Uludwelisa njani lonke ujongano lwenethiwekhi kwiCMD

CMD, okanye i Ukuyalela ngokukhawuleza, yiconsole yomyalelo ngaphakathi imo yokubhaliweyo evumela ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza kunye neekhompyuter eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Ngokungafaniyo nojongano lwegraphical, imiyalelo ephunyeziweyo kunikezelo lweCMD ulawulo olukhulu kunye neenkcukacha, ebonakala iluncedo kakhulu kubo bobabini abasebenzisi abaphambili kunye nabo bafuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga noyilo lwenethiwekhi yeWindows. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokulawula ulungelelwaniso oluphambili, unokuqhagamshelana Uyisebenzisa njani iNetsh kwiWindows 11.

Ukufikelela kwi-CMD kulula kakhulu: khangela nje "cmd" kwimenyu yokuqalisa okanye ucinezele indibaniselwano Windows + R kwaye ubhale cmd. Xa sele ungaphakathi, uya kuba nokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwemiyalelo ekuvumelayo Jonga, uxilonga, kwaye ulungise useto lwenethiwekhi ukusuka kwikhompyuter yakho okanye kwezinye iikhompyuter kwinethiwekhi.

Umyalelo ophambili: ipconfig

Umyalelo ipconfig sisiqalo sokuphonononga uqwalaselo lwe-IP yazo zonke iindibano zenethiwekhi. Ukuba uyafuna Uluhlu ngokukhawuleza lonke ujongano lwenethiwekhi kwiCMD kwaye ubone ukuba ayasebenza na, baleka ngokulula:

ipconfig

Imveliso yalo myalelo ibonisa zonke iiadaptha zenethiwekhi efakwe (i-Ethernet, i-Wi-Fi, i-virtual, njl.) kunye needilesi zabo ze-IP ezabelwe, imaski ye-subnet, isango, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha eziphambili. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, kuquka idilesi IMAC, ukuba une-DHCP esebenzayo, inkcazo yojongano kunye nokunye:

ipconfig / yonke

Ukongeza, ipconfig ivumela imisebenzi efana nale:

• ipconfig / ukukhululwa -Ikhupha idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe ngumncedisi weDHCP.
• ipconfig / vuselela – Hlaziya idilesi ye-IP kwi-DHCP.
• ipconfig / flushdns -Icoca i-cache ye-DNS, iluncedo ekusombululeni imiba yokukhangela.

Unako kwakhona ukuhluza imveliso ngokohlobo lwedatha, umzekelo, ukubona kuphela iidilesi ze-IPv4:

ipconfig | fumana "IPv4"

Okanye ukufumana kuphela iinkcazo zeadaptha:

ipconfig / zonke | fumana "Inkcazelo"

Ezi fomati zikuvumela ukuba ufumane ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olufunayo, ngakumbi kwiikhompyuter ezinojongano oluninzi okanye iiadaptha ezibonakalayo.

Dwelisa ujongano oluphambili kunye nobume nge netsh

ukuba dwelisa lonke ujongano lwenethiwekhi olukhoyo kwaye ujonge imeko yayo yangoku (yenziwe, iqhagamshelwe, iqhawulwe), owona myalelo ugqibeleleyo ngulo:

ujongano lwe-netsh bonisa ujongano

Ulwazi luboniswa kwiikholamu ezinesimo solawulo, isimo soqhagamshelwano, uhlobo lojongano, kunye negama lojongano olunobuhlobo (njengelithi "Ethernet," "Wi-Fi," njl.). Lo myalelo uluncedo kakhulu ekuboneni xa ujonga nje ujongano oludityanisiweyo. yenziwe yasebenza, ivaliwe, okanye iqhawulwe, kwaye sisiseko solungelelwaniso olongezelelweyo. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokulawula kunye nokuguqula ulungelelwaniso lwenethiwekhi, unokuphinda ujonge Useta njani umshicileli wakho ongagqibekanga Windows 11.

I-Netsh ikwanceda qamba ngokutsha ujongano, yenza okanye uzenze zingasebenzi, kwaye uzinike i-IP ngesandla:

ujongano lwe netsh lusete ujongano "Igama Elidala" newname="Igama Elitsha" ujongano lwe netsh iseti ujongano olusete ujonganoIgama elitsha vumela ujongano lwe netsh ipv4 iseti idilesi "Igama Elitsha" engagungqiyo XXXX GatewayMask

Umxholo wojongano lwe netsh ikuvumela ukuba uhambe phakathi kweenketho ukwenza ujongano ngalunye lube ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ulucima njani uqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo kwiinethiwekhi ezaziwayo ze-Wi-Fi ngaphakathi Windows 11

Ukujongwa ngokweenkcukacha nge-netstat kunye nemiyalelo enxulumeneyo

El umyalelo we-netstat sesinye isixhobo esiphambili sokubeka iliso kuthungelwano. Nangona i-netstat idume ngokubonisa imidibaniso evulekileyo kunye namazibuko, ungajonga kwakhona i ubume bojongano lwenethiwekhi kunye nokuhamba kwabo. Umzekelo:

netstat -i

Oku kuya kubonisa izibalo zojongano, njengenani leepakethi ezifunyenweyo nezithunyelweyo, iimpazamo, kunye nokungqubana. Ilungele ukubhaqwa iingxaki ze hardware okanye ukulayisha ngaphezulu ujongano oluthile. Ukujonga iinketho ezingaphezulu, ungajongana .

Ezinye izinto eziluncedo ze-netstat:

• netstat -e -s -Amanani e-Ethernet kunye nazo zonke iiprothokholi.
• netstat -s -p tcp udp – Iinkcukacha-manani ze-TCP/UDP kuphela.

Uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lwenethiwekhi kunye nemiyalelo yokuxilonga

Imiyalelo emininzi ikuvumela ukuba ujonge uqhagamshelo, isisombululo se-DNS, iitafile zendlela, kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo, ezinje:

• ping: Ijonga i-latency kunye noqhagamshelo kunye nezinye iinginginya, kukuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise iipakethi kunye nokuphuma kwexesha.
• itracert: Ibonisa umendo weepakethi ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iluncedo ekukhangeleni apho uxhulumaniso lophukile khona.
• indlela: Idibanisa i-tracert kunye nokulahleka kwepakethi kunye nezibalo ze-latency kwi-hop nganye.
• nsokuokup: Isombulula amagama wesizinda kwi-IP, isitshixo se-DNS diagnostics.
• i-arp -a: Udwelisa indawo efihlakeleyo yeedilesi ze-MAC ezinxulumene needilesi ze-IP kumsebenzi womnatha wendawo.
• fumacube: Ibonelela ngeedilesi ze-MAC zazo zonke iindawo zojongano, ngokhetho lwefomati yemveliso.
• nbtstat: Ibonelela ngezibalo kwi-NetBIOS kunye noqhagamshelwano olunxulumeneyo.
• ushicilelo lwendlela: Ibonisa itafile yendlela, ebonisa ukuba iindawo zokufikela zidlula njani kujongano.

Umyalelo ngamnye unokudityaniswa okanye uhluzwe nge fumana ukuququzelela ukuxilongwa kunye nokwenza ngcono. Ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, kunokuba luncedo ukudibana Uyilawula njani i-boot ezimbini kwiWindows kunye neLinux.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uzitshintsha njani izandi zenkqubo engagqibekanga Windows 11

Ulawulo oluPhezulu kunye noLungiselelo: iNetsh kubunzulu

I-Netsh (i-Network Shell) Iququzelela ulawulo olupheleleyo lokucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi, ikuvumela ukuba udwelise, uguqule, ulungise, kwaye uzenzele imisebenzi. Iimpawu zayo ziquka:

• Seta kwakhona isitaki se-TCP/IP nge

  netsh int ip Ukusetha kwakhona

  ukusombulula iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano.

• Fumana iinkangeleko ze-Wi-Fi, amagama ayimfihlo, kwaye ulungise iisetingi ezithile.
• Qwalasela iiseva ze-DNS kwimo yesandla okanye eguqukayo.
• Yenza imisebenzi usebenzisa izikripthi ukugcina ngokulula okanye ukuphindaphinda ulungelelwaniso.

I-Mastering netsh ibalulekile ekulawuleni uthungelwano ngobuchwephesha, kuba iyabonelela iintlobo ngeentlobo zemiyalelo engaphantsi ukulawula imiba efana nefirewall, ujongano, iDHCP, IPsec nokunye.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo kwiWindows: yintoni na kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo kwinethiwekhi

Eminye imiyalelo eluncedo kulawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nokubeka iliso

Kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo ezincedisa ulawulo kunye nokuxilongwa kwi-CMD, njenge:

• igama lomkhosi: Ibuyisela igama lekhompyuter, iluncedo kuthungelwano olunezixhobo ezininzi.
• Ukusetyenziswa komnatha: Qhagamshela, yabela, okanye ususe izixhobo ekwabelwana ngazo kwinethiwekhi.
• uxanduva lomsebenzi o Cima: Ilawula iinkqubo kwaye iqalise kwakhona, iluncedo kwindawo ekude okanye yeshishini.
• telnet / ssh /ftp: Izixhobo zokufikelela kude kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olukhulu.

Le miyalelo inokusetyenziswa kunye okanye kwizikripthi ukwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kwaye ugcine inethiwekhi yakho isebenza kakuhle. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzivavanye kwindawo elawulwayo phambi kokuba uzisebenzise kwimveliso.

Imiba esebenzayo kunye neengcebiso zokusebenzisa i-CMD kuthungelwano

Ukusebenza kwiCMD kunokubonakala kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa kuyabonelela isantya, ulawulo kunye nokuchanekaEzinye izindululo zokufumana okuninzi kuzo zezi:

• Uvavanyo kwiindawo ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokufaka utshintsho kwisixhobo sokuqala.
• Sebenzisa uncedo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokongeza /? o Nceda ekupheleni kwemiyalelo ukuhlola zonke iinketho.
• Dibanisa imiyalelo ngemibhobho (|) kunye nezihluzi ukuhlalutya imithamo emikhulu yedatha, umzekelo, ipconfig / zonke | fumana "Ethernet".
• Recuerda que PowerShell Ihambele phambili kakhulu, kodwa iCMD isesisixhobo esisisiseko nesisebenzayo sokulawula uthungelwano.

Ukusetyenziswa kweemeko: Ulwazi lokubuza kwi-interface ethile

Ukufumana iinkcukacha malunga nojongano oluthile, olufana ne-Wi-Fi okanye uqhagamshelo lweengcingo, ungahluza iziphumo zomyalelo. ipconfig okanye sebenzisa i-netsh ukubuza olo jongano oluthile:

ipconfig | fumana "I-Interface Name"

Okanye, kwi-Netsh, jonga kwaye ubuze ujongano oluhambelanayo ngamnye, uququzelele uhlalutyo kwizixhobo ezithile ngaphandle kokuphonononga uluhlu olude. Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo ukuphonononga indlela yokulawula inethiwekhi ekwabelwana ngayo izixhobo, apho sincoma ukubonisana Uzabelana njani ngeefayile kwinethiwekhi yendawo Windows 11.

Ukulungisa imiba yojongano lwenethiwekhi eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiCMD

Ukuxilonga kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zenethiwekhi eziqhelekileyo, le miyalelo ibalulekile:

• Ukulahleka koqhagamshelwano emva kotshintsho lwenethiwekhi: Phumeza ipconfig / ukukhululwa nangemva ipconfig / vuselela ukuze ikhompyuter ifumane i-IP entsha.
• Impazamo yesisombululo se-DNS: Coca i-cache ye-DNS nge ipconfig / flushdns.
• Ukuzaliswa kwe-interface okanye ukusilela: Sebenzisa netstat -i y ujongano lwe-netsh bonisa ujongano ukubona iimpazamo okanye ukulayisha ngaphezulu.

Ngale miyalelo unokusombulula okanye uchonge unobangela wezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kwiinethiwekhi zeWindows.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ungabelana njani ngeefayile kunye neefolda kwinethiwekhi yendawo Windows 11

UIsake

Umbhali onomdla malunga nehlabathi le-bytes kunye netekhnoloji ngokubanzi. Ndiyakuthanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwam ngokubhala, kwaye yile nto ndiza kuyenza kule bhlog, ndikubonise zonke izinto ezinomdla malunga nezixhobo, isoftware, ihardware, iindlela zetekhnoloji, kunye nokunye. Injongo yam kukukunceda uhambe kwihlabathi ledijithali ngendlela elula neyonwabisayo.