Gqibezela isikhokelo sokwenza i-virtualization kwi-BIOS kunye ne-UEFI inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukuba ukhe wafuna ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza kwikhompyuter yakho, uvavanyo lwesoftware kwindawo ekwanti, okanye ufumane okuninzi kwihardware yakho, mhlawumbi uvile umbono. Namhlanje, le teknoloji ayifumaneki kuphela kwiinkampani ezinkulu kunye namaziko edatha, kodwa iyafumaneka nakubani na ngePC yanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze yonke into isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko Yenza i-virtualization isebenze kwi-BIOS okanye kwi-UEFI ukusuka kwikhompyuter yakho, ukhetho oluhlala lukhubaziwe ngokungagqibekanga kwaye lunokungaqatshelwa.

Kweli nqaku sichaza, ngokucacileyo nangemizekelo esebenzayo, Ujongwa njani ukuba i-virtualization iyasebenza, amanyathelo okuyenza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-BIOS/UEFI, kunye neengcebiso ezithile zokufumana okuninzi kwi-Intel kunye ne-AMD ye-virtualization technologies engundoqo. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba unayo ilaptop endala okanye ikhompyuter entsha kraca Windows I-10 okanye i-11: Apha uya kufunda yonke into oyifunayo ukwenza kwaye uqwalasele i-virtualization, kunye nokuba kutheni kubaluleke kakhulu.

Yintoni i-hardware virtualization kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?

La ukwenziwa kwehardware ivumela ikhompyuter enye yomzimba ukuba isebenze ngokungathi ziikhompyuter ezininzi ezizimeleyo ngokusebenzisa oomatshini ababonayo. Isekelwe ekudalweni kwe iindawo ezithe qelele zenyani apho unokusebenzisa iindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo, ezilungele uphuhliso, uvavanyo, ukhuseleko, okanye nokubaleka apps esebenza kuphela kwezinye iinkqubo. Konke oku kufezekiswa ngenxa yecandelo eliphambili: i i-hypervisor, isoftware elawula izixhobo zekhompyuter ize isasazwe phakathi koomatshini benyani, iqinisekisa ukuba ngamnye usebenza ngokungathi yikhompyuter ezimeleyo.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-virtualization yayigcinelwe indawo zeshishini okanye iiseva, kodwa ngenxa yenkqubela phambili ye-Intel kunye ne-AMD processors, ngoku kulula ukuyisebenzisa nasekhaya. Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili ziquka:

• ULungiselelo lwezixhobo: ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise kakhulu i-CPU, imemori kunye ukugcinwa ekhoyo, ukuphepha inkcitho.
• Ukwahlulwa kwemekobume: Kwenzeka ntoni kumatshini wenyani ayichaphazeli yonke inkqubo; ukuba i-VM iyasilela okanye yosuleleka, eyona khompyuter yakho ihlala injalo.
• Ukuzinza: Unokuvavanya iinkqubo, iinkqubo, okanye ulungelelwaniso ngaphandle koloyiko, kuba unokucima okanye ukubuyisela umatshini wenyani nangaliphi na ixesha.
• Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo: Ilungele ukuvavanya isoftware engaziwayo okanye ukulinganisa uhlaselo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.

Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, i-virtualization isetyenziswa kuwo omabini amashishini kunye namakhaya, ivumela yonke into ukusuka ekulawuleni iiseva ukuya ekudaleni iilebhu zokufunda okanye zophuhliso.

Itekhnoloji yeVirtualization eyenziwe ngumenzi

Kakhulu Intel njengaye AMD Banikezela ngetekhnoloji yobunini ukuququzelela ukwenziwa kwehardware. Nangona iinjongo zazo zombini zifana, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo omele uwuqonde:

Intel VT-x (VMX)

Uninzi lweeprosesa ze-Intel zanamhlanje, ezibandakanya i-Xeon, i-Core i3/i5/i7/i9 uthotho kunye neeprosesa ezithile zePentium kunye neCeleron, zidibanisa itekhnoloji. VT-xEli nqaku livumela oomatshini abanenyani ukuba bafikelele ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo zehardware yomqhubekekisi, ngokungathi ziinkqubo zemveli. Ukusebenza kwe-Virtualization kuyanda kakhulu, ukodlula ukubonwa kwesoftware. Ukongezelela, i-VT-x inokulawula imemori, imizobo, kunye nezixhobo zokufaka / imveliso, ukuququzelela imisebenzi efana nokufuduka koomatshini benyani phakathi koomatshini bomzimba abahlukeneyo, into eluncedo kwiindawo zamashishini kunye namaziko edatha.

AMD-V (Imo ye-SVM)

Iiprosesa ze-AMD ezinenkxaso ye-virtualization ziquka iteknoloji I-AMD-V, kwaziwa njenge I-SVM (Khusela uMatshini weVirtual)Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukwahlula kunye nokwabela izixhobo eziphathekayo kumatshini obonakalayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuhambelana. I-AMD-V idibanisa ngaphandle komthungo kunye nee-hypervisors ezifana ne-Microsoft Hyper-V kwaye ixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lwee-CPU, ukusuka kwiimodeli ze-desktop (i-Ryzen, i-Athlon) ukuya kwiimodeli zobungcali (i-Threadripper, i-EPYC).

Iihypervisors ezinkulu ezixhasa i-hardware virtualization

Iinkqubo ezininzi ezidumileyo zokusebenzisa i-virtualization zixhathisa obu bugcisa ukuze bafezekise a ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo:

• VMware Indawo yokusebenza kunye noMdlali weVMware: Baxhasa i-Intel VT-x kunye ne-AMD-V, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi i-virtualization ikhutshaziwe ngokungagqibekanga kwaye ifuna ukusebenza kwi-BIOS / UEFI.
• Oracle VirtualBox: Iyahambelana neetekhnoloji zombini, inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwaye isimahla ngokupheleleyo.
• Microsoft Hyper-V: Ibandakanyiwe kwi-Windows 10/11 Pro kunye neShishini, isebenzisa i-VT-x okanye i-AMD-V ngokuxhomekeke kwiprosesa. Kwiinguqulelo zaseKhaya, inokuthi yenziwe ngokusebenzisa ezinye iisetingi eziphambili.
• I-KVM kunye ne-Xen: isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi Linux, ukuthatha ithuba le-hardware ye-virtualization kwiinguqulelo zekernel zakutsha nje.
• Ezingqameneyo: ethandwa kakhulu kwi IMac, ixhasa i-Intel VT-x kwaye yenza kube lula ukuqhuba iiWindows kunye nezinye iinkqubo kwiikhompyuter ze-Apple.

Wazi njani ukuba ikhomputha yakho iyayixhasa kwaye yenziwe yasebenza?

Phambi koqwalaselo kwi-BIOS okanye kwi-UEFI, luluvo oluhle ukujonga ukuba iprosesa yakho iyakuxhasa ukubonwa kwaye ukuba yenziwe:

• KwiWindows: vula Umlawuli weMisebenzi (Ctrl + Shift + Esc), khetha ithebhu Ukusebenza kunye nokukhangela ICPU. Apho, khangela ukuba iyavela Ukunyanzeliswa. Ukuba ithi VuliweYehova, sewulungile; ukuba ibonisa Yenziwe icinyiwe, kufuneka uyenze kwi-BIOS/UEFI.
• Izixhobo zomenzi: I-Intel kunye ne-AMD zibonelela ngezixhobo zasimahla ukujonga ukuhambelana. Ukusuka kwiiwebhusayithi zabo ezisemthethweni, unokukhuphela kwaye usebenzise ezi zixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-VT-x okanye i-AMD-V ukhetho lukhona kwaye luyasebenza. Ukuqonda ngcono indlela yokwenza i-virtualization evela kwi-BIOS okanye i-UEFI, sincoma ukutyelela yethu Gqibezela isikhokelo sokufikelela useto lwe-UEFI.

Uyenza njani i-virtualization kwi-BIOS yemveli (Phoenix, AMI, njl.)

Kwiikhompyuter ezine-BIOS yakudala, inkqubo ilula kodwa ifuna ingqalelo:

1. Zicime ngokupheleleyo izixhobo.
2. Yivule kwaye ucinezele iqhosha lokufikelela kwi-BIOS amaxesha amaninzi; ngokwesiqhelo Cima, F2, Esc, okanye kwezinye iimeko F10 o F12.
3. Ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS, jonga usebenzisa izitshixo zotolo de ufumane iimenyu ezinje Advanced, Uqwalaselo lwenkqubo o Iimpawu zeCPU.
4. Khangela ukhetho Itekhnoloji yokuSebenzisa ngokuNobuchule, VT-x, AMD SVM o ITeknoloji yoKhenketho.
5. Ukuba ibonakala ngaphakathi Abakhubazekileyo, yitshintshe ibe Kunikwe usebenzisa u-Enter okanye u-+ kunye- nezitshixo.
6. Gcina utshintsho nge F10 kwaye uqale phantsi.

Kwezinye iikhompyuter, igama linokwahluka kancinci okanye ukhetho lunokufihlwa. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, jonga amaxwebhu athile ebhodi yakho okanye undwendwele icandelo lethu elizinikeleyo. Ungazi njani ukuba i-CPU yakho iyahambelana ne-virtualization.

Uyenza njani i-virtualization kwi-BIOS UEFI (ujongano lomzobo)

Iinkqubo zanamhlanje ezine-BIOS yomzobo okanye i-UEFI zenza kube lula ukufikelela kunye nokuqwalasela:

• Ukusuka Windows 10/11, cofa kwaye ubambe isitshixo ukutshintsha kwaye ukhethe Qalisa kwakhona Ukufikelela kwiinketho eziphezulu, uze ukhethe Ingxaki > Iinketho eziphambili > Useto lwe-UEFI firmware, kwaye ekugqibeleni Qalisa kwakhona.
• Emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, faka i-UEFI kwaye uhambe uye kwimenyu Advanced, Izicwangciso zeCPU okanye ezifanayo.
• Khangela ukhetho Itekhnoloji yokuSebenzisa ngokuNobuchule o Imowudi ye-AMD ye-SVM kwaye uyitshintshe ku Kunikwe.
• Gcina utshintsho kwaye uqalise kwakhona kwimenyu ye-UEFI.

Amagama anokwahluka ngokomvelisi, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuchonga amagama angundoqo afana ne-'Virtualization', 'VT-x', 'SVM' okanye 'Virtualization Technology'.

Yenza i-Hyper-V isebenze kunye neQonga loMatshini elibonakalayo kwiWindows

Kwi-Windows, ukongeza ekwenzeni i-virtualization kwi-BIOS/UEFI, unokufuna ukunika amandla ezinye iimpawu zenkqubo yokusebenza, njenge I-Hyper-V okanye Iqonga lomatshini obonakalayo:

1. Isuka kwi Iphaneli yokulawula okanye uphendlo lweWindows, yiya ku Iimpawu zeWindows.
2. Ibhanti I-Hyper-V y Iqonga lomatshini obonakalayo.
3. Pulsa ukwamukela kwaye uvumele iWindows ifake izinto eziyimfuneko.
4. Qalisa kwakhona ukuze ufake utshintsho.

Oku kubalulekile ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-Hyper-V okanye ufuna ukuhambelana nezinye iinkqubo zokubona ezifuna umaleko wenkqubo yokusebenza.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo

• Ukuba umatshini wenyani awusebenzi ngokuchanekileyo emva kokwenza usetyenziso lwenyani, khangela ukuba akukho teknoloji iwuvalileyo, njenge-VT-d, iimpawu zokhuseleko (Secure Boot), okanye i-antivirus enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.
• Kwezinye IipopuIsitshixo sinokuba kwinqanaba le-BIOS/UEFI kwaye sifuna uhlaziyo lwe-firmware. Qhagamshelana newebhusayithi yomenzi ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo.
• Khumbula ukugcina ngononophelo utshintsho kwi-BIOS/UEFI ukunqanda iimpazamo kwi iboot emva kokuguqula uqwalaselo.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ukhetho kwi-BIOS yakho, jonga kwikhompyuter yakho okanye kuxwebhu lwebhodi yomama, njengoko amagama kunye neendawo zinokwahluka.

Nje ukuba uqonde ukuba isebenza njani i-virtualization kunye nendlela yokuyenza isebenze, unokuwasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla ekhompyuter yakho ukuze ulawule oomatshini benyani ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Kulawulo oluphambili lomatshini lwenyani, usenokuba nomdla wokufunda malunga Ukudala nokusebenzisa iindawo zokukhangela kwi-Hyper-VNangona amanyathelo afana kwiibhodi zoomama ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, amagama emenyu anokwahluka. Ungathandabuzi ukudibana newebhusayithi yomenzi ukuba ufuna uncedo oluthile okanye ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kweCPU yakho.

UIsake

Umbhali onomdla malunga nehlabathi le-bytes kunye netekhnoloji ngokubanzi. Ndiyakuthanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwam ngokubhala, kwaye yile nto ndiza kuyenza kule bhlog, ndikubonise zonke izinto ezinomdla malunga nezixhobo, isoftware, ihardware, iindlela zetekhnoloji, kunye nokunye. Injongo yam kukukunceda uhambe kwihlabathi ledijithali ngendlela elula neyonwabisayo.