Usebenza njani ngeGit kwiVisual Studio kunye neKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo: IsiKhokelo esipheleleyo, esiHlaziyiweyo

Ukuba ungumphuhlisi okanye unomdla ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo ngeeprojekthi zakho zekhowudi, ngokuqinisekileyo uvile malunga Git kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kubahleli abadumileyo, njenge IziXhobo zeStudiyo zokuBonakalayo zeeAplikheyishini y Ikhowudi ye-Visual Studio. Ulawulo lwenguqulelo luphumile ekubeni lukhetho ukuya kwimfuneko yokwenyani kulo naliphi na iqela lophuhliso, kodwa ngaba uyazi ngenene ukuba ungaya kude kangakanani ngokulawula oovimba bakho, amasebe, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi komhleli ngokwakhe? Kweli nqaku, sikuxelela, ukusuka ekuqaleni kunye neenkcukacha, indlela yokufumana okuninzi kwi-Git ngaphakathi kosapho lweVisual Studio, nokuba ukuyo. Windows njengakwezinye iinkqubo, ukusebenza yedwa okanye kwiqela.

Makhe sijonge nzulu ukuba njani yenza, fanisa, kwaye ulawule oovimba, indlela yokudibanisa ababoneleli abaphambili bangaphandle (i-GitHub, i-Azure DevOps, i-GitLab), indlela yokusombulula iingxabano, ukwenza ukhetho lweGit kwi-IDE kunye nesandla esihle amaqhinga ukuze ukuhamba kwakho kube lula, kukhuselekile, kwaye kulungiselelwe wena. Nokuba umtsha kwezi meko-bume okanye sele uneminyaka ukho, nantsi isikhokelo esibanzi, esisexesheni esigcwele iingcebiso ezisebenzayo, zenyathelo nenyathelo ngolwimi olulula.

Kutheni usebenzisa i-Git eyakhelwe kwi-Visual Studio kunye neKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo?

Inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo Git namhlanje, ngumgangatho wede facto wokugcina a imbali ekhuselekileyo, elungelelanisiweyo nesebenzayo yayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yophuhliso, nokuba ngumntu okanye yintsebenziswano. Okona kulungileyo kuko konke IziXhobo zeStudiyo zokuBonakalayo zeeAplikheyishini (zombini kuhlelo lwayo nakwiKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo, "umntakwenu omncinci" kunye nokukhanya). udibaniso olunamandla kakhulu lwemveli lweGit, ekuvumela ukuba ulibale ngokupheleleyo malunga nomgca we imiyalelo ukuba uyathanda.

Xa usebenza neGit kwezi meko, unako:

• Yila oovimba abatsha, zombini yasekhaya kunye nekude, ngocofa kabini.
• Hlanganisa iiprojekthi ezikhoyo ukusuka kwiGitHub, GitLab, Azure DevOps, okanye nawuphi na omnye umnikezeli oxhaswayo.
• Lawula amasebe, zibophelele, kwaye ungqamanise utshintsho ngaphandle kokushiya umhleli.
• Sombulula iingxabano ngeliso kwaye ilula, ngaphandle kokulahleka phakathi kwemiyalelo engaqhelekanga.
• Lungisa kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso amava akho ngokupheleleyo ngeGit ngokweemfuno zakho.

IziXhobo zeStudiyo zokuBonakalayo zeeAplikheyishini Igqame ngokuba nenye ye ujongano olupheleleyo nolubonakalayo ukuphatha iGit, elungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza nayo iindawo zokugcina kwiGitHub kunye neAzure DevOps. Kwinxalenye yayo, Ikhowudi ye-Visual Studio Ilungile ukuba ujonge into ekhaphukhaphu kunye neqonga lomnqamlezo, kunye nenani lezongezo ezandisa amathuba emveli.

Ukuqalisa: Izinto ezifunekayo kunye noFakelo

Ngaphambi kokuba utsibe ekusebenzeni neGit, qiniseka ukuba unayo:

• I-Git ifakwe kwinkqubo yakho. Ungakhuphela uguqulelo lwenkqubo yakho yokusebenza ukusuka git-scm.com. I-Visual Studio iqhele ukuyibona ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kuya kufuneka uchaze indlela ngesandla.
• Isitudiyo esiBonakalayo okanye iKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo ifakiwe. Ukudityaniswa kweGit kubandakanyiwe kwiinguqulelo zamva nje zabo bobabini abahleli.
• (Ngokuzithandela) Iakhawunti kwiGitHub, GitLab, okanye iAzure DevOps ukuba uya kusebenza kunye nogcino olukude. Akubalulekanga kwindawo yokugcina indawo, kodwa kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukonwabela ungqamaniso kunye nentsebenziswano.

Nje ukuba yonke into ifakiwe, ungaqala ukusebenzisa iGit kwiiprojekthi zakho ukusuka kumhleli ngokwakhe. Sichaza amanyathelo kula macandelo alandelayo.

Ukudala kunye nokudibanisa iindawo zokugcina kwi-Visual Studio

I-Visual Studio yenza kube lula kuwe ukuba wenze yenza indawo yokugcina entsha ukusuka ekuqaleni okanye fanisa leyo ikhoyo. Into yokuqala kukugqiba ukuba ngaba uya kusebenza ekuhlaleni (kwiqela lakho) okanye ukude (iindawo zokugcina ilifu, nokuba yiGitHub, iGitLab, okanye iAzure DevOps).

Uyenza njani indawo yokugcina entsha kwiVisual Studio

1. Vula i-Visual Studio kwaye ukhethe Yenza iprojekthi entsha.
2. Yiya kwimenyu Git kwaye ukhethe Yenza indawo yokugcina iGit.
3. Ibhokisi yencoko yababini iya kuvula apho ungakhetha khona:
   • GitHub njengento ekujoliswe kuyo ekude (eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kwi-Visual Studio 2022 kwaye kamva).
   • Yenza i-DevOps ukuba usebenza kwiindawo zoshishino.
   • Yendawo kuphela ukuba ufuna ukugcina indawo yokugcina kumatshini wakho kuphela.
4. Unokuseta igama, ukubonakala (kawonkewonke, kwangasese okanye kwangaphakathi) kwaye ukhethe itemplate. .gitignore ukuphepha ukufaka iifayile ezingafunwayo.
5. Cofa ku Yenza kwaye utyhale ukwenza indawo yokugcina kwaye, ukuba kufanelekile, layisha iprojekthi efini.

Kwiinguqulelo zangoku zeVisual Studio, inkqubo iyafana ncamashí ekudaleni iindawo zokugcina GitHub okanye iAzure DevOps. Umncedisi uya kwenza njalo Isikhokelo senyathelo ngenyathelo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ungene kwiakhawunti yakho ukuba awukangeni.

Cola indawo yokugcina yangaphandle kwikhompyuter yakho

Ukusebenza neprojekthi esele ikhona kwi-GitHub, i-GitLab, okanye omnye umnikezeli, udinga kuphela Uvimba we-URL:

1. Vula i-Visual Studio kwaye ukhethe Clone repository ukusuka kwimenyu yeGit.
2. Ncamathelisa i-URL yeprojekthi (ungayikopisha kwi ibhodi yokunamathisela ukusuka kwiwebhusayithi yendawo yokugcina, apho iqhosha livela khona ikhowudi o clone).
3. Khetha incwadi eneenkcukacha kwikhompyuter yakho apho ufuna ukugcina khona ukhuphelo lobulali.
4. I-Visual Studio iya kukhuphela wonke umxholo kwaye uyivule ngokuthe ngqo, ilayishe isisombululo esiphambili ukuba iyasibona (.sln).

Ungaphinda uvule iindawo zokugcina ezikhoyo okanye utshintshe phakathi kwazo ngokulula kwimenyu yeGit.

Ukusebenza kunye neendawo zokugcina kwiKhowudi yeVisual Studio

Ukuba uthanda Ikhowudi ye-Visual Studio, inkqubo iyafana kakhulu, nangona ujongano lunobuncinci.

Yenza indawo yokugcina entsha ngeKhowudi yeVisual Studio

Ungaqala indawo yokugcina ngokuthe ngqo kumhleli okanye usebenzisa i kwisigxina indibaniselwano:

1. Vula ifolda yeprojekthi kwiKhowudi yeVS.
2. Yiya kwisithuba Ulawulo lwekhowudi yomthombo (umfanekiso wefolokhwe) kwibar esecaleni esekhohlo.
3. Cofa ku Qala indawo yokugcina. Ifolda iya kwenziwa .git kwiprojekthi yakho.
4. Ungajonga ukuba yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuqhuba ls -la kwi-terminal ukubona ulawulo olufihliweyo .git.

Ukudibanisa iindawo zokugcina kwiKhowudi yeVisual Studio

1. Khetha ukhetho Clone repository (mhlawumbi ukusuka kwibar esecaleni okanye ukusebenzisa Ctrl + Shift + P kunye nokuchwetheza "Git: Clone").
2. Ncamathisela i-URL yeGitHub yakho, iGitLab, iAzure DevOps, okanye nayiphi na enye indawo ekude.
3. Khetha ulawulo lobulali apho ufuna ukufanisa umxholo.
4. IKhowudi ye-VS iya kukubuza ukuba uyafuna na ukuvula incwadi eneenkcukacha ngokuthe ngqo.

Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqalise ngemizuzwana ngayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yoluntu okanye yabucala onokufikelela kuyo.

Ukulawula iiFayile kunye noTshintsho: Umjikelo weGit oyiSiseko

Xa usebenza neGit, ukuhamba okusisiseko kuku yongeza, ulungise, okanye ucime iifayile, irekhodi utshintsho kwi a zibophe kwaye ekugqibeleni Dudula olo tshintsho kwindawo yokugcina ekude ukuba kukho enye. Zombini i-Visual Studio kunye neKhowudi ye-VS zenza lula kwaye ziwubone lo mjikelo, zikusindisa ekubeni ukhumbule imiyalelo.

Iindidi zefayile kwiGit

• Iifayile ezingachazwanga (U): Zongezwe kwifolda yokugcina kodwa iGit ayikazilawuli. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kunye neleta U okanye iqaqambise kwenye indawo kujongano.
• Iifayile ezintsha (A): Yongezwe kwindawo yeqonga, ilungele ukuqinisekiswa.
• Iifayile ezilungisiweyo (M): Sele zikhona kwindawo yokugcina kwaye zitshintshiwe.

Kwiiphaneli zolawulo lwekhowudi yemvelaphi, ungakhetha ukuba zeziphi iifayile ozakongeza kwisibophelelo esilandelayo, jonga umahluko (ukwahlukana) phakathi kweenguqulelo, kwaye uhlehlise utshintsho ukuba luyimfuneko.

Ungazibophelela njani kwaye utyhale kwi-Visual Studio

1. Yenza utshintsho olufunekayo kwiifayile.
2. Vula ifestile ye Iinguqu zeGit ukusuka kwicala okanye kwimenyu ephezulu.
3. Khetha iifayile ofuna ukuzongeza kwisivumelwano usebenzisa iqhosha elithi "+" okanye ucofe ekunene.
4. Bhala umyalezo ochazayo wokuzibophelela.
5. Cofa ku Qinisekisa ukugcina ekuhlaleni.
6. Xa unezibophelelo ezininzi okanye ufuna ukuvumelanisa utshintsho lwakho nendawo yokugcina ekude, cofa Dudula o Vumelanisa.

KwiKhowudi ye-VS, inkqubo ifana kakhulu ukusuka kwicandelo Ulawulo loMthombo. Ungasebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane ezifana Ctrl + Ngena ukuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukucofa ii-icon "yeqonga", zibophelele kwaye utyhale.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwiKhowudi ye-Visual Studio

Ikhowudi ye-VS isebenzisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo kumda wekhowudi ukubonisa ubume bemigca:

• Imivalo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: imigca elungisiweyo ukusukela kwisiboniso sokugqibela.
• Imivalo eluhlaza: imigca yongezwa.
• Oonxantathu ababomvu okanye amanqaku: imigca icinyiwe.

Ukongeza, unokucofa kabini kuyo nayiphi na ifayile elungisiweyo ukuze ubone i imbono eyahlukileyo kuthelekisa inguqulelo yangoku kunye neyangaphambili.

Ulawulo lwesebe kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi ngentsebenziswano

Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zeGit yile inkqubo yamasebe enamandla, ekuvumela ukuba usebenze kwimigca eyahlukeneyo yophuhliso ngaphandle kokunyathela utshintsho. Zombini iVisual Studio kunye neKhowudi yeVS zibonelela ngeendlela ezilula zokwenza, ukutshintsha, nokulawula amasebe.

Yenza kwaye utshintshe amasebe kwi-Visual Studio

• Ukusuka kwifestile ye Iinguqu zeGit okanye Uvimba weGit Ungalibona isebe lakho langoku kwaye utshintshe phakathi kwezikhoyo.
• Ukwenza isebe elitsha, chwetheza ngokulula igama, khetha ukuba leliphi isebe ofuna ukulisekela kulo, kwaye ukhethe ukhetho lokutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo. Umyalelo olinganayo uya kuba git checkout -b nombre-rama.
• Ungasekela isebe lakho nakweliphi na elinye isebe (lendawo okanye elikude) kwaye ulawule imbali ukusuka kwimboniselo yesebe.

I-Visual Studio ibonisa isebe elisebenzayo phezulu kwefestile kunye nebar yesimo.

Ulawulo lweSebe kwiKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo

Emazantsi ekhohlo kumhleli uza kubona igama lesebe osebenza kulo. Ngokucofa apho unga:

• Tshintshela kwelinye isebe.
• Yenza isebe elitsha.
• Cima, unike igama ngokutsha, okanye udibanise amasebe asekuhlaleni.

Konke oku kwenziwa ngeemenyu zomxholo nangendlela ebonwayo.

Ungqamaniso, intsebenziswano kunye nezicelo zokudibanisa

Ukusebenza ngoovimba abakude kubandakanya ukugcina ikopi yakho yasekhaya idityanisiwe nenguqulelo "esemthethweni" kwaye, rhoqo, ukusebenzisana njengeqela ukutsala izicelo o dibanisa izicelo, ngokomthengisi.

Tyhala kwaye utsale utshintsho

• Xa usenza a zibophe, utshintsho lugcinwa kuphela kwindawo yakho yokugcina. Umntu kufuneka enze njalo Dudula ukuwahambisa kwindawo ekude.
• Ukuhlaziya indawo yakho yokugcina kunye notshintsho oluvela kwabanye oontanga, sebenzisa Tsala (khuphela kwaye usebenzise izibophelelo ezintsha) okanye kuthatha (zikhuphele nje ngaphandle kokuzisebenzisa).
• I-Visual Studio kunye neKhowudi ye-VS iqulathe amaqhosha anikezelweyo kwezi ntshukumo, yenza ungqamaniso lube lula kakhulu.

Hlanganisa izicelo kunye nezicelo zokutsalwa

• Kumaqonga afana neGitLab okanye iGitHub, utshintsho olukhulu ludityaniswe kwisebe eliphambili kusetyenziswa i Hlanganisa isicelo o Tsala isicelo.
• Unokwenza i-MR ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi yomthengisi emva kokutyhala, ebonisa umthombo kunye namasebe ekusingwa kuwo, isihloko, abahlaziyi, kunye nenkcazo yotshintsho.
• I-Visual Studio kunye neKhowudi ye-VS ikuvumela ukuba uqalise kwaye ulandelele imeko yezi zicelo, nangona ezinye izinto eziqhubela phambili (ezifana nokwabela abahlaziyi okanye ukudibanisa) zihlala zenziwe ngcono kwi-interface yewebhu.

Ukusombulula ingxabano kunye nezixhobo zokuthelekisa

Kuyo nayiphi na intsebenziswano yomsebenzi, kuqhelekile ukudibana iingxabano zokudibanisa. Zenzeka xa abaphuhlisi ababini belungisa imigca efanayo kwaye iGit ayinakugqiba ukuba yeyiphi emayikhethe. Zombini iVisual Studio kunye neKhowudi yeVS zenza kube lula kakhulu ukufumanisa nokusombulula ezi ngxabano.

Uzifumana njani kwaye uzisombulule njani iingxabano kwiVisual Studio

• Xa kukho ungquzulwano, I-Visual Studio ibonisa ngokucacileyo oku kwiGit Repository yefestile nakwicandelo lotshintsho.
• Xa uvula ifayile ephikisanayo, uya kubona iithegi ezifana <<<<<<< HEAD ... ======= ... >>>>>>> rama, kodwa i-Visual Studio ibonisa ibha yolwazi lwegolide phezulu ekuvumela ukuba ufikelele kwi- umhleli wokudibanisa okubonakalayo.
• Lo mhleli ngu ntathu: Unokuthelekisa utshintsho lwangoku, utshintsho olungenayo, kunye nesiphumo sokudibanisa sokugqibela, ukukhetha ngokulula ukuba zeziphi iinguqu ozigcinayo.
• Xa ugqibile, qinisekisa nje isiphumo ukugqiba isisombululo.

IKhowudi ye-Visual Studio, nangona isisiseko ngakumbi ngokungagqibekanga, ikwavumela ukusonjululwa kwengxabano ebonakalayo kwaye inokwandisa iinketho zayo ngokusebenzisa izandiso.

Ulungelelwaniso lweGit oluPhezulu kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kwisitudiyo esibonakalayo

Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ulawulo lwenguqulelo ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, zombini iVisual Studio kunye neKhowudi yeVS zikuvumela ukuba wenze njalo lungisa iiparamitha zeGit ukuziqhelanisa nokuhamba kwakho kunye neemfuno ezithile.

Olona khetho lubalulekileyo loqwalaselo

• Igama kunye ne-imeyile: Unokuziseta kwihlabathi jikelele okanye kwiprojekthi nganye kwimenyu ye-Git, kwaye ziya kuba zizo ezivela kwisibophelelo ngasinye.
• Ukulawula amasebe akude: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubenokhetho lokucima amasebe aphelelwe lixesha anikwe amandla xa ulanda (fetch.prune (ngeNyaniso).
• Dibanisa uMgaqo-nkqubo (Sisekwe kwakhona/Dibanisa): Unokukhetha ukuba amasebe adityanisiwe kusetyenziswa ukudityaniswa kwemveli okanye ukusekwa kwakhona, kwihlabathi jikelele nakwindawo yokugcina.
• Umboneleli wenethiwekhi yeCryptographic: Unokukhetha phakathi kwe-OpenSSL kunye ne-Windows Secure Channel (i-SChannel) ukulawula izatifikethi kunye noqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo.
• Umphathi weNgcaciso: Unokukhetha phakathi kweGCM yeWindows, iGCM Core, okanye ushiye useto olungagqibekanga.
• Thelekisa kwaye udibanise izixhobo: Ungasebenzisa i-Visual Studio njengomlinganiso ongagqibekanga / ukudibanisa okanye uchaze eyangaphandle.
• .gitignore kunye ne-gitattributes: Zombini iifayile zinokuhlelwa ngokulula ukusuka kwiinketho eziphambili zokulawula ukuba zeziphi iifayile ezilayishwayo kunye nendlela iimpawu ezithile eziphathwa ngayo.

I-Visual Studio ikwabonelela ngolungelelwaniso oluthile olunje:

• Indawo ehlala ikho yogcino olutyhidiweyo.
• Iinketho ekuvaleni izisombululo ezivulekileyo xa uvula enye indawo yokugcina.
• Ukulayishwa okuzenzekelayo kwesisombululo ukuba kukho enye kuphela kwindawo yokugcina.
• Vumela utsalo lwesebe oluzenzekelayo ngokucofa kabini.
• Khuphela imifanekiso yababhali ukusuka eGravatar (ukubona iifoto kwimbali).
• Vumela ukutyhala nge--force-with-lease ukubhala ngaphezulu ngokukhuselekileyo utshintsho.