Hel-ComputerInfo vs. SystemInfo: Farqiga Dhabta ah, Isticmaalka, iyo Khiyaamooyinka

Isbarbardhigga Get-ComputerInfo iyo systeminfo.exe waa weydiin soo noqnoqota ka mid ah maamulayaasha raadinaya habka ugu hufan uguna "nadiif" ee qalabka alaabada Windows. Inkasta oo labaduba ay soo celiyaan macluumaadka nidaamka, Isku si uma dhaqmaan, isku midna ma sameeyaan, mana bixiyaan wax soo saar la mid ah., kaas oo saamayn toos ah ku leh iswada, warbixinta iyo fulinta fog.

Maqaalkan waxaad ka heli doontaa hage dhammaystiran kaas oo isku dara dhaqamada dhabta ah, nuucyada waxqabadka, tabaha oo leh dhuumaha PowerShell iyo faahfaahin yar oo cad sida Helitaanka madaxyada systeminfo ama sababta -Get-ComputerInfo hantida waxay soo celisaa walxaha Xitaa markaad codsato hal goob. Wax walba waxaa lagu sharraxay Isbaanishka, oo leh tusaalooyin cad iyo xalal khaladaad caadi ah marka la ordayo kombuyuutarrada fogfog.

Waa maxay systeminfo.exe

systeminfo.exe waa utility-line caadiga ah amarada si loo profile-ka kombiyuutarka Windows. Waxa laga heli karaa noocyadii hore (Windows XP Professional) ilaa Windows 11, waxayna ku taal %windir%\system32\systeminfo.exe (iyo nidaamyada 64-bit sidoo kale) %windir%SysWOW64\systeminfo.exe). Wuxuu muujiyaa habaynta nidaamka hawlgalka, macluumaadka amniga, aqoonsiga alaabta, iyo sifooyinka hardware sida RAM, meel disk ama kaararka network.

Faa'iidada weyni waa meel kasta oo ay joogto: Waxay ku jirtaa ku dhawaad nidaamka hawlgalka Windows kasta. Laakiin waxay leedahay hal xaddid oo weyn: meesha laga baxo ayaa ku taalTani waxay ka dhigan tahay in magacyada hantida sida "Xusuusta Jirka ee La heli karo" ee Ingiriisidu ay si kala duwan ugu muuqan karaan luqadaha kale, adkeynaya otomatiga ee ku tiirsan madaxyadaas.

In kasta oo ay tahay qalab "duq" ah, haddana si la yaab leh ayay u dabacsan tahay: Waxay ku taageertaa qaababka wax soo saarka ee furaha /FO (Shaxda, Liiska, CSV) iyo waxay la tashan karaan kombiyuutarada fogfog isticmaalka /S kooxda, /U isticmaalaha iyo /P sirta ah. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa mid faa'iido u leh alaabada degdega ah marka aadan rabin inaad dejiso fadhiyada PowerShell fog.

Waa maxay Get-ComputerInfo

Get-ComputerInfo waa cmdlet ku dhex dhisan ilaa Windows PowerShell 5.1 (oo laga heli karo Windows 10 iyo Windows Server 2016) taas isku-darka nidaamka iyo sifooyinka OS ee hal shay. Ma laga heli karo kaliya Windows oo soo celisa tusaalooyinka nooca ah Microsoft.PowerShell.Management.ComputerInfo iyadoo boqolaal hanti ah lagu taxay.

Faa'iidada ugu weyni waa in wax-soo-saarku uu yahay mid ku jihaysan walxaha laga bilaabo daqiiqadda ugu horreysa.: uma baahnid in aad kala saarto qoraalka. Waxaad u marin kartaa dhuumaha, qaab, sifee oo si dabiici ah ugu dhoofiya cmdlets sida Xulo-Ujeedo, Qaab-Liiska, Kala soocida-shay o Dhoofinta-Csv. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku jirta hagahan.

Halbeegga Hantida waxa ay aqbashaa xargaha kala duwan (String[]) waxayna taageertaa calaamadaha duurjoogta ah. Tani waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad doorato qaybo gaar ah oo guryaha ah (tusaale, dhammaan guryaha la xiriira BIOS con *BIOS*) ama liis yar sida OSName, TimeZone, OSProductType. Muhiim: Magaca Get-ComputerInfo waa gin, haddii ay dhacdo inaad la kulanto qoraallo gaagaaban.

Kala duwanaanshaha muhiimka ah iyo goorta la isticmaalo mid kasta

Wax soo saarka iyo nooca xogta: systeminfo.exe soo saarta texting (inkasta oo ay noqon karto CSV), taas oo u baahan u beddelashada walxaha si ay ugu raaxaystaan ​​PowerShell; Get-ComputerInfo ayaa soo celisa walxo qani ah diyaar u ah dhuumaha. Ilahani waxa uu caawiyaa in si fiican loo fahmo habka.

Waxqabadka: Ilo wareedyo ayaa isku raacay Get-ComputerInfo waa mid gaabis ah. Weydiiso hanti yar oo leh -Hanti Uma turjumayso horumar la taaban karo, maadaama ay ururiso inta badan macluumaadka si kastaba. Systeminfo.exe inta badan waa quruxsan dhakhso, gaar ahaan CSV.

Meel fog: systeminfo.exe waxay bixisaa /S, /U,/P weydiimaha fog; Hel-ComputerInfo ma laha -ComputerName ama -CimSession, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho Talo-qaadasho ama fadhiyada fog ee PowerShell (WinRM). Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, booqo hagahan.

systeminfo.exe ee dhuumaha: laga bilaabo qoraalka ilaa walxaha

Habka ugu macquulsan ee loo isticmaalo systeminfo gudaha PowerShell waa in la codsado CSV oo loo beddelo walxo leh Ka beddelo-Csv. Sidan, waxaad dooran kartaa oo aad ku shaqayn kartaa guryaha adiga oo aan lahayn regex ama dalagga gacanta.

$objetos = systeminfo.exe /FO CSV | ConvertFrom-Csv
$objetos.'Available Physical Memory'

Dhibaatada ugu weyni waa madaxyadaLuqadaha kale, alaabtu way ka duwanaan doontaa, taas oo jebisa qoraallada. Si taas looga fogaado, wuxuu caadi ka dhigaa madaxyada kuna beddel magacyo sugan oo sugan.

$headers = 1..30 | ForEach-Object { "Property$_" }
$objetos = systeminfo.exe /FO CSV |
  Select-Object -Skip 1 |
  ConvertFrom-Csv -Header $headers

$objetos.Property23

Doorasho ka sii qurux badan waa in aad qeexdo magacyada tiirarkaaga bilawga. Tusaale ahaan, khariidad dhammaan tiirarka leh magacyo cad sida Magaca martida, OSName, OSVersion, TotalPhysicalMemory, IWM

$headers = 'HostName','OSName','OSVersion','OSManufacturer','OSConfiguration','OSBuildType',
  'RegisteredOwner','RegisteredOrganization','ProductID','OriginalInstallDate','SystemBootTime',
  'SystemManufacturer','SystemModel','SystemType','Processors','BIOSVersion','WindowsDirectory',
  'SystemDirectory','BootDevice','SystemLocale','InputLocale','TimeZone','TotalPhysicalMemory',
  'AvailablePhysicalMemory','VirtualMemoryMaxSize','VirtualMemoryAvailable','VirtualMemoryInUse',
  'PageFileLocations','Domain','LogonServer','Hotfix','NetworkCard','HyperVRequirements'

$objetos = systeminfo.exe /FO CSV |
  Select-Object -Skip 1 |
  ConvertFrom-Csv -Header $headers

$objetos.ProductID

Habkani wuxuu meesha ka saarayaa arrimaha luqadda wuxuuna ka dhigayaa dhuumahaaga mid aad u adag.. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad u dhoofin kartaa CSV, JSON, ama waxaad isticmaali kartaa hanti kasta iyada oo aan mugdi ku jirin.

Get-ComputerInfo: Doorashada Guryaha iyo Qaabaynta

Faahfaahin dad badan jahawareerinaysa waa taas, marka la codsanayo hal hanti oo leh -Hanti, cmdlet ayaa soo noqonaysa shay leh hantidaas, maaha qiimaha "bare". Sababta ayaa ah heshiiska: -Hantidu waa Xarig[], waxaana loo qaabeeyey si, iyadoo leh dhowr guri, aad ka hesho shay iyaga wata. Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, eeg maqaalkan.

$info = Get-ComputerInfo -Property OSName, TimeZone, OSProductType
Write-Output $info

# En formato lista
$info | Format-List

Haddii aad rabto kaliya qiimaha hantida, waa inaad soo saartaa xubinta, tusaale ahaan, (Get-ComputerInfo).OSName, ama isticmaal Dooro-Wax-Balaadhin Hanti. Laakin taas xasuuso Weydiinta hanti yar si weyn uma dedejinayso hawsha.

Weydiimaha kaararka duurjoogta ah: BIOS iyo in ka badan

Get-ComputerInfo aad bay faa'iido u leedahay in lagu shaandheeyo qaabab. Tusaale ahaan, si aad u aragto wax kasta oo la xiriira BIOS, isticmaal -Hanti *BIOS* oo loo qaabeeyey liis si loo caddeeyo.

Get-ComputerInfo -Property *BIOS* | Format-List

Waxa kale oo lagu dari karaa Wicitaan-Command si aad meel fog u waydiiso qayb-hoosaadyo oo aad ku shubto natiijooyinka CSV ama console-ka qaabaysan.

Waxqabadka iyo dhaqamada wanaagsan

Get-ComputerInfo waxay soo bandhigtaa waxyaabo badan laakiin maaha kan ugu dhakhsaha badan. Ilo wareedyo ayaa isku raacay Laguma talinayo in loogu yeedho marar badan guryaha kala duwan.: waxay ka dhigan tahay ku celcelinta shaqada. Way fiicantahay in la soo celiyo shayga dhamaystiran. hal mar uun y dooro guryaha ka dibWixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, hubi maqaalkan.

ysteminfo.exe aad buu ugu hufan yahay CSV iyo, isku darka Ka beddelo-Csv iyo madax-dhaqameedyada gaarka ah, waxay saldhig u noqon karaan warbixinta degdega ah ee jawiyo kala duwan, halkaas oo fogaynta PowerShell aan had iyo jeer la shaqayn.

Fulin Fog: Hababka iyo Tusaalooyinka

Iyadoo systeminfo.exe Waxaad si toos ah u waydiin kartaa kombiyuutarada fogfog adoo isticmaalaya /S (magaca kooxda), /U (user) iyo /P (password). Waxaa faa'iido leh marka WinRM ma habaysan ama waxaad u baahan tahay natiijooyin gaar ah.

systeminfo /S EQUIPO01 /U DOMINIO\usuario /P ContraseñaSegura
# Sin dominio, cuenta local
systeminfo /S EQUIPO01 /U .\Administrador /P ContraseñaSegura

Hel-ComputerInfo, ma jiro halbeeg-ComputerName. Shaqada fog, isticmaal Talo-qaadasho iyo block ah script. Uruurinta waxaa lagu sameeyaa martigeliyaha fog iyo walxaha dhamaystiran waa la soo celiyaa. Si aad u balaadhiso aqoontaada, booqo .

Invoke-Command -ComputerName 'DC1' -ScriptBlock {
  Get-ComputerInfo -Property *BIOS*
}

Tusaalaha wax ku oolka ah ee alaabada hotfix: waanu balaarinay hantidii OSHotFixes, Waxaan ku kala soocaa magaca kooxda oo dhoofin haddii loo baahdo.

Invoke-Command -ComputerName 'DC1','SRV01','Localhost' -ScriptBlock {
  Get-ComputerInfo | Select-Object -ExpandProperty OSHotFixes
} | Sort-Object PSComputerName | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation SRV-Updates.csv

Khaladaadka caadiga ah: aqoonsiga, doorsoomayaasha iyo syntax

1) "Hal ama ka badan oo magac kumbiyuutar ah kuma jiraan" Invoke-Command. Waxay badanaa dhacdaa sababtoo ah gudbi magac aan sax ahayn ama si qaldan u higaadiyay. Xusuusnow: $ CD3160-05 Magac kooxeed maaha ee waa a muujinta kaas oo isku dayaya inuu 05 ka gooyo doorsoome $ CD3160 (oo ay u badan tahay inaanu jirin). Waxay isticmaashaa xigashooyin iyo qoraal dhab ah: -Magaca kombiyuutarka 'CD3160-05'.

# Incorrecto (interpreta variable y resta)
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $CD3160-05 -ScriptBlock { Get-ComputerInfo }

# Correcto (literal)
Invoke-Command -ComputerName 'CD3160-05' -ScriptBlock { Get-ComputerInfo }

2) Xiritaanka xargaha iyo qufulka ScriptBlock. Hubso inaad si sax ah u fur oo xidh {} iskana ilaali in aad isku dhex qasto konsole is dhexgal ah oo ku dhex jira ScriptBlock. Qor tilmaanta lagu fulinayo meel fog, iyada oo aan la haynin "PS C:\>".

3) Si degdeg ah erayga sirta ah marka la isticmaalayo systeminfo/S. Haddi kombayutarka fog aanu la wadaagin macnaha guud ee xaqiijinta, waa inaad sheegtaa /U iyo/P. Koontooyinka deegaanka, isticmaal Isticmaalaha. Haddii uu jiro domain, DOMAIN \ Isticmaalaha. Haddii aadan aqoon domainka, ka hubi kombayutarka deegaanka kimami ama %USERDOMAIN%. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah, arag

4) WinRM iyo siyaasadaha. Amarka-Codsiga, WinRM waa in la furo kombuyuutarku waa inuu aqbalaa isku xirka (firewall iyo TrustedHosts). Orod Fududee-PSRemoting -Force meesha loo socdo oo hubi sharciyada firewall-ka WS-Maareynta (HTTP 5985/HTTPS 5986)Si aad wax badan uga barato, booqo

Sahaminta caawimada rasmiga ah ee Get-ComputerInfo

Isticmaal Hel-Help Hel-ComputerInfo in lagala tashado syntax iyo hantida. Halbeegga -Hanti aqbalo Xarig[], wuxuu taageeraa kaararka duurjoogta ah, oo soo celiyaa shay Macluumaadka Computerka. Waxaad awood u yeelan kartaa tuubooyinka kuwaas oo ah magacyada hantida oo xusuusnow taas kaliya ka shaqeeya Windows.

Get-Help Get-ComputerInfo
# Sintaxis relevante
Get-ComputerInfo  <String[]>] 
# Alias: gin

Si loo baadho dhammaan guryaha la heli karo nidaamkaaga, kanaalka ilaa Hel-XubinGudaha Windows 10, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay waxyaabo badan oo la xiriira BIOS, OS, Hyper-V, iwm.

Get-ComputerInfo | Get-Member | more

Tusaalooyinka waxtarka leh iyo habaynta

Qor dhammaan (laakiin waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u dheer; isticmaal wax badan si aad u qorto):

Get-ComputerInfo | more

Ku shaandhee nooc ahaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo khariidad:

Get-ComputerInfo -Property '*version'

Dooro hanti gaar ah si cadna u soo bandhig:

$info = Get-ComputerInfo -Property OSName, TimeZone, OSProductType
$info | Format-List

Tusaale leh systeminfo + CSV iyo madaxyada gaarka ah natiijooyinka labbiska ee luqadaha kala duwan:

$headers = 'HostName','OSName','OSVersion','OSManufacturer','OSConfiguration','OSBuildType',
  'RegisteredOwner','RegisteredOrganization','ProductID','OriginalInstallDate','SystemBootTime',
  'SystemManufacturer','SystemModel','SystemType','Processors','BIOSVersion','WindowsDirectory',
  'SystemDirectory','BootDevice','SystemLocale','InputLocale','TimeZone','TotalPhysicalMemory',
  'AvailablePhysicalMemory','VirtualMemoryMaxSize','VirtualMemoryAvailable','VirtualMemoryInUse',
  'PageFileLocations','Domain','LogonServer','Hotfix','NetworkCard','HyperVRequirements'

$objetos = systeminfo.exe /FO CSV |
  Select-Object -Skip 1 |
  ConvertFrom-Csv -Header $headers

$objetos | Select-Object HostName, OSName, OSVersion

Waafaqid, goobaha iyo qalabka la xidhiidha

systeminfo.exe waa binary Windows koodna waxaa laga heli karaa mashaariicda sida ReactOS. Meesha caadiga ah ee ay ku taal System32 iyo sysWOW64 nidaamyada x64. Waxay taageertaa qaabka wax soo saarka iyada oo loo marayo /FO (Shaxda, Liiska, CSV). Waxaad sidoo kale la tashan kartaa sida loo cusbooneysiiyo qaybaha caawimada.

Get-ComputerInfo waxaa lagu soo bandhigay PowerShell 5.1, oo daboolaya baahi aan hore u xalinay Hel-WmiObject / Hel-Instance. Qalab kale oo la xidhiidha waa msinfo32.exe, faa'iido u leh ogaanshaha GUI, inkasta oo saaxiibtinimo yar.