Yintoni isahlulelo se-Windows EFI, yenzelwe ntoni, kwaye uyilawula njani?

Ukuba ukhe wajonga kulawulo lwediski yekhompyuter yakho kwaye udibana ne-a isahlulo esibizwa ngokuba yi-EFI, Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza ukuba yintoni kanye kanye nokuba ifanelekile na ukuyilungisa okanye ukuyicima. Esi sahlulelo sihlala sifihliwe kwaye asifane sibonakale kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla, kodwa indima yaso ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba ukusichukumisa ungaqondanga kunokunika inkqubo yakho ukuba ingasebenziseki.

Kwesi sikhokelo esineenkcukacha ndichaza nzulu ukuba yintoni isahlulelo senkqubo ye-EFI, yintoni imisebenzi yayo, ungajonga njani ukuba iPC yakho iyayisebenzisa, iingozi zokuyicima kunye nendlela yokuqhuba zombini ekudalweni kwayo kunye nokususwa kwayo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo. Windows, zonke zichazwe ngokucacileyo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuphepha iimpazamo ezibulalayo.

Yintoni isahlulelo senkqubo ye-EFI?

Ukwahlulahlula kwenkqubo ye-EFI, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-ESP (I-EFI System Partition), licandelo elincinane le-hard drive, edla ngokuba phakathi kwe-100 MB kunye ne-500 MB, eyenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa ufaka inkqubo yokusebenza yangoku, njenge-Windows 10 okanye i-11, kwi-drive esebenzisa i-GPT (i-GUID Partition Table) iskimu sokwahlula.

Esi sahlulelo si ifomathiwe ngaphakathi I-FAT32 kwaye ayinayo ileta eyabelweyo, ngoko awuyi kuyibona ngokwesiqhelo kwiFayile Explorer. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili ngu gcina iifayile ezifunekayo ukuqala inkqubo yokusebenza, ezifana nezilayishi, abaqhubi abayimfuneko kunye nezinto eziluncedo ezivumela inkqubo ukuba ilayishe phambi kweWindows okanye nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokusebenza eneneni iqale ukusebenza.

Umgangatho we-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), ephantse yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo BIOS ngokwesiko, isebenzisa ulwahlulo lwe-EFI ukufumana kunye nokwenza ezi fayile ekuqaleni, isenza inkqubo isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ikhuseleke.

Amacandelo kunye nemisebenzi yolwahlulo lwe-EFI

Isahlulo seEFI iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukusebenza kwesiqalo:

• Iibootloaders: Iinkqubo ezinoxanduva lokuqalisa inkqubo efakiweyo yokusebenza, nokuba yiWindows, Linux okanye ezinye ezihambelana ne-UEFI.
• Abaqhubi bezixhobo: Izinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka ziqatshelwe hardware Kubalulekile ngexesha lokuqalisa, ezifana ne-hard drives kunye ne-RAID systems.
• Izixhobo zeNkqubo: Izixhobo ezinokuqhutywa phambi kokuba inkqubo yokusebenza iqale, iluncedo ekubuyiseni okanye kuxilongo.
• Iifayile zedatha: zibandakanya logs yeempazamo okanye ulungelelwaniso oluyimfuneko kumanqanaba okuqala okuqalisa.

Ukongeza, ezinye ii-OEMs zisebenzisa isahlulelo se-EFI ukubandakanya izixhobo zesiko, uhlaziyo lwe-firmware, okanye izikripthi zokubuyisela, ngaloo ndlela zandisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Kutheni iWindows isebenzisa isahlulelo se-EFI?

Ukususela kwi-Windows 8 ukuya phambili, xa inkqubo ifakwe kwidisk efomathiweyo kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-GPT, yenza ngokuzenzekelayo isahlulelo se-EFI ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana ne-UEFI kunye nokuthatha inzuzo yophuculo lwayo: amaxesha okuqalisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuphathwa kakuhle kweediski ezinkulu, kunye nenkxaso yeempawu eziphambili ezifana nofihlo lwe-BitLocker kunye ne-Secure Boot.

Ngaphandle kwesi sahlulelo, ikhompyuter yakho ayizukwazi ukuqalisa iWindows., kuba kulapho iifayile zokuqala zihlala khona. Ukuba unazo neenguqulelo ezininzi zeWindows okanye ezimbini-i-boot ene Linux, inkqubo nganye inokufuna iifayile kwisahlulelo se-EFI ukuze ilawule isiqalo sayo.

Ungazi njani ukuba iPC yakho isebenzisa isahlulelo se-EFI?

Indlela yokufumanisa ilula kwaye luluvo olulungileyo ukujonga ngaphambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwidiski yakho:

1. Vula isixhobo soLawulo lweDiski: Cofa iqhosha leWindows + R, uhlobo diskmgmt.msc kwaye cinezela Ngena.
2. Fumana izahlulelo ngaphandle kweleta yokuqhuba: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala njenge "EFI System Partition" okanye efanayo, kunye nobukhulu obumalunga ne-100 MB okanye i-200 MB.
3. Jonga uhlobo lwesahlulelo: Ukuba idiski ikwifomati yeGPT kwaye ubona ulwahlulo lwe-EFI, iPC yakho isebenzisa ukuqalisa kwe-UEFI.
4. Ukukhangela iinkcukacha ezithe kratya, unokuphinda uvule iNkqubo yeeNkcukacha ngokuchwetheza "msinfo32" kwibhokisi yokukhangela yeWindows kwaye ujonge "iModi ye-BIOS" yokungena: ukuba ithi i-UEFI, inkqubo yakho isebenzisa i-EFI isahlulelo.

Kwiikhompyuter ezinenkqubo endala MBR (Irekhodi lokuQalisa eliPhambili), ulwahlulo lwe-EFI aluyi kubakho, kwaye ukuqala kuya kusebenza ngokwahlukileyo.

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Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ufikelela njani kwaye usebenzise iqokobhe le-UEFI

Ngaba ulwahlulo lwe-EFI lubalulekile Windows 10/11?

Impendulo emfutshane nguewe. Ulwahlulo lwe-EFI lubalulekile kuqaliso olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kweWindows.Ukucima okanye ukuyonakalisa kunokukushiya ngaphandle kokufikelela kwinkqubo yakho yokusebenza, ukongeza kwingxaki ukuba usebenzisa iBitlocker okanye ufuna ukufikelela kwiinketho zokubuyisela, ukuqala ngokukhuselekileyo, okanye ukulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukongeza, ulwahlulo lwe-EFI luthatha indawo encinci kakhulu kwaye ayiphazamisi kwi ukugcinwa kwiifayile zakho zobuqu, ngoko ukuzama ukuphelisa "ukufumana indawo" kuchasene kwaye kuyingozi.

Kweziphi iimeko apho unokufuna ukucima isahlulelo se-EFI?

Akukhuthazwa ukucima isahlulelo se-EFI ukuba idiski yakho yeyona iphambili. kwaye iqulathe inkqubo yokusebenza oyisebenzisayo. Iimeko kuphela apho kunokuba sengqiqweni ukuyisusa zezi:

• Ukufakela inkqubo entsha yokusebenza ukusuka ekuqaleni, apho inkqubo yokufakela iya kudala ngokuzenzekelayo ukwahlula kwe-EFI entsha.
• Ukususa ulwahlulo kwidiski yesibini, umzekelo, idiski yangaphandle apho ukwahlula kwe-EFI kudalwe ngempazamo okanye ngexesha lovavanyo lweenkqubo ezininzi ze-boot kwaye akusafuneki.
• Xa kukho izahlulo ezininzi ze-EFI kwaye ufuna kuphela ukugcina ikopi enye ukwenza lula ulawulo lwe-boot.

Ngaphambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho, Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke idatha yakho kwaye qinisekisa ukuba awunikezeli isixokelelwano sakho singasebenzisekiyo ngokucima isahlulelo esingalunganga.

1. Ukugrumba nzulu kwiinketho kwaye ulawule izahlulo ze-boot, unokujonga ukuba njani Hambisa isahlulelo sokuqala kwiWindows.

Kutheni ndingenako ukucima isahlulelo se-EFI kwiWindows?

Ukuba uzama ukucima isahlulelo se-EFI kwisixhobo sokuLawula iDiski, uya kubona ukuba inketho ethi "Cima uMqulu" ingwevu ukunqanda ukuguqulwa ngengozi. IiWindows ziyasikhusela esi sahlulelo kuba sicinga ukuba sibalulekile kuqaliso lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela eziphambili ukunyanzelisa ucimo, mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa isixhobo somgca imiyalelo Diskpart, okanye ngesoftware yolawulo lwezahlulo ezikhethekileyo ezifana efibootmgr kwi Linux.

Amanyathelo okucima isahlulelo senkqubo ye-EFI

Indlela yoku-1: Ukusebenzisa i-Diskpart

Le ndlela ifuna isilumkiso kunye nongenelelo olululo lwezandla:

1. Pulsa Windows + RUbhala diskpart kwaye ucofe u-Enter.
2. Kwifestile yomyalelo, ngenisa: uluhlu lwe disk kwaye uqaphele inani lediski apho isahlulelo se-EFI sikhona.
3. Bhala khetha idiski X (buyisela u-'X' ngenani elihambelanayo).
4. Ngoku chwetheza dwelisa uluhlu ukubona izahlulelo zediski kwaye ufumane uhlobo lwe-EFI.
5. Khetha isahlulelo nge khetha isahlulelo N (tshintsha 'N' ukuya kwi-EFI inombolo yokwahlula).
6. Qala utshintshe into echongayo ukuyenza isahlulelo sedatha: set id=ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7
7. Ngoku ungayisusa usebenzisa cima ulwahlulo olwahlukileyo

Gcinga ezingqondweni Ukuba ucima isahlulelo se-EFI kwidiski apho iWindows ifakwe khona, iya kuyeka ukuqala. Qwalasela eli nyathelo kuphela kuqhubo lwangaphandle okanye iimeko apho inkqubo ingaxhomekekanga kweso sahlulelo.

Indlela yesi-2: Ngesoftware ekhethekileyo (i-EaseUS Partition Master okanye i-AOMEI yoMncedisi weSahlulo)

Ukuba awukhululekanga ngomgca womyalelo, ezi nkqubo zikuvumela ukuba ulawule izahlulelo ngokulula:

1. Khuphela kwaye ufake I-EaseUS Partition Master okanye kwiPC yakho.
2. Vula inkqubo kwaye ukhangele ngokubonakalayo ulwahlulo lwe-EFI kuludwe lwezahlulo zedisk.
3. Cofa ekunene kwisahlulelo se-EFI kwaye ukhethe "Cima."
4. Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwaye usebenzise utshintsho. Kwezinye iimeko, kuya kufuneka uqalise kwakhona inkqubo yakho okanye usebenzise imeko-bume yeWinPE eyenziwe yisoftware ngokwayo.

Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngeendlela ezongezelelweyo indlela yokudibanisa isithuba esikhululwe yi-EFI isahlulelo kunye nezinye izahlulo okanye ukuguqula iidiski phakathi kwe-MBR kunye ne-GPT ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha.

Amanyathelo okwenza isahlulelo se-EFI kwiWindows

Kwiimeko ezininzi, IiWindows zenza isahlulelo se-EFI ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lofakelo olucocekileyo kwidiski ye-GPT. Ukuba ufuna ukuyiphinda emva kokuyicima ngempazamo okanye ukufaka inkqubo kwidiski entsha, landela la manyathelo:

1. Qalisa iPC kwimidiya yokufakela yeWindows (i-USB okanye iDVD) kwaye, kwiscreen sokuqala, cofa Shift+F10 ukuvula i isikhawulezisi somyalelo.
2. Ukufikelela kwiDiskhi kwaye ukhethe idiski enemiyalelo:
   diskpart
   uluhlu lwe disk
   khetha idiski X (isusa uX ngenani elihambelanayo)
3. Yenza isahlulelo se-EFI nge: yenza isahlulelo se-efi size=200 (lungisa ubungakanani ukuba uyafuna)
4. Fometha isahlulelo: ifomathi ngokukhawuleza fs=fat32 ilebhile=»Inkqubo»
5. Faka i-bootloader:
   bcdboot C:\Windows/s S:/f UEFI (Tshintsha unobumba ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukhomba kwi-Windows drive ngokuchanekileyo)

Emva kwala manyathelo, iPC iya kuphinda ikwazi ukuqala kwi-UEFI, ngaphandle kokuba inkqubo yokusebenza kunye noseto lwe-firmware luyivumela.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ucima ngempazamo isahlulelo se-EFI?

Ukucima ulwahlulo lwe-EFI kwidiski apho inkqubo yakho ixhomekeke kwizizathu ikhompyuter ayikwazi ukuqalisa iWindows. Ungaphinda uphulukane nokufikelela kwiimpawu zokubuyisela, Indlela ekhuselekileyo, kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo ezibalulekileyo.

Ngethamsanqa usenako ukubuyisela i-boot ngokwenza isahlulelo esitsha se-EFI kunye nokufaka kwakhona iifayile ze-boot, okanye ngokusebenzisa isoftware yokubuyisela njenge I-Wondershare Recoverit, ekuvumela ukuba uqalise kwi-USB kwaye ugcine iifayile ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokulungisa ufakelo lwakho lweWindows.

Amanyathelo aqikelelwayo ngesoftware yokubuyisela inokuba:

• Khuphela kwaye wenze i-USB evulelekileyo kwenye ikhompyuter.
• Qhagamshela i-USB kwiPC echaphazelekayo kwaye uqwalasele i-BIOS/UEFI ukuqalisa kuyo.
• Buyisa kwaye ugcine idatha ebalulekileyo kwenye idrayivu yangaphandle phambi kokuzama ukulungisa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ungadibanisa njani izahlulo ezimbini kwiWindows 11 ngeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesebenzayo

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