-SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM).

I-DDR yakutshanje (ireyithi yedatha kabini) i-1, i-2 kunye ne-3 zonke zisekelwe kwi-architecture ye-SDRAM.

Unokufunda kwakhona: Uyikhulula njani i-RAM kwi-iPhone kunye ne-iPad

Amacandelo RAM

Amalungu ememori ye-RAM ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Iiplaca

Le yibhodi yesekethe apho onke amacandelo athengiswa khona. hardware ukusuka RAM. Ifaka isekethe edibeneyo ye-silicon-based semiconductor ebonelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo ememori, kunye ne-interface kunye nekhompyuter ukuvumela iprosesa kunye nomlawuli wememori ukuba afikelele kwi-RAM.

2. Jonga

Ngokungafaniyo neDRAM (inkumbulo eqhelekileyo), Imisebenzi yememori ye-SDRAM ilungelelaniswa kwiimpawu zewotshi, eyenza lula ujongano lolawulo kwaye isuse imfuno yokuvelisa imiqondiso ye-analog ye-pseudo efunekayo kwi-DRAM eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona kunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa kwezinto zememori kuba imemori ekhawulezayo inokuveliswa ngexabiso elifanayo.

3. IMowudi yoBhaliso

Umsebenzi wale rejista ye-chip kukuqwalasela umsebenzi osisiseko wesixhobo. Ilawula i-CAS (i-column steering strobe) latency, ubude bexesha, kunye nohlobo lokuqhuma, kwaye idla ngokusetwa ngelixa ikhompyutha iqala ukuvulwa.

4. Iibhanki zememori

Eli licandelo elineemodyuli zenkumbulo eyiyo (iiseli) ezigcina idatha. Kwi-SDRAM, kuhlala kukho iibhanki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, ezivumela ibhanki enye ukuba ifumaneke ukufikelela ngelixa enye ilayishwe kwangaphambili. Oku kuphelisa ukulibaziseka okubangelwa kukulayisha kwangaphambili kwibhanki enye, okukhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okudluliselwa. Kwakhona kunciphisa i-granularity yebhanki nganye, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwiindleko eziphantsi ze-16 MB kunye noxinzelelo lwememori ephezulu.

5.SPD Chip

I-SPD imele ukubonwa kobukho obulandelelanayo. I-SDRAM ine-chip elungisiweyo ye-SPD equlethe ulwazi malunga nohlobo lwememori, ubungakanani, isantya, kunye ixesha ukufikelela. Le chip ivumela ikhomputha ukuba ifikelele kolu lwazi ekuqaleni ngelixa ihamba ngomjikelo wayo wokuvavanya amandla.

6. Ikhawuntara yokuqhumisa

I-counter burst counter yi-on-chip counter egcina umkhondo weedilesi zekholomu ukwenzela ukuba ufikelele kwisantya esiphezulu. Isebenzisa iindidi ezimbini zokugqabhuka, ezilandelelanayo kunye nekhefu, kunye nobude obahlukeneyo bokugqabhuka, kwaye ezi parameters zinokucwangciswa kusetyenziswa irejista yemo.

Iintlobo zokubeka RAM

Imemori yokufikelela ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye i-RAM, ibonelela ngomsebenzi oxabisekileyo ngaphakathi koyilo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter. I-RAM isebenza njengendawo yokugcina. ukugcinwa ukugcinwa okwethutyana kwedatha efanelekileyo esetyenziswa yinkqubo esebenzayo okanye inkqubo yokusebenza yekhompyuter.

Iprosesa yekhompyuter inokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kule datha kwaye iyisebenzise kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi ofunekayo. I-RAM igcinwe kwii-microchips ezibonakalayo eziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-motherboard yekhompyuter yakho ngothotho lweendawo zokubeka.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhompyuter oyisebenzisayo, iindawo zayo zokubeka i-RAM zinokwahluka kakhulu. Ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeememori zokubeka ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje kunye nokwahluka okuncinci ekusebenzeni kwazo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba unolwazi oludingayo ukugcina ikhompyuter yakho isebenza ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-RAM

Isidingo seentlobo ezininzi ze-RAM zokubeka ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yokuba iifomati ezininzi ze-RAM zisetyenziswa namhlanje. Kwiikhompyuter zedesktop, i-SDRAM kunye ne-DDR zezona fom zidumileyo ze-RAM ezisetyenziswayo, ngelixa iilaptops Iipopu Ngokuqhelekileyo babonisa i-SODIMM RAM, inguqulelo encinci ye-DIMM RAM.

Nakweyiphi na kwezi meko, uhlobo lwe-RAM olusetyenziswayo lunokwahluka kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wayo kunye nesantya sokusebenza. Oko kuthethiweyo, iinkcukacha zokusebenza kwe-RAM yakho aziyi kuba nefuthe kuhlobo lweslot oyisebenzisayo. Njengomthetho jikelele, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-slot ludityaniswe noluhlu ngalunye lwe-RAM esetyenziswayo.

Iintlobo zokubeka inkumbulo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje

Xa uvavanya i-motherboard yekhompyuter yakho, uya kuba nakho ukuchonga iindawo zokubeka imemori eziqhagamshelwe kuyo. I-RAM kunye neendawo zayo zokubeka ezihambelanayo zihlala zichongwa ngenani lezikhonkwane ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa.

Umzekelo, ikhompyuter yakho inokusebenzisa imodyuli ye-168-pin ye-SDRAM. Xa uqhagamshela i-RAM kwikhompyuter, kunyanzelekile ukuba izikhonkwane zetsimbi kwi-RAM zihambelane ngqo nezibuko eplaga kulo.

Ngaloo nto engqondweni, ezi zikhonkwane kunye neziseko ezidibanisa kuzo kwi-motherboard zisebenza njengento ekhethekileyo yokuchongwa kunye nesixhobo esihambelanayo se-RAM kunye ne-slot ehambelana nayo.

Izixa ezahlukeneyo zokubeka RAM

Emva kovavanyo olucokisekileyo lwebhodi yakho yomama, kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana umbono olungileyo wokuba zingaphi na iindawo zokubeka i-RAM ezikhoyo ukuze zisetyenziswe. Kuqhelekile ukuba iinkqubo zekhompyuter zabathengi zibe phakathi kwe-RAM ezimbini ukuya kwezine.

Kwiihardware ezingakumbi zobuchwephesha, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-RAM ezintandathu zokubeka ayivakali. Ukuchonga ezi ndawo zokubeka, kufuneka ujonge uthotho lweeseti ezinde, ezibhityileyo zamazibuko aphakanyisiweyo, aqhele ukufumaneka macala omabini eyunithi ye-CPU.

Ewe kunjalo, uyilo oluthile kunye nokwakhiwa kwedesktop okanye ilaptop yakho kuya kuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ziphi na ezi ndawo zokubeka i-RAM.

Nje ukuba uzifumene iindawo zokubeka, ungaqhagamshela i-RAM ehambelanayo oyithengileyo. Gcina ukhumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi ndawo zokubeka zihlala zimiselwe iyunithi ethile ye-RAM. Ukuba uyaqaphela ukuba izikhonkwane kwi-RAM yethu azihambelani ne-port ngokwayo

Amacandelo asisiseko se-microprocessors

Intel yazisa i-microprocessor yokuqala ngo-1971 kwaye wayibiza ngokuba yi-microprocessors yanamhlanje, enemilinganiselo encinci kune-dime, inika amandla amaninzi kunye nezakhono. Embindini wekhompyuter, iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (CPU) iqukethe i-microprocessors enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Yenziwe nge-silicon chip equlethe izigidi ze-transistors, ii-microprocessors zihambisa idatha ukusuka kwidilesi yememori enye ukuya kwenye indawo. Ii-CPU zenza izigqibo kwaye emva koko ziye kusebenza kwimiyalelo emitsha kunye nokubala.

iyunithi yezibalo ezinengqondo

La "iyunithi yezibalo kunye nengqiqo" (ALU) yenza izibalo zemathematika, ezifana nokuthabatha, ukudibanisa, ukwahlula, kunye nemisebenzi ye-Boolean. Imisebenzi yeBoolean luhlobo lwengqiqo esetyenziselwa uyilo lwesekethe. I-ALU yenza uthelekiso olunengqiqo kunye neemvavanyo. Iprosesa idlulisela imiqondiso kwi-ALU, etolika imiyalelo kwaye yenza izibalo.

Iingxelo

Ii-Microprocessors zineendawo zokugcina idatha zethutyana ezibizwa ngokuba ziirejista. Ezi ndawo zememori zigcina idatha, njengemiyalelo yekhompyutha, iidilesi zokugcina, amagama, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.

Eminye imiyalelo yekhompyutha inokufuna ukusetyenziswa kweerejista ezithile njengenxalenye yomyalelo. Irejista nganye inomsebenzi othile, njengerejista yomyalelo, ikhawunta yeprogram, i-accumulator, kunye nerejista yedilesi yememori. Ngokomzekelo, irejista yeprogram iqulethe idilesi yemiyalelo ethathwe kwimemori yokufikelela ngokungahleliwe.

Iyunithi yokulawula

Iiyunithi zokulawula (CUs) zifumana iimpawu ezivela kwi-CPU, exelela iyunithi yokulawula ukuhambisa idatha ukusuka kwi-microprocessor ukuya kwenye. Iyunithi yokulawula iphinda iqondise i-arithmetic kunye neyunithi yengqiqo. Iiyunithi zolawulo zibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi anjenge-decoder, iwotshi kunye nolawulo lweesekethe zengqiqo.

Ukusebenza kunye, ezi zixhobo zihambisa izibonakaliso kwiindawo ezithile kwi-microprocessor. Umzekelo, idikhowuda ifumana imiyalelo yesicelo. Idikhowuda itolika imiyalelo kwaye yenze isenzo.

Ithumela imiqondiso kwi-ALU okanye iqondise iirejista ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Iyunithi yokulawula ingqiqo idlulisela izibonakaliso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo e-microprocessor kunye neerejista, ezizisa la macandelo ukuba enze izenzo. Iwotshi ithumela imiqondiso engqamanisa kwaye iqinisekise ukuphunyezwa kwangethuba kwemiyalelo kunye neenkqubo.

Isantya sebhasi

I-Microprocessors inenkqubo yeebhasi, ezihambisa idatha. Iibhasi zibhekisa kuhlelo lweengcingo ezinemisebenzi ethile kunye nemisebenzi. Ibhasi yedatha idlulisela idatha phakathi kweyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi kunye nememori yokufikelela okungahleliwe (RAM), imemori ephambili yekhompyuter.

Ibhasi yokulawula ithumela ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa nokulawula imisebenzi emininzi. Ibhasi yedilesi ithumela idilesi phakathi kwe-CPU kunye ne-RAM ukuze idatha iqhutywe

Indawo efihlakeleyo

Ezinye ii-microprocessors eziphambili zineememori zememori, ezigcina idatha yokugqibela esetyenziswa yi-CPU. Iimemori zememori zikhawuleza inkqubo yekhompyutha, kuba i-CPU ayifuni ukuya kwi-RAM ecothayo ukubuyisela idatha.

Iikhomputha ezininzi zinezinga 1 okanye inqanaba le-2 cache; Ezinye iinkqubo zinezinga le-3 cache libonisa umyalelo apho i-CPU ihlola idatha, ngokuqala kwinqanaba 1. Abavelisi bahlala bedibanisa inqanaba le-2 kunye ne-3 cache kwi-microprocessor, ephucula isantya sokutshutshisa.

Unokuthanda: Uyisebenzisa njani yonke iMemori ye-RAM kwiWindows 10