Uyisebenzisa njani iWinget ukufaka nokulawula iinkqubo kwiWindows

Kwilizwe le-Windows, ukufaka kunye nokulawula usetyenziso luhlala lubonwa njengomsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ongasebenziyo. Abasebenzisi abaninzi basasebenzisa indlela yemveli yokukhangela ngesandla, ukukhuphela kwiiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenzisa izifakeli nganye nganye.. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba bekukho indlela ekhawulezayo, elula, kunye neyobuchule yokufaka iinkqubo ozithandayo ngomyalelo omnye ovela kwi kwisigxina?

Ngokwenene, yiloo nto kanye eyisombululayo. Ukuwina, Umphathi wephakheji osemthethweni weMicrosoft, otshintshe indlela abasebenzisi beWindows abafaka ngayo, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokukhupha isoftware. Iphefumlelwe ngabaphathi abasele bekho iminyaka kwiinkqubo ze-GNU/Linux (njenge-apt okanye i-dnf), esi sixhobo senza ubomi bube lula kubo bobabini abasebenzisi abaphambili kunye nabo batsha kwikhonsoli. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani ngokupheleleyo inzuzo kaWinget? Hlala ubukele, kuba siza kuyicacisa ngokubanzi apha.

Yintoni kanye kanye Winget kwaye kutheni kufuneka uyisebenzise?

Masifike kwinqanaba: Winget, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiWindows Package Manager, yinto eluncedo yomgca imiyalelo Iphuhliswe nguMicrosoft ukulawula ukufakela, uhlaziyo, uqwalaselo, kunye nokususwa kwezicelo ngaphakathi Windows 10, 11 Windows kunye neenguqulelo zamva nje zeWindows Server. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ulahlekelwe ixesha ukukhangela abafakeli okanye ukukhangela iiwebhusayithi ezikrokrisayo ukukhuphela isoftwe; imiyalelo embalwa nje konke efunekayo ukufumana ikhomputha yakho kanye ngendlela ofuna ngayo.

UWinget ubeyinxalenye yenkqubo yokusebenza ukusukela kwiinguqulelo zangoku Windows 10 kunye Windows 11., nangona inokufakwa ngesandla okanye kwizixhobo apho iMicrosoft Store ingafumanekiyo, njengoko kunjalo kwiWindows yasebukhosi- Ishishini okanye kwiindawo ezikwanti (Sandbox).

Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa umphathi wepakethe kwiWindows

Ukuba uvela Linux, sele uyayazi into esithetha ngayo, kodwa ukuba ungumsebenzisi weWindows ubomi bakho bonke, utshintsho lwengqondo lufanelekileEzinye zezona zibonelelo ziphawulekayo zokusebenzisa iWinget ziquka:

• Ufakelo oluzenzekelayo kunye nohlaziyo: Ungafaka iinkqubo ezininzi ngexesha elinye okanye uzigcine zisexesheni ngaphandle kokugqitha kuzo nganye nganye.
• Ufakelo olucocekileyo nolukhuselekileyo: Iipakethi zivela kuGcino lweMicrosoft kunye nendawo yokugcina uluntu elawulwayo; iintsholongwane ezimbalwa kunye ne-adware encinci.
• Kulula ukubhala kwaye uyisebenzise: Ilungele abalawuli benkqubo okanye abasebenzisi abasoloko befaka iiWindows.
• Ukuguquguquka kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso: Kuyenzeka ukongeza eminye imithombo yesoftware, ukwenza ulungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo, njl.

Ngamafutshane, Yeyona ndlela yangoku, yobuchwephesha nesebenzayo yokufaka iinkqubo kwiWindows.

Uyifaka njani iWinget kwindlela yakho

Okunokwenzeka nokuba unayo iWinget efakiweyo ukuba uyayisebenzisa Windows 10 (uguqulelo 1709 okanye kamva) okanye Windows 11, njengoko isiza idityaniswe nge-App Installer, ehlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kuGcino lweMicrosoft. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, vula ngokulula PowerShell okanye Uphawu lwenkqubo kwaye ubhala:

winget --version

Ukuba ibuyisela inguqulelo, ukulungele ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuba akunjalo, okanye ukuba uguqulelo lwakho lweWindows luhlelo olulodwa (njengeLTSC, IoT, okanye iinguqulelo zeSandbox), Unokufaka iWinget ngesandla ngokulandela la manyathelo:

• Khuphela iphakheji ye-Winget msixbundle kwindawo yokugcina esemthethweni ye-GitHub, uhlala ukhetha olona guqulelo luzinzile lwamva nje.
• Nceda ukhuphele kwakhona ifayile yelayisensi (Ilayisensi1.xml) ehambelanayo.
• Faka iipakethe zokuxhomekeka eziyimfuneko ezifana VCLibs y Microsoft.UI.XamlEzi fayile zinokukhutshelwa kwiilinki ezisemthethweni zikaMicrosoft; Qinisekisa ukuba ukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwekhompyuter yakho.
• Sebenzisa i-PowerShell (ngeemvume zomlawuli) kwaye uqhube:

Add-AppxPackage -Path <ruta de VCLibs.appx>

Add-AppxPackage -Path <ruta de Xaml.appx>

Add-AppxPackage -Path <ruta de msixbundle de Winget>

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa ilayisenisi:

Add-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -PackagePath <ruta de msixbundle> -LicensePath <ruta de License1.xml>

Emva koko kufuneka ubone winget.exe kwifolda yakho yeWindowsApps (idla ngokungena C:\Abasebenzisi\[Igama lakho]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps) kwaye iya kuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na i-terminal yomyalelo.

Ukuqalisa: Uyisebenzisa njani iWinget

Ukuqalisa, vula i-PowerShell okanye i-Command Prompt window enamalungelo omlawuli. Eli nyathelo lingundoqo, njengoko ufakelo oluninzi lufuna amalungelo awongezelelweyo. kwaye ukuba awenzi njalo, ezinye ii-apps zinokungafaki ngokuchanekileyo.

Umyalelo osisiseko wawo nawuphi na umsebenzi ngokulula:

winget

Oku kuya kukubonisa uncedo, inguqulelo efakiweyo, kunye nemiyalelo ekhoyo. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:

• uphendlo lwephiko: Khangela isicelo kwindawo yokugcina.
• iphiko ufake: Ifakela usetyenziso olukhankanyiweyo.
• Ukuphucula i-winget: Idwelisa zonke izicelo ezinokuhlaziywa.
• uphuculo lwe-winget-yonke: Hlaziya zonke ii-aplikeshini ezifakiweyo kwinguqulelo yazo yamva nje.
• iphiko lokukhupha: Ikhupha usetyenziso olubonisiweyo.
• uluhlu lwamaphiko: Ibonisa uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezifakiweyo ezilawulwa yiWinget.

Ndiyabulela kule miyalelo, Ungayilibala i-tedium yokukhangela abafaki nganye nganye..

Winget Advanced Commands and Options

IWinget ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokufaka nje. Umzekelo, ungathumela ngaphandle okanye ungenise uluhlu lwenkqubo yakho, tshintsha iindawo zokugcina, qwalasela inkqubo yakho, okanye uqinisekise iipakethe ukuba ungumphuhlisi.

• umboniso wephiko: Ibonisa iinkcukacha malunga nephakheji ethile.
• ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngephiko -o apps.json: Thumela uluhlu lwee -apps ezifakiweyo kwifayile ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda uzifake ngokulula.
• ii-winget import apps.json: Ifakela zonke iinkqubo ezidweliswe kwifayile ethunyelwe ngaphandle.
• umthombo wephiko longeza -igama -arg: Yongeza enye indawo yokugcina ipakethe.
• i-wing hash: Ivelisa i-SHA256 hash ye-installer; iluncedo ekuqinisekiseni imfezeko.
• iphiko liqinisekisa: Iqinisekisa iifayile ze-manifest phambi kokuba zilayishwe kwindawo yokugcina.
• Winget configure -file path/winget.yaml: Isebenzisa ulungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo olusekwe kwifayile ye-YAML (elungele ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokusasazwa kobunzima).
• iphiko-uncedo: Ibonisa zonke iinketho ezikhoyo kunye neeparamitha.

Phawula umyalelo woqwalaselo, ekuvumela ukuba uchaze kungekuphela nje iinkqubo eziza kufakwa kodwa kunye nokuxhomekeka, izikripthi, kunye nezithintelo (ezifana noguqulelo olusezantsi lwenkqubo yokusebenza) ngefayile yeYAML. Oku kulungele abalawuli be-IT okanye abo bafuna ukuba nekhompyuter ilungile kwimizuzu nje embalwa emva kokufakwa kwakhona.

Iifomati zoMfaki ezixhaswa nguWinget

Enye yamandla kaWinget kukuba ayiphelelanga kudidi olunye lwesifakeli. Iyakwazi ukulawula iinkqubo ezipakishwe njenge-EXE, ZIP, MSI, INNO, NULLSOFT, WIX, APPX, MSIX, BURN okanye izicelo Iipopu, nto leyo eyenza kube bhetyebhetye okukhulu.

Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula oko Ayizizo zonke ii-apps ezikwindawo yokugcina iWinget, nangona uluntu lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunokwenzeka ukufaka isandla kwiiphakheji ezintsha ngeGitHub.

Izifundo: Ukufakela kunye nokugcina iSoftware oyithandayo

Masithi usanda kufaka iWindows okanye uthenge iPC entsha. Musa ukuchitha ixesha ukhuphela isifakeli ngasinye ngesandla. Yenza uluhlu lwee -apps ozifunayo kwaye uziqalise zonke ngaxeshanye:

winget install discord.discord gimp.gimp microsoft.powertoys valve.steam

IWinget iyakukhuphela ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ifake inkqubo nganye, ikugcinele imizuzu emininzi.

Ngaba ufuna ukugcina yonke into isexesheni? Ufuna nje:

winget upgrade --all

Ngale ndlela, zonke iiapps zakho ezihambelana neWinget ziya kuhlaziywa ukuya kuhlobo lwamva nje olukhoyo, ngaphandle kokuba uzikhangele nganye nganye.

Kwezona zicwangcisiweyo kakhulu, Ungagcina uluhlu lweenkqubo ezifakiweyo no:

winget list > programas.txt

Ukongeza, unokukhangela iinkqubo usebenzisa:

winget search notepad

Oku kuya kubonisa zonke iipakethe ezinxulumene negama elingundoqo kunye nemvelaphi yazo.

Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokuzenzekela ngeefayile ze-YAML

Enye yeempawu zeenkwenkwezi kubasebenzisi abaphambili okanye abo balawula amaqela amaninzi kukusetyenziswa kwe Iifayile zeYAML ukwenza ufakelo lwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye noqwalaselo. Ngefayile elula, unokuchaza ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo zokufakela, zeziphi izikripthi ezisebenzayo, kwaye zeziphi iimeko ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe (umzekelo, ubuncinci beWindows version).

Umzekelo olula kakhulu we-YAML weWinget inokuba:

properties: # Assertions assertions: - MinVersion: "10.0.19041.0" # Resources resources: - package: Microsoft.VisualStudioCode version: "latest" - package: Google.Chrome version: "latest" - script: | Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force -AllowClobber

Emva koko, uyisebenzise nge:

winget configure --file ruta/winget.yaml

Le ndlela yile Ilungele iinkampani, amasebe e-IT kunye neendawo apho ukufakwa kufuneka kuphindwe rhoqo..

Ukulawula imithombo yesiko kunye nogcino

Ngokuzenzekelayo, uWinget usebenzisa iMicrosoft Store kunye novimba osemthethweni wabahlali. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindawo zokugcina zinokongezwa., ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele kwisoftware ethile yombutho wakho okanye iindawo zokugcina zabucala.

Ukongeza ifonti entsha, baleka ngokulula:

winget source add --name MiRepo --arg https://url-del-repo

Kwaye ukubona zonke iifonti ezimiselweyo:

winget source list

Oku Ivula umnyango wokufaka isoftware yakho, iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, okanye usetyenziso olungekho kwindawo yokugcina umhlaba..

Ukuqwalaselwa kwabalawuli kunye nabasebenzisi abaphambili

Ukuba usebenzisa iWinget njengomlawuli, Ungafaka izicelo ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa utshintsho ngalunye kwi-UAC (Ulawulo lweAkhawunti yoMsebenzisi), kodwa kufuneka ulumke kakhulu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufaka kuphela iinkqubo ozithembileyo.

Ukulungisa okanye ukulungisa iingxaki, iWinget ibonelela ngolwazi lokuloga kunye nemiyalelo efana ne winget --info kwiinkcukacha zesixokelelwano, iinguqulelo, kunye nolunye useto.

Winget kwiindawo ezithile: I-Windows Sandbox kunye neWindows IoT Enterprise

Kwiimeko apho iMicrosoft Store ingafumanekiyo okanye iWindows Sandbox (indawo ekhuselekileyo, eyodwa yokuqhuba usetyenziso) isetyenzisiwe, ukufaka iWinget kufuna amanyathelo awongezelelekileyo:

• Khuphela ngesandla iipakethe (ezifana neVCLibs, Xaml, kunye ne-msixbundle esuka kwiWinget).
• Ukufakela usebenzisa i-Powershell, ngokulandela imiyalelo esele ichazwe kumacandelo angaphambili.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwendlela yoncedo kunye nokufikelela ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo leyo.

KuShishino lweWindows IoT, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele izikhokelo ezinikezelwe nguMicrosoft, njengoko ezinye iinguqulelo zingabandakanyi iVenkile kwaye zifuna ukuba ufakele iipakethe ngesandla.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu

IWinget ngumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye ikhowudi yayo iyafumaneka kwiGitHub. Oku kuvumela nabani na ukuba abe negalelo ngokongeza usetyenziso olutsha, ukuphucula isixhobo, okanye ukuphuhlisa iiplagi. Ukuba uziva usebenzisana, ungajonga indawo yokugcina apha https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/ ngolwazi oluthe kratya okanye ungenise olwakho uphuculo.

Ukongeza, iMicrosoft igcina amaxwebhu asemthethweni Uvimba obanzi kakhulu kunye noluhlu lweempazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemiba, kunye neeforamu apho unokubuza imibuzo okanye uxele iimpazamo. Ukuba isicelo asikho kwindawo yokugcina, ungasoloko usicebisa kwaye wenze ubomi bube lula kuluntu luphela.

Ngamafutshane, IWinget lubhejo lweMicrosoft oluqinisekileyo lolawulo lwesoftware kwiWindows.. Iququzelela ukugcinwa, isantya ukufakwa kwakhona kwaye ibonelela ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko olufanele abasebenzisi abaphambili kunye nabaqalayo. Ukuba awukayizami okwangoku, ngoku lixesha lokuyizama kwaye ufumane ukusebenza kakuhle enokuyizisa kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.