Uyenza njani iphakheji ye-Snap inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukuba uphuhlisa usetyenziso kwiLinux, kungekudala okanye kamva uya kungena kwintloko efanayo: Uyipakisha njani kwaye usasaze isoftware yakho ngendlela elula, ekhuselekileyo, nehlaziyiweyo ngaphandle kokujongana nokuxhomekeka kunikezelo ngalunye. Kulapho i-Snap ingena khona, ifomathi yephakheji yeCanonical eye yamkelwa ngokwanda yidesktop kunye neemeko zeseva.

Kwesi sikhokelo uya kubona Uyenza njani iphakheji ye-Snap inyathelo ngenyathelo, yivavanye kwikhompyuter yakho, kwaye uyipapashe nakwiSitolo se-SnapKodwa siza kuchaza ngqo ukuba yintoni i-Snap, yeyiphi indima edlalwa yi-snapd, izibonelelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga, kwaye xa ifaneleka ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa (umzekelo, kunye nezicelo ezifana neeprojekthi ze-Nextcloud okanye i-Electron). Injongo kukuba ugqibezele eli nqaku ukwazi ukupakisha i-app yakho ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye wazi ukuba le fomati ikulungele na.

Yintoni i-Snap kwaye kutheni sele idume kangaka

I-Snap yifomati yephakheji yendalo yonke yeLinuxIdalwe yiCanonical (inkampani ngasemva kwe-Ubuntu), iipakethe ze-Snap zinombono ocacileyo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphakheji efanayo isebenza ngokufanayo kunikezelo olwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokufuna naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kwinkqubo yesiseko. Ukufezekisa oku, iphakheji nganye ye-Snap ibandakanya isicelo kwaye phantse zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli esizimeleyo.

Endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwiilayibrari zesistim njengoko iiphakheji zemveli zisenza (deb, rpm, njl.)Ii-snaps ziphethe "ubhaka" wazo nayo yonke into efunekayo. Oku kunciphisa ngoko nangoko iingxaki ezininzi eziqhelekileyo: iinguqulelo zethala leencwadi ezingahambelaniyo, ukuxhomekeka okwaphukileyo, okanye ukungqubana nezinye iipakethe ezifakiweyo.

Lonke useto lulawulwa ngu snapd, i-daemon enoxanduva lokuhlohla, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokusebenzisa i-Snapsi-snapd isebenza ngasemva, ilawula iimvume, inyanzelise ukhuseleko lwebhokisi yesanti, icwangcisa uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo, kwaye igcina inkqubo yakho isexesheni ngomzamo omncinci kwicala lakho.

Ngombulelo kule ndlela, iphakheji efanayo ye-Snap inokufakwa ngaphandle kotshintsho Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux, Linux Mint kunye nezinye izinikezelo ezininzi ezixhasa i-snapd. Ngokwembono yomphuhlisi, yindlela efanelekileyo yokufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngefomathi yokuhambisa enye.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo ze-Snap xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iifomati

Phambi kokuba singene kwicala elisebenzayo, kufanelekile ukucacisa Inika ntoni i-Snap kwaye yeyiphi imiqobo enayo? xa kuthelekiswa nokupakishwa kwendabuko okanye ezinye iindlela ezifana neFlatpak okanye i-AppImage.

Amandla amakhulu e-Snap kukuzimela kwayo kokusasazwaIphakheji eyenziwe kakuhle iya kuqhuba ngokufanayo kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-Ubuntu, i-Debian, okanye i-Fedora ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba ugcine amasebe athile. Oku kwenza izinto zibe lula kubo bobabini abaphuhlisi kunye nabasebenzisi, abangasaxhomekekanga kwindawo yokugcina ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware esexesheni.

Enye inzuzo ephambili kukuba Isifinyezo ngasinye sibaleka kwindawo ekwanti (ibhokisi yesanti)Oku kwahlula kunciphisa impembelelo yolwaphulo lokhuseleko, kuthintela usetyenziso ekufikeleleni kwiifayile zesixokelelwano ekungafanelanga ukuba zizenze, kwaye imida iingxabano nezinye izicelo. appsNgokusebenzisa ujongano kunye "iiplagi" Unganikezela ngokuthe ngcembe ukufikelela okulawulwayo kwinethiwekhi, iaudio, ikhamera, ulawulo lwasekhaya, njl.njl., ulandela umgaqo welungelo elincinci.

Kwakhona, i-snapd ibamba uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayoSnap apps zihlaziya ngasemva, kwaye ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, unako buyisela umva kuhlaziyo lwangaphambili yempahla ngomyalelo olula. Oku kubonelela ngoxolo olukhulu lwengqondo kwiindawo zemveliso okanye kumaqela apho ungafuni ukuhlala ubeka iliso kulo lonke uhlaziyo.

Inxalenye engathandekiyo kukuba, ngokubandakanya phantse bonke abaxhomekeke, I-Snap idla ngokuthatha indawo eninzi kwidisk ngaphezu kokulingana kwazo kwiifomathi zemveli ezininzi. Ikwaqhelekile ukuba ezinye izicelo ezipakishiweyo ezifana ne-Snap zifumaneke kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo. thatha ixesha elide ukuqalisaingakumbi idesktop enzima, ngenxa yomaleko wokugquma kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendibano.

Enye into exambulisanayo kwamanye amalungu oluntu kukuba I-Snap Store ibekwe kwindawo enye kwaye ilawulwa yiCanonicalNangona ifomathi ivuliwe, i-repository ephambili ilawulwa yinkampani enye, ephikisana nefilosofi esasazwa ngakumbi ye-Linux kwaye iphikisana ne-Flatpak ecosystem (i-Flathub) okanye indlela yokugcina i-AppImage.

Faka kwaye uvule i-Snap kunikezelo olukhulu lweLinux

Ukwenza nokusebenzisa iipakethe ze-Snap kufuneka ube nazo snapd ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye isebenza kwinkqubo yakho. Inkqubo iyahluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kunikezelo, kodwa ilula kakhulu kuzo zonke.

En Ubuntu kunye nezinto eziphuma kule mihla (ukusuka ngo-16.04 ukuya phambili) snapd iza ifakwe kwangaphambili. Ungajonga oku nge:

snap version

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile ayikho, ungayifaka nge-APT ngokuqhuba uhlaziyo kwaye emva koko kufako lwe-snapd:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install snapd

En Debian okanye Linux Mint Unokufumana ifayile yokhetho evalela iipakethe ze-Snap. Kwimeko apho, inyathelo lokuqala phelisa umgaqo obalelayo:

sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref

Emva koko uhlaziya kwaye ufake i-snapd ngendlela efanayo:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install snapd

Kwihlabathi le FedoraInkxaso ye-Snap ayidityaniswanga ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kodwa ungayenza ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu. Okokuqala, ufaka i-snapd, ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina esemgangathweni okanye kwi-EPEL ngokuxhomekeke kuhlelo, kwaye emva koko. Uvula isokethi ukuze inkonzo iboot:

sudo dnf install snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket

Ukongeza, ukwenza ukuhambelana kwendlela yakudala, a ikhonkco elingumqondiso /snap yalatha kulawulo olusetyenziswa ngu snapd:

sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap

En Arch Linuxsnapd iyafumaneka kwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni. Uyifaka nge-pacman kwaye, kwakhona, uvule inkonzo nge-socket:

sudo pacman -S snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap

Nje ukuba wenze i-snap up kwaye usebenze, unako Faka, dwelisa, hlaziya, kwaye ucime i-Snaps nge imiyalelo iziseko: snap install, snap list, snap refresh, snap remove y snap find ukukhangela usetyenziso olukhoyo kwiSnap Store. (bona Udwelisa njani iipakethe ezifakwe ku-Ubuntu)

Indlela yokupakisha i-app kwi-Snap inyathelo ngenyathelo

Masingene kwicandelo elidla ngokuba nomdla kakhulu ebantwini: Pakisha esakho isicelo ngefomathi ye-SnapUkuhamba ngokubanzi kukulungiselela i-app yakho, faka i-Snapcraft, kwaye uchaze ifayile. snapcraft.yamlLungisa ukuvalelwa kwaye, ekugqibeleni, yakha kwaye uvavanye ipakethe.

Ukulandela le nkqubo, kulula kakhulu ukuba nayo iseva okanye ikhompyuter enoBuntu 18.04 okanye ngaphezulu (okanye i-distro ehambelanayo), eneakhawunti yomsebenzisi enamalungelo e-sudo, kwaye, ukuba ufuna ukupapasha i-Snap yakho, ngeakhawunti kwideshibhodi yomphuhlisi we-Snapcraft. Ukuba awunayo i-app okwangoku, ungasebenzisa elula "Molo World" kwi Hamba njengomzekelo.

Into yokuqala kukudala uluhlu oluthile lokusebenza lwe-Snap yakho kwaye uzibeke ngaphakathi:

mkdir ~/tu-snap
cd ~/tu-snap

Ukuba sele unayo ikhowudi yomthombo weprojekthi yakho, khuphela yonke into kulo vimba weefayili. Ukuba ikwi-Git, ungaqalisa indawo yokugcina kwaye udibanise okanye ungenise iifayile eziyimfuneko apho. Ingcamango kukuba Yonke into oyifunayo isicelo iqokelelwa kwisiqulathi seefayili esinyekuba iya kuba yindawo yokuqala yokupakisha.

Ukuba ufuna umzekelo omncinci, unokwenza inkqubo encinci kwi-Hamba ngefayile ebizwa helloworld.go printa umyalezo kwikhusi. Faka i-Go nge-APT ukuba awunayo, kwaye emva koko ubaleke go run helloworld.go ukuqinisekisa ukuba usetyenziso olusisiseko lusebenza ngokuchanekileyo phambi kokuba luguqulelwe kwi-Snap.

Nge-app yakho ilungile kulo vimba weefayili, inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba fakela isixhobo sokwakha se-Snapcraft, enoxanduva lokufunda uqwalaselo, ukusombulula ukuxhomekeka, kunye nokuvelisa ipakethe yokugqibela.

Faka kwaye uqonde i-Snapcraft, isixhobo sokwenza i-Snaps

I-Snapcraft yikhithi esemthethweni yeCanonical kubaphuhlisi chaza, wakhe kwaye upapashe iipakethe ze-Snap ngaphandle kokubuyisela ivili. Ifakela njenge-Snap kwaye iqhube kwimowudi yakudala ukuze ibe neemvume eziyimfuneko ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa.

Ukuyifakela kwi-a indlela yokusebenza enesnapdQalisa ngokulula:

sudo snap install snapcraft --classic

Ikhetho -iklasikhi yenza ukuba kutshixeke ngokungqongqo Kwi-Snapcraft, oku kuyimfuneko kuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokupakisha kufuneka ifikelele kwinkqubo, iqalise ukwakha, ukulawula ukuxhomekeka, kunye nokusebenza ngeefayile ezingaphandle kwendawo yayo.

Nje ukuba ifakwe, uya kubona umyalezo obonisa inguqulelo eyongeziweyo kwisistim, into efana nale: "i-snapcraft XXX esuka kwiCanonical efakiweyo"Ungaqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ichanekile ngokuqhuba:

snapcraft --version

Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukuya phambili, umyalelo snapcraft Iyafumaneka kwiqokobhe lakho kwaye ungayisebenzisa ngaphakathi kuluhlu lweprojekthi yakho Yakha inqwaba yakho yokuqala ye-SnapKodwa kuqala, uqwalaselo lwayo kufuneka luchazwe kusetyenziswa ifayile ethile yeYAML.

Chaza igama, imethadatha, ii-apps, kunye namalungu kwi-snapcraft.yaml

Intliziyo yayo nayiphi na i-Snap yifayile snapcraft.yaml, apho uchaza ukuba isicelo senza ntoni, sakhiwe njani, nguwuphi umyalelo ovezwa kumsebenzisi, zeziphi iiplagi ezisetyenzisiweyo, zeziphi iindawo eziqulethwe kuzo, kwaye zeziphi iimvume ezifunekayo.

Qala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba usekwi isikhombisi seengcambu ukusuka kwiprojekthi yakho (leyo oyenzileyo njengefolda ye-Snap) kwaye wenze ifayile yoqwalaselo ngomhleli wakho owuthandayo:

cd ~/tu-snap
nano snapcraft.yaml

Okokuqala, chaza i Imetadata esisiseko: igama, isishwankathelo, inkcazo, kunye noguquleloUmzekelo unokuba:

name: helloworld
summary: Pequeña aplicación de ejemplo empaquetada como Snap.
description: |
Programa Hello World escrito en Go y distribuido como paquete Snap
usando la herramienta Snapcraft para ilustrar el proceso paso a paso.
version: '1.0'

Igama kufuneka libe Oku kufuneka kuphela ukuba uya kupapasha kwi-Snap StoreKe, ngumbono olungileyo ukujonga ukuba ayikathathwa. Isishwankathelo sinomda weempawu, kwaye inkcazo ingaba yimigca emininzi usebenzisa isimboli. | njengoko kumzekelo.

Lifikile ke ixesha lokungqina. Snap's "apps"Oko kukuthi, imiyalelo enokwenziwa ngumsebenzisi kwi kwisigxina Ukuqalisa isicelo sakho, yongeza icandelo ngaphakathi kwefayile. apps: kwaye uchaze nokuba mnye ungeno:

apps:
helloworld:
command: helloworld

Apha, Igama elithi "helloworld" ligama elinengqiqo le-app kunye nomyalelo oza kuphunyezwaLoo myalelo kufuneka ungqamane nokubini okanye elishicilelwe ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuqokelela ivelisa; kumzekelo we Go, iyakuba sisiphumo esiphunyeziweyo.

Ukuba igama lomyalelo lihambelana ngqo negama le-Snap, ungaliqhuba ngokuthe ngqo emva kofakelo. Ukuba azihambelani, uSnap uyakongeza ngokuzenzekelayo isimaphambili esinegama lephakheji, into omele uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha indibano yakho yamagama.

Emva koko kufuneka uchaze "amacandelo"Ezi ziibhloko zokwakha ezenza ipakethe yakho: isicelo sakho esiphambili, izixhobo ezincedisayo, ukuxhomekeka okongeziweyo, njl. njl. i-plugin ethile kuxhomekeke kulwimi okanye iteknoloji oyisebenzisayo. Umzekelo, kukho iiplagi zeGo, Python, Ruby, Rust, Node.js, Java, njl.

Ukumbona uluhlu lweeplagi ezixhaswayo Kwinguqulelo yakho yeSnapcraft ungasebenzisa:

snapcraft list-plugins

Kwimeko yomzekelo kwi GoUbume obuncinci bamalungu bunokuba:

parts:
helloworld:
plugin: go
source: .
go-importpath: helloworld

Ikhetho source: . ibonisa ukuba ikhowudi yemvelaphi ikuluhlu olufanayo apho ifayile ihlala khona snapcraft.yaml, kunye nepharamitha go-importpath Ichaza indlela yokungenisa yeGo iplagi. Ezinye iiplagi zineenketho zazo ezikhethekileyo, onokubonisana nazo snapcraft help nombre-del-plugin.

Okwangoku unokuyishiya ifayile ivuliwe kuba uqwalaselo olunxulumene noku [okulandelayo] kusafuna ukufakwa. ukuvalelwa kokhuseleko kunye neemvume zokungena ukuba isicelo sakho siyakufuna.

Ukuvalelwa, ujongano, kunye neeplagi: ukulawula iimvume ze-Snap

Enye yeempawu ezichazayo ze-Snap kukuba Usetyenziso luqhutywa ngaphakathi kwendawo yovavanyo okanye kwibhokisi yesanti. nto leyo enciphisa into abanokuyenza. Oku kuqwalaselwe kwifayile snapcraft.yaml usebenzisa isitshixo confinement kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, ngokusebenzisa ujongano kunye neeplagi.

Ukuqala, yongeza i-a umgca wokuvalelwa ukufaka ifayile:

confinement: strict

Indlela Ingqongqo lelona nqanaba liphezulu lokhuseleko Kwaye yindlela ecetyiswayo kwiimeko ezininzi xa uza kupapasha ipakethe esidlangalaleni. Ngaphantsi kwesi sivalelo, i-app yakho ayikwazi ukufikelela ngokukhululekileyo kuthungelwano, inkqubo yefayile yenginginya, okanye ezinye izixhobo ngaphandle kokuba uyayivumela ngojongano oluthile.

Unxibelelwano lufana "izixhumanisi zemvume" ezivumela i-Snap ifikelele kumthombo othile: igalelo lesandi kunye nemveliso, ikhamera, inethiwekhi, ulawulo lwasekhaya, iifayile zesixokelelwano, njl njl. Ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:

• Ukudlala okuvakalayo: ukudlala isandi.
• irekhodi-audio: ukubamba isandi kwi-microphone.
• ikhamera: ukusebenzisa iiwebcams eziqhagamshelweyo.
• ikhaya: ukufunda nokubhalela kwiifayile ezingafihlwanga kulawulo lwasekhaya.
• womnatha: ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kunye nenethiwekhi yendawo.
• inethiwekhi-bophelela: ukuze i-app isebenze njengenkonzo yenethiwekhi kwaye imamele kumazibuko.
• inkqubo-iifayile: kwiimvume ezibanzi kwindlela yefayile yenginginya.

Ukunxulumanisa olu jongano kunye ne-Snap yakho, uyachaza iiplagi ezinamagama achazayo kwicandelo elihambelanayo le-YAML. Umzekelo olula onika ufikelelo kuthungelwano kunye nefolda yasekhaya iya kuba:

plugs:
helloworld-home:
interface: home
helloworld-network:
interface: network

Igama leplagi (umzekelo, helloworld-ikhayaYile nto abasebenzisi baya kuyibona xa bejonga unxibelelwano, ngoko kufuneka kucace. Kamva, xa i-Snap ifakiwe, unokubona ukuba ezi khonkco zikhangeleka njani ngomyalelo snap connections nombre-del-snap, eya kubonisa ukuba loluphi ujongano oludityanisiweyo kwiplagi nganye.

Ngale nto, ifayile yakho snapcraft.yaml sele iqulathe igama, imethadatha, ii-apps, iindawo, ukuvalelwa, kunye neeplagi ezisisisekoOko kukuthi, ubuncinci besakhiwo esifunekayo ukwakha ipakethe okokuqala.

Un umzekelo opheleleyo Inkqubo yeLizwe likaMolo inokujongeka ngolu hlobo:

name: helloworld
summary: Pequeño programa Hello World en Go empaquetado como Snap.
description: |
Aplicación de ejemplo que imprime "Hello, world!" en la terminal.
Empaquetada usando Snapcraft para mostrar el flujo de trabajo básico.
version: '1.0'
confinement: strict
apps:
helloworld:
command: helloworld
parts:
helloworld:
plugin: go
source: .
go-importpath: helloworld
plugs:
helloworld-home:
interface: home
helloworld-network:
interface: network

Yakha, faka ekuhlaleni, kwaye uvavanye iphakheji yakho ye-Snap

Xa useto lugqityiwe, lixesha lokuba Qokelela i-Snap kwaye uyivavanye kwinkqubo yakhoQinisekisa ukuba ukuluhlu lweengcambu zeprojekthi kwaye uqhube:

snapcraft

I-Snapcraft iya kuqala umatshini wenyani okanye indawo yokwakha ecocekileyo (kuxhomekeke kuguqulelo kunye ne-backend oyisebenzisayo), iya kukhuphela ukuxhomekeka okuyimfuneko kwaye ivelise ipakethe. Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, uya kubona umyalezo onje ekupheleni:

Snapped helloworld_1.0_amd64.snap

Loo fayile helloworld_1.0_amd64.snap yiphakheji enesiphumoIkulungele ukuhlohla kwiinkqubo ezihambelanayo. Ukuyivavanya ekuhlaleni, sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo (ukusuka kulawulo olufanayo okanye ngokuchaza indlela):

sudo snap install helloworld_1.0_amd64.snap --dangerous

Ikhetho -ingozi yazisa i-snapd ukuba uyi-Snap yasekhaya ngaphandle kwesiginitsha esemthethweniNgoko ke, ukufakela kwenziwa ngomngcipheko wakho. Xa igqityiwe, uya kubona umyalezo othi "helloworld 1.0 ifakiwe".

Ukusuka apho, unako sebenzisa umyalelo owuchazileyo kwicandelo le-apps, kule meko:

helloworld

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yakhiwe kakuhle, kufuneka ibonise okubhaliweyo "Molo Lizwe!" kwimveliso eqhelekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba i-Snap isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Ukujonga iimvume ezisebenzayo kunye nonxibelelwano lojongano, ungasebenzisa:

snap connections helloworld

Imveliso iya kudwelisa ujongano ngalunye, iplagi yayo ehambelanayo, kunye ne-slot ehambelanayo, eluncedo kakhulu Jonga nje ngokukrwaqula ukuba i-app yakho inokufikelela phi. kuthungelwano, inkqubo yefayile, okanye ezinye izixhobo.

Papasha i-Snap yakho kwi-Snap Store kwaye uyilawule ngamajelo

Nje ukuba isicelo sakho sipakishwe kakuhle kwaye sivavanyiwe, inyathelo elilandelayo elisengqiqweni yenza ukuba ifumaneke kwihlabathi liphela ngeSnap StoreUkwenza oku udinga iakhawunti yomphuhlisi we-Snapcraft kwaye usebenzise umyalelo ngokwawo. snapcraft ukuziqinisekisa kwaye ulayishe ifayile.

Qala ngokungena kwiakhawunti yakho yomphuhlisi ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela:

snapcraft login

Ngenisa idilesi ye-imeyile kunye negama lokugqitha ehambelana neakhawunti yakho. Xa sele iqinisekisiwe, inyathelo elilandelayo Bhalisa igama lakho le-Snap kwivenkile ukuze ihlale inxulunyaniswe nawe:

snapcraft register helloworld

Ukuba igama likhona, umsebenzi uya kugqitywa kwaye uya kukwazi Qala ukulayisha uphononongo lwephakheji yakho kwiVenkile ye-Snap usebenzisa umthetho snapcraft push:

snapcraft push helloworld_1.0_amd64.snap

Emva kokulayisha kunye nenkqubo yokuphonononga ngokuzenzekelayoUya kubona umyalezo ofanayo no:

Revision 1 of 'helloworld' created.

Ngalo lonke ixesha upapasha ulwakhiwo olutsha lwephakheji efanayo, inani lohlaziyo liya kwandaOku kuluncedo kakhulu ekuchongeni ulwakhiwo oluthile kunye nokwenza ii-rollbacks ukuba kuyimfuneko. Inyathelo lokugqibela lokwenza i-Snap ifakwe nguye nabani na kukukhulula olo hlaziyo kwisitishi.

snapcraft release helloworld 1 stable

Apha ubonisa ukuba kufuneka ikhululwe uhlaziyo 1 kwitshaneli "ezinzileyo".Ukwanayo nemijelo umviwa, beta kunye edge ukusasaza iinguqulelo zovavanyo, ukukhulula abaviwa, okanye ukwakhiwa kophuhliso olungazinzanga (bona Uzifaka njani iinguqulelo ezimbini zepakethe efanayo). Ekugqibeleni, uya kubona itafile yetshaneli kunye nohlaziyo olubonisa ukuba yeyiphi inguqulelo ekhoyo kwisitayile ngasinye.

Ukusukela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, nawuphi na umsebenzisi onesnapd uya kuba nakho ukufaka isicelo sakho nge "I-sudo snap faka i-helloworld" kwaye ufumane uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo xa uthumela uphononongo olutsha kwisitishi esifanelekileyo.