Ku hagaaji kaydka iyo cabbirka laynka PowerShell iyo CMD

Markaad la shaqaynayso console-ka Windows, hagaajinta cabbirka shaashadda iyo tirada xariiqyada daaqadda ayaa ka dhigi kara faraqa u dhexeeya fadhiga siman iyo waayo-aragnimada aan loo dulqaadan karin. Intaa waxaa dheer, deegaanada fog ee maamulka (sida gelida taxan ee SAC gudaha mashiinada dalwaddu), Ogaanshaha sida loo gooyo ama loo soo dhaweeyo console-ka oo si sax ah loo daabaco wax soo saarka ayaa muhiim ah si looga fogaado luminta macluumaadka.

Tilmaamahan waxaan kuu sheegayaa, oo leh hab toos ah oo buuxa amarada, sida loo habeeyo wax walba CMD y PowerShell: tan iyo markii kontaroolada naqshadeynta aasaasiga ah iyo midabada, iyada oo loo marayo amarrada MODE iyo COLOR, si loogu adkaysto iyada oo loo marayo Diiwaanka, hagaajinta konsole ee Windows 10 oo u isticmaal baahida xaaladaha sida Azure VM oo leh SACWaxa kale oo aad arki doontaa waxa Windows Console API ee cabbirka buffers/daaqadaha ay dhan tahay iyo sida ay dhammaantood ugu habboon yihiin Windows. terminal.

Waa maxay muraayadda daboolaysa iyo sida ay ula xidhiidho daaqadda

Shaashadu waa shabagyada unugyada dabeecadda (ballaadhka x dhererka) oo konsole kastaa wuxuu leeyahay daaqad xidhiidhsan oo muujisa qayb leydi ah oo kaydkaas ah. daaqada kama dhaafi karto cabbirrada kaydka ama waxa shaashadu u ogolaato iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirka farta. Sidaa darteed, haddii daaqadu ka weyn tahay kaydiyaha, hawlgallada qaarkood way fashilmi doonaan.

Hawlaha Windows API waxay kaa caawinayaan inaad fahanto oo aad hagaajiso xuduudahan: HelConsoleScreenBufferInfo soo celisa cabbirka baska, booska daaqada iyo cabbirka ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee la siiyay kaydka/ isha/shaashada, halka HelLargestConsoleWindowSize xisaabiyaa daaqada ugu badan isagoo iska indhatiraya cabbirka baabuurka. Si aad u soo dhawaajiso ama u saarto, isticmaal SetConsoleScreenBufferSize (waxay bedeshaa cabbirka kaydka) iyo SetConsoleWindowInfo (wuxuu cabbiraa ama dib u dhigayaa daaqadda) iyadoo la ixtiraamayo xannibaadaha la sheegay.

Hagaajin cabbirka kaydinta iyo tirada xariiqyada CMD

Si aad u hagaajisid degdega ah console laftiisa, amarka MODE CON Waa kan caadiga ah: qeex tiirarka (COLS) iyo saf (LINES). Tusaalaha caadiga ah wuxuu noqon lahaa in la sameeyo konsole is haysta oo leh 70 tiir iyo 9 saf: MODE CON cols=70 lines=9. Habkani wuxuu saameeyaa daaqada iyo cabbirka bakhaarka hal riwaayad.

Haddi aad door bidayso hab joogto ah oo granular ah, isticmaal Guryaha Console (midig ku dhufo ciwaanka> Guryaha). Gudaha tabka Options, dhaqaaji Wax ka beddel deg deg ah e Gelinta si aad dhaqso u dhejiso oo aad u doorato qoraalka, una dejiso Taariikhda Amarka: Cabbirka kaydinta ilaa 999 iyo tirada kaydinta ilaa 5 (xajinta xariiq dheeraad ah marka la duuduubayo). Dusha Layout tab, kor u qaad Dhererka kaydka (tusaale ahaan, 2500), oo hagaaji cabbirka iyo booska daaqadda; Haddii aad saxdo U ogolow nidaamku inuu dhigo daaqadda, waxaad dejin kartaa iskudubarid gaar ah.

Si aad u habayso akhriska iyo bilicda, dooro font iyo cabbirka tab Fuente, oo qeexaya midabada in tab Colors. Laga soo bilaabo khadka taliska waxaad sidoo kale ku beddeli kartaa midabada COLOR iyo sifo hex laba-god ah (saldhig iyo qoraal). Tusaale ahaan: COLOR 0E isticmaal asalka madow iyo qoraalka jaalaha ah; waa faa'iido si loola socdo consolesyada meelaha mugdiga ah.

Haddii aad rabto in goobaha qaarkood ay sii jiraan oo lagu dabaqo default, Windows waxay ku kaydisaa Diiwaanka. Furayaasha ugu habboon: HKCU\Console\ (default) iyo HKCU\Console\%SystemRoot%_system32_cmd.exe (gaar ah cmd.exe). Waxaad dhoofin kartaa/soo dejin kartaa qiyamka sida QuickEdit, ScreenBufferSize, Cabbirka daaqada, NumberOfHistoryBuffers, Booska daaqada o HistoryBufferSize oo leh .REG si aad ugu celceliso dejimahaaga iyada oo aan dib-u-habayn gacanta lagu samayn.

Intaa waxaa dheer, bilowga CMD waxay taageertaa a Autorun si aad u muujiso fariimaha ama u socodsiiso falalka mar kasta oo la furo. Gudaha HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor abuuraa (ama wax ka beddelaa) qiimaha xadhigga Autorun oo u qoondee tusaale ahaan: ECHO "Bienvenido a la consola"Waxay ku habboon tahay jawi taageero halkaas oo salaanta ama degdega ah looga baahan yahay.

Khiyaamada waxtarka leh ayaa ah in la xidho goobaha a dufcad. Isku dar cabbirka iyo midabka wax sidan oo kale ah: @ECHO OFF & mode con cols=46 lines=9 & COLOR 1F & ECHO Variables...Tani waxay ku siinaysaa daaqado leh cabbir iyo midabyo horay loo sii qeexay, oo ku habboon qoraallada aan u baahnayn shaashadda oo dhan.

PowerShell iyo Cabbirka: Waxa aad Karto oo aanad samayn karin

PowerShell waxay isticmaashaa isku mid mashiinka console (conhost.exe) Marka loo eego CMD, sidaas darteed waxay dhaxashaa inta badan dabeecad isku mid ah: cabbirka muuqda wuxuu ku xiran yahay kaydka, daaqada, iyo cabbirka farta. Haddii aad ku hagaajiso xuduudahan adigoo isticmaalaya Guryaha, waxaad ku arki doontaa isla saamaynta PowerShell.

Xaaladaha consoles'ka taxanaha ah ee leh SAC (Console Maamulka Gaarka ah), xaddidaadda ayaa ka weyn: deegaanka ayaa soo rogaya kaydka la dhimay ee 80×24 iyo iyada oo aan dib loo rogin, markaa waxaa lagu talinayaa in la daabaco | more amarro dhaadheer. Si aad hore ugu mariso, isticmaal meel bannaan (bog) ama Geli (line). Dheejiyeyaasha gaaban ayaa sidoo kale isbeddela: konsolka taxanaha ah, dhejisku wuu la socdaa SHIFT+geli.

Haddi aad inta badan waydiisato furaha kiiboodhka beddel cabbirka farta Duullimaadka, dariiqa guud wali waa Properties> Source. Koonsolayaasha casriga ah, waxaad cabbiri kartaa daaqadda adiga oo geeso jiidaya, wax soo saarkana waxaa lagu hagaajiyaa ikhtiyaarka Soo saarida qoraalka ayaa lagu hagaajiyay cabbirka, laakiin ma jiro kiiboodhka caalamiga ah ee gaaban oo ku qoran agabka aanu halkan ku qabanayno.

Isticmaalka midabada, dhererka kaydinta, ama khadadka PowerShell waxay u shaqeysaa si la mid ah CMD, sababtoo ah waxay yihiin guryaha console. Si otomaatig loogu sameeyo consoles-yada leh cabbiro muuqaal ah oo soo noqnoqda, samee profiles ama qoraallo khuseeya HORDHAC y MIDABKA bilawga casharka, ama habbee Daaqadda Properties ee lagu dhejiyay jid-gaabyo gaar ah.

Isticmaalka SAC ee Daaqadaha iyo Azure: Xakamaynta Xajmiga iyo Kharashyada Boggaga

On VM-yada Windows (ay ku jirto Azure), SAC waxay jirtay ilaa Windows Server 2003 laakiin waa naafo. Waxay ku tiirsan tahay sacdrv.sys, adeegga sacsvr iyo habka sacsess.exe. Markaad furto daaqada amarka gudaha SAC, sacsess.exe waran cmd.exe gudaha OS-ka socda, halkaasna waxaad ka bilaabi kartaa PowerShell, maamuli kartaa adeegyada, ama taabo shabakadda iyo firewall.

Sababtoo ah xaddidan 80x24 bilaa-rogid, xasuuso inaad ku darto | more amar kasta oo afka ah. Si aad ugu dhejiso console-ka taxanaha ah: SHIFT+geliQoraallada dhaadheer, inta badan way fiican tahay in amarrada lagu qoro tafatiraha maxaliga ah oo lagu dhejiyo SAC si looga fogaado arrimaha gaaban.

Awaamiirta maamulka waxtarka leh ee CMD gudaha SAC: awood RDP con reg add en HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server iyo dariiqa siyaasadda haddii ay khuseyso; ku maamul adeega Desktop Remote sc (sc query termservice, sc config, sc start/stop; oo shabagga ku taabo netsh (tus interfaces, ku qas DHCP netsh interface ip set address ... source=dhcp).

Si loo ogaado isku xirnaanta, ping y telnet (ka dib markii ay u suurtageliso macmiilka DISM) waxay u fiican yihiin imtixaan degdeg ah; PowerShell casriga ah way ka fiican tahay Test-NetConnection (dekedo ay ku jiraan). The xallinta DNS Waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay nslookup o Resolve-DnsNameHaddii aad ka shakisan tahay Firewall-ka, waxaad ku qori kartaa sharciyo gaar ah ama waxaad si ku meel gaar ah u dami kartaa profile-yada netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off oo dib ula hawlgeli ... on (ha joojin MPSSVC ama BFE ama waxaad lumin doontaa gabi ahaanba isku xirnaanta).

Koontada maxaliga ah, ee CMD: net user /add, net localgroup Administrators <usuario> /add, net user <usuario> /active:yes. Gudaha PowerShell: New-LocalUser, Add-LocalGroupMember y Enable-LocalUser (Noocyadii hore waxay isticmaalaan WMI). Waa faa'iido leh in la ogaado SID ee koontada maamulaha ee ku dhex dhisan (S-1-5-21-*-500).

Diiwaanka Dhacdada: Gudaha CMD, wevtutil qe wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad ku shaandhayso heer, bixiyaha iyo mudada u dhaxaysa XPath (tusaale ahaan EventID=11 ama hantidhawrka 4624); gudaha PowerShell, Get-WinEvent con -FilterXPath y -MaxEvents Dhammaan waa isku mid adiga oo qaabayn fiican leh. Si aad u taxdo software, wmic product Way shaqeysaa (ka fiirso saameynta); Gudaha PowerShell waxa kale oo aad ku hubin kartaa WMI oo aad ku daabici kartaa .Uninstall().

daacadnimada nidaamka: sfc /scannow y dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth ogaado burburka; ogolaansho NTFS con icacls in la dhoofiyo/badbaadiyo/soo celinta ACL-yada, oo lahaanshaha la yeesho takeown haddii loo baahdo. Ku nadiifinta aaladaha PNP ee aan jirin RUNDLL32.exe ... pnpclean.dll,RunDLL_PnpClean /Devices /Maxclean. Ku qasbi cusboonaysiinta siyaasadda gpupdate /force. Ku bilow shutdown /r /t 0 (o Restart-Computer con -Force).

Ku beddel cabbir pixels iyo tiirar/ safaf

Isfaham la'aan guud ayaa ah in la doonayo in daaqad lagu hagaajiyo 600 × 125 pixels saxda ah ee PowerShell. Console-ka caadiga ah waxa loo qaabeeyey tiirar/xariiqyo u dhigma pixels-ku waxay ku xidhan tahay farta iyo cabbirkeeda. Markaa habka la isku halayn karo waa: 1) dooro font/xajmiga (Guryaha> Font), 2) ku hagaaji daaqada MODE CON ama laga bilaabo Layout tab, iyo 3) ku hagaaji booska/daaqadda haddii loo baahdo Guryaha.

Haddii aad u baahan tahay saxnaanta barnaamijka, API-ga asalka ah ayaa bixiya SetConsoleScreenBufferSize y SetConsoleWindowInfo. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad maskaxda ku hayso in daaqadu aysan dhaafi karin baqshadda iyo cabbirka ugu badan ee dhabta ah wuxuu ku xiran yahay shaashadda iyo isha; HelLargestConsoleWindowSize waxay ku siinaysaa xadkaas sare adoon tixgalinayn kaydka.

Gudaha Windows 10, waxaad jiidi kartaa geeska si aad u cabbirto daaqada, iyo ikhtiyaarka aad ku samayn karto Soo saarida qoraalka ayaa lagu hagaajiyay cabbirka Marka la furo, qoraalka ayaa la duuduubay si looga hortago in si toos ah loogu duubo daaqadaha yaryar. Dhaqankani waa badbaado marka dib loo habeynayo consoles-ka kormeerayaasha NOC ama muraayadaha gidaarka.

Horumarinta Console gudaha Windows 10 kaas oo ka caawinaya cabbirka

Console-ku wuxuu helayaa dariiqyo gaaban Ctrl (koobi/koji sida ku jira apps casri ah), xulashada qoraalka kiiboodhka oo la fidiyay iyo taageerada duub doorashada inta u dhaxaysa khadadka sida aad u samayn lahayd tifaftiraha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira shaandhaynta nuxurka xaraash si aad u bedesho oraahyada qaloocan ama jilayaasha kale ee aan la taageerin, ka fogaanshaha dhibka marka la dhajinayo.

Mid kale oo cusub: waad awoodaa cabbir adigoo jiidaya daaqada; Markaad tan sameyso, nidaamku wuxuu si toos ah u cusbooneysiiyaa cabbirka kaydinta iyo daaqadaha. Kuwa wax ka beddelka badan, dhaqaaji Qoraalka soo saarida waa la hagaajiyay markii cabbirka la bedelay Waa fure, maadaama ay dib u soo celinayso khadadka dhaadheer marka la dhimayo cabbirka.

Si loo helo bilicda ama isku dhafka abka kale, tab Midabada wuxuu isku daraa xakamaynta Furfurnaan inta u dhaxaysa 30% iyo 100%. 30% daaqaddu waxay noqotaa mid hufan; waxay faa'iido u leedahay kormeer abuse iyada oo aan si buuxda loo daboolin qalabka taageerada.

Hadii aad aragto sanduuqa Isticmaalka console-ka dhaxalka ah karti, ka saar si aad awood ugu yeelato sifooyinkan casriga ah. Kuwo badan ayaa cawlan inta habka dhaxalku uu shido, sidaas darteed dami oo dib u fur console-ka.

Terminalka Windows: Kobcinta dejinta iyo profiles

Terminalka Windows waxa uu udub dhexaad u dhigaa profile-yada CMD/PowerShell/WSL iyo habayntoodu waxay ku nool yihiin a settings.json en %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState. Kahor intaadan taaban hagaajinta wanaagsan, samee gurmad koobiyaynta feylka una socda waddo nabdoon (tusaale, D:\Backup) leh: copy /y /v %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json D:\Backup.

JSON-kan waxa lagu daabici karaa Notepad; halkaas ayaad ku dhejin kartaa cabbirada farta, mawduucyada, mugdiga, midabada, iyo dabeecadaha rogrog ee profile kasta, oo ku siinaya hab joogto ah oo aad ku furto consoles leh muuqaalka iyo cabbirka aad rabto adigoon ku tiirsanayn gacan-ku-siimaha mar kasta.

Shabakadda iyo Hawlgallada Dab-damiska: Amarrada Muhiimka ah ee aad uga mahadcelin doonto Consoles Yaryar

Koonsolayaasha yaryar, waxa fiican inaad isticmaasho amarro kooban: Tijaabada-NetConnection (PowerShell) dib u bilaw ping iyo tijaabinta dekeda -Port; gudaha CMD, ku rakib TelnetClient leh DISM oo tijaabi dekedaha leh telnet host 80. Loogu talagalay DNS: Resolve-DnsName (PS) ama nslookup (CMD). Waxay aad waxtar u leedahay daaqadaha leh khadadka yar oo lagu daray | more ee SAC.

Firewall: ku tax xeerarka deked leh Get-NetFirewallPortFilter gudaha PowerShell (ama shayga COM hnetcfg.fwpolicy2 Nidaamyada hore) oo ay ku koontaroolaan profiles leh Set-NetFirewallProfile. Gudaha CMD, netsh advfirewall wali waa sax. Iska ilaali joojinta MPSSVC ama BFE, ama waxaad hoos u dhigi doontaa shabakada oo dhan.

Adeegyada, Gelida, iyo Nidaamka: Aasaaska u ah Kulamada Fog

Adeegyada Desktop Fog, PowerShell oo leh WMI (Get-WmiObject Win32_Service) ku tusinaya xisaabta guriga, nooc ka mid ah kabaha, Jidka iyo PID, iyo sidoo kale gobolka. Ku beddel nooca bilowga Set-Service iyo ku tiirsanaanta ka HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TermService. Ku bilow/ku jooji Start-Service/Stop-Service.

Xaaladaha Diiwaangelinta, PowerShell waxay ku qabataa furayaasha Get-ItemProperty y Set-ItemProperty si loo hubiyo ama awood loogu yeesho RDP. Haddii siyaasadda kooxdu ay fuliso qiyamka HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal ServicesXusuusnow in isbeddelkaaga lagu beddeli karo cusboonaysiinta siyaasadda xigta.

Baadhista Nidaamka: systeminfo y wmic os Waxay ku siinayaan nooca, dhisida, taariikhda rakibaadda, aagga wakhtiga iyo kabaha ugu dambeeya. Waayo hab nabdoon, bcdedit /enum oo ku shaandhee safeboot. Isla markiiba dib ugu bilow shutdown /r /t 0 o Restart-Computer haddii aad hore ugu jirtay PowerShell.

Bogaynta, koobiyaynta, dhaqaajinta, iyo raadinta macluumaadka: Wax soo saarka PowerShell

Koonsolayaasha yaryar waxay kugu qasbaan inaad si degdeg ah wax u qorto. Hel-Content oo leh halbeegyo sida -TotalCount o -Tail wuxuu kaa caawinayaa inaad aragto bilowga ama dhamaadka faylalka dhaadheer. Si aad isugu xirto adigoon duubin, isticmaal gc *.txt -Exclude granben.txt > granben.txt, ka fogaanshiyaha in lagu daro faylka wax soo saarka ee gelinta laftiisa.

Channel-ka (|) badiyo wax soo saarka: gc archivo.txt | measure -Line -Word -Character tiriyaa khadadka, erayada iyo jilayaasha. Xulo-xadhig (sls) wuxuu raadiyaa qaabab ku jira faylal badan oo leh calaamado duurjoog ah wuxuuna ku siinayaa macnaha guud adigoon si gaar ah u furin.

Tusaalaha xogta badan ee Azure si loo xaqiijiyo isku xidhka

On Azure VM, hubi Tusaalaha Adeegga Xogta badan Laga soo bilaabo martida, tijaabi isku xirnaanta adeegyada Azure. Gudaha PowerShell: $im = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{'metadata'='true'} -Uri http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-08-01 -Method GET ka dibna $im | ConvertTo-Json si loo arko osType, vmSize, vmId, magaca, KhayraadkaGroupName ama IP-yada gaarka ah/dadweynaha. Haddii tani jawaabto, martidu waxay timi martida Azure.

Xusuusnow in Azure NICs ay tahay inay isticmaalaan DHCP gudaha OS martida, xitaa IP-ga taagan ee Azure loo qoondeeyay. Ku dheji adabtarada Set-NetIPInterface -DHCP Enabled ama WMI oo leh noocyadii hore.

Si aad u hubiso adapters: Get-NetAdapter (ama WMI) waxay muujisaa heerka, sharraxaadda iyo MAC. Ku karti Enable-NetAdapter ama waxa loogu yeero WMI .Enable()Weydiimahani waa kuwo kooban oo saaxiibtinimo u leh consoles-yada khadka-gaaban.

Ugu dambayntii, xasuusnoow in kulammada SAC ee leh kayd xaddidan, ka saarid PSReadLine con Remove-Module PSReadLine Ka fogow jilayaasha aan la rabin marka aad dhejinayso baloogyada qoraalka; iska hubi marka hore Get-Module PSReadLine.

Dhammaan kuwan kor ku xusan waxaad si sax ah u cabbiri kartaa qalabka loo yaqaan 'console' (baffer and window), ka dhig wax-soo-saarka mid la akhriyi karo, oo maamulida iyo ogaanshaha labadaba gudaha iyo meel fogba SAC, iyada oo aan lumin xogta.

Hagaajinta cabbirrada qulqulka, daaqadaha, iyo wax-soo-saarka ma aha oo kaliya ku habboonaanta: waxay kuu oggolaanaysaa inaad si dhakhso leh u shaqeyso, u dhig daaqadaha korjoogayaasha waaweyn, oo aad fadhiyada taageerada gacanta ku hayso xitaa marka deegaanku soo rogo xadka 80x24. MODE CON, Properties, Registry, Console API, Windows 10 hagaajinta iyo anshaxa bogga | more, waxaad haysataa wax walba si CMD iyo PowerShell ay kuugula qabsadaan oo aysan ahayn si kale.