Raspberry Pi OS wuxuu siidaayaa saldhigga Debian 13 "Trixie" oo leh muraayad cusub iyo baakado cusub

Daabacaaddii ugu dambeysay ee Raspberry Pi OS waxay qaadataa tallaabo muhiim ah iyadoo la dejinayo Debian 13 "Trixie", ilaalinta xudunta Linux 6.12LTS iyo bilaabista misktop aad u qurxiyey iyada oo aan wax ciqaab ah la kulmin. Isbeddelka saldhigga ahi wuxuu albaabka u furayaa xirmo cusub, horumarin qoto dheer (sida dhimista Y2038) iyo nidaam deegaan oo modular ka badan.

In kasta oo la cusboonaysiinayo tas-hiilaadka jira la isku dayi karo, aasaaska laftiisa ayaa ku talinaya ka bilow rakibid nadiif ah Haddii aad ka timid Bookworm, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ka faa'iidaysato ururka cusub ee baakadaha oo aad ka fogaato gadaasha dambe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad degdegsan tahay, hoos waxaan kuugu sheegi doonaa sida si badbaado leh loogu tijaabiyo beta adoo isticmaalaya APT.

Astaamaha muhiimka ah ee Raspberry Pi OS ee ku salaysan Trixie

U booditaanka saldhigga cusub ee Debian 13 wuxuu keenayaa buug-tusaale casri ah, hagaajinta habab-hoosaadyo kala duwan iyo ballanqaad cad modularity desktop. Waxaas oo dhan waxay ku salaysan yihiin Linux 6.12LTS, kernel taageero oo la fidiyey oo mudnaanta siiya xasilloonida oo leh hagaajin joogto ah iyo taageero hardware. La tasho wararka kernel.

Dhinaca muuqaalka ayaa sidoo kale isbeddelaya maqaarka: way muuqdaan laba mawduuc GTK dib loo cusbooneysiiyay -PiXtrix (dabcan, by default) iyo PiXonyx (mugdi) -, summada iswaafajinta (PiXtrix), weji qoraal ah oo aad loo akhriyi karo (Nunito Sans Light) iyo ururinta asalka oo la cusboonaysiiyay. Qalabkani wuxuu deegaanka ka dhigayaa mid casri ah oo aan lumin iftiinkiisa.

Daboolka hoostiisa, sawirka desktop-ka ayaa loo kala qaybiyay baakadaha meta si ay kuugu fududaato in aad salka ugu yar ka soo baxdo oo aad wax ka sii dhammaystiranto laba tallaabo. Tani, ayaa lagu daray a Xarunta xakamaynta oo ay ku midaysan yihiin plugins, waxay fududaynaysaa rakibaadda bilowga ah iyo qaabaynta nolol maalmeedka labadaba.

Dashboard-ka iyo desktop-ka: plugins, nidaamka iyo nadaafadda

Barta shaqada waxay ka kooban tahay a nidaamka kormeeraha oo leh digniinaha tamarta iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee muhiimka ah ee jaleecada. Intaa waxaa dheer, muraayadaha wf-panel-pi y lxpanel-pi Waxay hadda wadaagaan a plugin saacad joogto ah, taas oo yaraynaysa nuqullada oo bixisa isku xidhnaan.

Panel-ka caadiga ah ee LXDE waxa lagu hayaa fargeeto gaar ah, lxpanel-pi, kaas oo wax-ku-kordhinta aan la ilaalin laga saaray si ay u guuleystaan isku halayntaGoyntan ula kac ah ayaa u roon xasiloonida deegaanka waxayna yaraynaysaa cadhada yaryar ee maalinlaha ah.

Guud ahaan, miisku wuxuu isku daraa muuqaal casri ah iyo a isticmaalka aad u yar, wax fure u ah madal meesha dheelitirka u dhexeeya bilicda iyo hufnaanta aan laga gorgortami karin.

Xarunta Xakamaynta Midaysan ee Cusub

Dejinta nidaamka waxay diiradda saaraan abka Xarunta Xakamaynta, xudunta khafiifka ah ee culeyska shaqada ee qaabka plugins. Waxay beddeshaa adeegyada kala duwan sida Qalabaynta Raspberry Pi, Muuqaal, Mouse iyo keyboard, Dejinta shaashadda iyo maamulka printer, bixinta dhamaantood hal daaqad.

Habkan qaabaysan ayaa taageeraya kordhinta xisbiga saddexaad iyo bogag gaar ah oo loogu talagalay qalab ama agab gaar ah. Haddii soo saaraha uu rabo inuu isku daro goobahooda, waxay sidaas samayn karaan iyaga oo aan dib u soo kicin giraangirta, taas oo bixisa a dabacsanaan aan caadi ahayn meelaha iftiinka ah.

Kiiboodhka iyo menu-yada: yaryar, horumarin weyn

Laba qalab ayaa lagu daray terminal ku jihaysan kiiboodhka rasmiga ah: rpi-keyboard-config y rpi-keyboard-fw-update, loogu talagalay habeeyo oo cusboonaysii firmware meesha ku haboon, oo aad baran kartaa Ka hel dhacdooyinka USB Linux si loo abuuro ficilo toos ah. Waxa weheliya hagaajinta xakamaynta kiiboodhka ee abka GTK iyo nadiifinta dhamaystiran menu ugu weyn si ay u noqoto mid isku xidhan.

Noocyada noocaan ah ee isticmaalka ma sameeyaan wax buuq ah, laakiin mustaqbalka fog waxay sameeyaan farqi: desktop-ka ayaa si fiican uga jawaabaya, waxaa jira khilaaf yar oo wax walba waa joogto ah isticmaalayaasha cusub iyo kuwa ruug-cadaaga ah.

Metapackages iyo waddooyinka rakibaadda

Mashruucu wuxuu ku qotomaa blocks si loo fududeeyo boodada tartiib tartiib ah; haddii aad ka bilowdo Raspberry Pi OS Lite, waxaad ku dari kartaa deegaan salka leh rpd-wayland-core (Wayland) ama rpd-x-core (X11), oo ku buuxi sida kugu habboon Codsiyada rpd iyo xirmada utility rpd-utilities, tusaale ahaan Ku dhis qalabka loo yaqaan 'retro console' oo leh Raspberry Pi.

Hababkan waxa weheliya noocyo cusub oo casri ah Chromium iyo Firefox, iyo dib u habeyn lagu sameeyo xirmooyinka sawirka desktop-ka. Hadafka ayaa ah in laguu fududeeyo inaad beddesho rakibaadda Lite in dhamaystiran (ama lid ku ah) oo aan riwaayado ama isku-tiirsanaan dhif ah.

Abka iyo waxa ku jira: Shelf-ka buuggu wuu noqonayaa mid halis ah

Barnaamijka Qurxinta Waxay horeba u kala saartaa nuxurka u gaarka ah wax ku biiriyaasha oo ay ku jirto badhan Ku darso si loo furo. Cinwaanadii u dambeeyay waxa lagu calaamadeeyay a Calaamadda loo yaqaan 'padlock icon' Haddii aysan ku jirin akoonkaaga, tani waxay si fiican u caddaynaysaa waxa aad hadda furi karto iyo waxa u baahan is-diiwaangelin.

Dhaqdhaqaaqaani wuxuu dhiirigeliyaa taageerada nidaamka deegaanka iyada oo aan la carqaladeynin waayo-aragnimada akhriska kuwa doonaya inay sahamiyaan waxyaabaha furan ama arkaan waxa cusub, iyo horumarinta Barnaamijyada Raspberry Pi.

Soo dejiso, waafaqid iyo hababka rakibida

Sawirka Raspberry Pi OS oo ku salaysan Debian 13 Waxaa laga soo dejiyey goobta rasmiga ah oo waxaad ku gubi kartaa Raspberry Pi Imager ama qalab la mid ah kaarka SD ama USB drive. USB. Qoraalada 32 iyo 64 jajab si loo daboolo kiisaska isticmaalka badan iyo qalabka. Haddii aad isticmaasho PoE, iska hubi Sida PoE ugu shaqeeyo shabakadaha.

Waafaqsanaanta saxanka: 1A+, 1B+, 2B, 3B, 3B+, 3A+, 4B, 400, 500, CM1, CM3, CM3+, CM4, CM4S, Zero, Zero W iyo Zero 2 W. Haddii aad ka timid Bookworm, talada rasmiga ah waa in la sameeyo gurmad oo la sameeyo nadiifinta rakibaadda ee sawirka Trixie cusub si aad uga fogaato jiidid oo aad uga faa'iidaysato qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka laga bilaabo daqiiqadda ugu horreysa.

Waxqabadka iyo saldhigga farsamada

Tandem Linux 6.12LTS + Debian 13 waxay bixisaa aasaas isku dheeli tiran: ka jawaab celinta desktop-ka oo wanagsan, maktabado iyo baakado casri ah oo dheeri ah, iyo isbedelo gudaha ah oo u jihaysan ilaalinta muddada dheerIyadoo aan la iibin qiiqa, waxaa jira dareere weyn isticmaalka maalin kasta.

Isku-dhafka cusub Xarunta xakamaynta, Dib-u-habaynta by baakadaha meta iyo ka go'naanta mawduucyada la cusboonaysiiyay iyo astaanta ayaa dhigaya Raspberry Pi OS halka ay tahay: nidaam iftiin, cad oo la dheerayn karo in aad si fiican u hagaajin karto haddii aad ka soo bilaabayso xoq ama aad ka imanayso habayn yar.

Sida loo tijaabiyo beta adoo tafatiraya APT (si taxadar leh)

Haddii aad xiisaynayso oo aad doorbidayso inaad tijaabiso Trixie adigoon dib u rakibin, waxaad ku qasbi kartaa cusboonaysiinta adoo adeegsanaya APT. Xusuusnow, in kastoo, ay taasi tahay imtixaan kaliya iyo in ikhtiyaarka ugu macquulsan ee wax soo saarka uu yahay rakibaadda nadiifka ah ee uu ku taliyey mashruucu.

Tillaabooyinka kooban: Marka hore cusboonaysii nidaamkaaga hadda, dib u bilow haddii ay khusayso, ka dibna wax ka beddel meelahaaga si aad u tilmaamto sxb. Intaa ka dib, socodsii cusbooneysiin buuxda oo ku dhammee a Dib-u-hagaajin. Marka si ballaadhan loo hadlo, qulqulka ayaa noqon doona:

• Cusbooneysii hadda: sudo apt update y sudo apt upgrade -y (haddii baakado badan soo galaan, dib u bilow).
• Wax ka beddel boosaska gudaha /etc/apt/sources.list iyo /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list, beddelaad buugaagta by sxb dhammaan khadadka (oo ay ku jiraan trixie-updates y trixie-amniga).
• Cusbooneysii tusmooyinka iyo xirmooyinka: sudo apt update iyo ka dib sudo apt upgrade (waxaa jiri doona xaqiijin iyo ogeysiisyo isbedel qaabeynta).
• Ku-tiirsanaanta iyo kala-guurka oo dhammaystiran sudo apt dist-upgrade ku haboon dhammaan qaybaha ee sii daynta cusub.
• Dib u billow si aad u dabaqdo isbeddellada caalamiga ah oo ugu dambayntii aad meel bannaan ku xorayso sudo apt autoremove y sudo apt autoclean.

Waxaan ku adkeysaneynaa: maaha dariiqa ay ku taliyaan aasaaska, laakiin way u shaqeysaa tinker oo qaado garaaca nidaamka ka hor inta aanad ku boodin sawir nadiif ah.

Digniinta iyo isbeddellada dhaxalka ee Debian 13 ee laga yaabo inay saameyn ku yeeshaan

Raspberry Pi OS wuxuu raacayaa wareegga Debian oo, Trixie, wuxuu dhaxlaa dhowr isbeddello guud oo mudan in la ogaado. Hoos waxaa ku yaal dib u eegis ku saabsan kuwa ugu habboon oo saameyn la taaban karo ku leh xarumaha boqortooyada:

• FurSSH iyo updates fog: Waxaa jira arrin ku jirta Bookworm oo xannibi karta dib u xidhidhiyaha haddii cusboonaysiinta fog la joojiyo. SSH. Kahor intaadan tahriibin, hubi inaad haysato OpenSSH 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u7 ama ka sareeya iyada oo loo marayo casriyeynta xasilloon.
• i386 hadda ma ahan dhisme caadi ah: ma jiro kernel rasmi ah ama rakibe i386; waxaa loo qoondeeyay code dhaxalgal ah iyada oo loo marayo multiarch ama chroot amd64. Ma khusayso Pi, laakiin waxa laga yaabaa inay saamayso qalabka caawimada.
• armel, update final: Trixie waa kan ugu dambeeya ee hubka; Kaliya Pi 1, Zero iyo Zero W ayaa wali haysta taageerada xirmada kernel. Tixgeli dib u soo dejinta sidii cudud ama gacan64 markay suurtogal tahay.
• MIPS waa laga saaray: qallafsanaan y mips64el laga waayo Debian; khuseeya haddii aad u ururiso aaladaha dibedda.
• /boot ka weyn: kernel iyo firmware ayaa koray; hubi taas /boot ugu yaraan 768 MB iyo qiyaastii 300 MB oo bilaash ah ama cusbooneysiinta ayaa dhici karta.
• /tmp hadda tmpfs: default waxaa lagu rakibay xusuusta (illaa 50% la heli karo). Xawaaraha yeelo, laakiin ka taxdar marka aad faylal waaweyn meesha ku daadinayso. Waad ku celin kartaa gudaha tmp.mount o /etc/fstab.
• OpenSSH hadda wax ma akhrido ~/.pam_environmentdoorsoomayaasha u dhaqaajiya ~/.bashrc ama habab u dhigma; isbedel dahsoon fadhiyada cusub ee SSH.
• Furayaasha DSA: OpenSSH 9.8p1 ​​ma taageerto DSA xitaa marka ay awood u siiso; isticmaal Ed25519/ECDSA/RSA. Qalabkii hore ee DSA-keliya, waxaa jira ssh1 (xirmo Openssh-macmiil-ssh1).
• last/lastb/lastlog: jid u samee wtmpdb, lastlog2 y lslogins. Haddii aadan u haajirin wtmpdb, tirtir /var/log/wtmp* update ka dib.
• Saxannada qarsoon: is-dejinta hadda waa systemd-cryptsetup (la rakibay sida lagu taliyay). Gudaha dm-crypt cad beddel qiimaha caadiga ah; Haddaad ku Abuurtay Bookworm ka tag iyagoo sugan cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256,size=256,hash=ripemd160 en /etc/crypttab ama ma fuuli doonaan.
• RabbitMQ: Safafka HA oo lagu beddelay safafka kooramkaMa jirto waddo toos ah oo casriyeyn ah oo ka timid Bookworm; Ka dib markii aad u cusboonaysiisay Trixie, waa inaad mararka qaarkood nadiifisaa /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia.
• MariaDB: boodboodka nooca weyn ayaa u baahan xirid nadiif ah hore; haddii kale, server-ka cusub ayaa diidi doona inuu bilaabo ilaa uu ka soo kabsado nuqulkii hore.
• sysctl: systemd-sysctl Hadda wax ma akhriyo /etc/sysctl.conf. Yimaado linux-sysctl-defaults con /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf. Dejinta deegaankaaga ayaa galaya /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf.
• Pingiga aan mudnaanta lahayn: hadda waxay isticmaashaa saldhigyada datagram; gelitaanku waxay ku xidhan tahay net.ipv4.ping_group_range. Ku rakibida caadiga ah way ka baxdaa ogolaansho xirmada sysctl ee caadiga ah.
• Magacyada NIC: way ku kala duwanaan karaan nidaamka v257 (i40e ama ACPI _SUN darawalka). Hubi ka hor inta aanad dib ugu bilaabin udevadm test-builtin net_setup_link oo magacyo u dejisa systemd.link haddii aad u baahan tahay xasilooni.
• Dovecot 2.4: qaabka qaabeynta aan ku habboonayn; ah kombuyuutar baaba'a. Tijaabi qaabaynta jawi kala duwan. Aan wax soo saar lahayn ka hor
• Libvirt: darawalada iyo dhabarka dambe ee gudaha baakado kala duwanCusbooneysii ka dib, hubi binary-ga aad rakibtay oo nadiifi wixii haraaga ah. Waxa laga yaabaa inaad aragto faylasha loo calaamadeeyay inay duugoobeen.
• Samba: AD-DC waxay u guurtay samba-ad-dc; Unugyada ceph iyo gluster-ka VFS waxay aadayaan baakado go'an (samba-vfs-ceph y samba-vfs-glusterfs).
• OpenLDAP: Hadda TLS-gaagu wuu raacayaa OpenSSL (ma aha GnuTLS). Doorashooyinka iyo isbeddelka dabeecadda; haddii aadan cayimin CA, nidaamka kalsoonida ayaa la rari doonaa.
• Bacula: Isbeddelka schema waa weyn; waxay qaadan kartaa saacado ama maalmo waxayna u baahan tahay ku saabsan labanlaabo booska ku meel gaadh ah serverka DB
• usrmerge: waxaad arki doontaa digniino ka socda dpkg marka la cusboonaysiinayo; iska dhaaf iyaga, waa caadi marka mashruucu dhamaado.
• Ha u boodin noocyada: u dhamaystir cusbooneysiinta Bookworm ka hor inta aanad bilaabin Trixie's.
• WirePlumber: Nidaamka qaabeynta cusub; haddii aad habayso, hubi /usr/share/doc/wireplumber/NEWS.Debian.gz.
• xoogSwan: ka soo haajireen charon-daemon a charon-systemd con swanctl oo ku xidho /etc/swanctl/conf.d.
• sg3-utils: guryaha udev ee maqan waxay jebin karaan durdurrada aaladaha SCSI ee ku xiran sg3-utils-udev.
• tzdata-legacy: Aagagga wakhtiga aan caadiga ahayn waa la kala saaray; haddii nidaamkaaga ama adeegyadaadu isticmaalaan, rakib tzdata-legacy.
• Nadiifinta /tmp y /var/tmp: Rakibaadaha cusub, faylalka hore (10 iyo 30 maalmood) waa la tirtiraa. Marka la cusboonaysiiyo, xeer ayaa la sameeyay si loo ilaaliyo dhaqanka caadiga ah; waxaad ku bedeli kartaa tan tmpfiles.d.
• Fariinta habaysan aan la isku darsan-bin: iska dhaaf; gacanta ku milmaan /usr/bin y /usr/sbin jebiyo updates mustaqbalka.
• Ammaanka browserka: webkit2gtk daboolan balastar, laakiin qtwebkit Maya. Isticmaalka guud, Firefox ama Chromium ESR oo dib loo soo ururiyey si xasiloon ayaa ugu fiican.
• Go/Rust: Caymiska amniga xaddidan ee isku xirka taagan; hagaajinta qaar ayaa soo socota updates yar.
• QEMU ppc64el: ka taxaddar cabbirrada bogga; haddii martidu u baahan tahay 4 KiB, isticmaal cap-hpt-max-page-size=4096; haddii 64 KiB, rakib linux-image-powerpc64le-64k.
• Xirmooyinka go'ay ee xusidda mudan: libnss-gw-magaca (isticmaal libnss-myhostname), pcregrep (isticmaal grep -P o pcre2grep), codsi-raadiyaha4 ( u haajiraan codsi-raadiyaha5), git-daemon-run/sysvinit, nvidia-graphics-drivers-tesla-470, deborphan (isticmaal apt autoremove y apt-mark minimize-manual), tldr ( lagu bedeli karo cawska o tldr-py), tp ( beddelaad eegme, boodbood).
• Horay u sii eegaya Debian 14: sudo-ldap waa laga laaban doonaa (USA libsss-sudo), ka bixitaan suurtagal ah sudo_logsrvd, libnss-docker waxaa dhici karta in uu shil galo API oo go'ay awgeed, OpenSSH la'aanteed GSS-API sida caadiga ah (waxay isticmaashaa baakado -gssapi haddii aad u baahan tahay), dhamaadka sbuild-debian-horumariyaha-dejinta oo u janjeera sbuild+la wadaagin, nabad gelyo fcitx 4.x ( u haajiraan fcitx5), lxd lagu beddelay incusub, isc-dhcp go'ay (Kea on servers; NetworkManager/systemd-networkd ama dhcpcd-saldhig in macaamiisha), dhamaadka horumarinta ee HALKEE 5 (ka bax inta lagu jiro wareegga fargeetada).
• Cayayaanka halista ah ee la yaqaan wakhtiga daabacaada: kuwaan waxaa ka mid ah, iyo kuwo kale, #1032240, #1078608, #1108467, #1109499, #1108010, #1102690, #1109509, #1110119, #1036041, #1102160, #913916, #984760, #1099655, #935182, #1017906, #1109203, #1109676, #1109512, #1104231, #1084955, #1104177, #1104336, #1084954, #1095866, #1100981, #1109519, #1110263, #1108039, #1089432, #1101956, #1101839, #1017891, #1109833, #988477. Ka hubi BTS heerka la cusboonaysiiyay

Raspberry Pi 500+: Qalab cusub oo ku habboon Trixie

Guriga ayaa sidoo kale la soo bandhigay Raspberry Pi 500+, kobcinta fikradda kumbuyuutarka ee kumbuyuutarka oo kordhiya waxqabadka oo ku daraya faahfaahin aad u soo jiidasho leh. Gudaha waa a Broadcom BCM2712 Quad-core Cortex-A76 Processor wuxuu ku xiran yahay 2,4 GHz iyo VideoCore VII GPU oo leh taageero FurGL ES 3.1 iyo Vulkan 1.2, oo ay weheliyaan 16 GB LPDDR4x-4267, kaydinta M.2 2280 leh SSD 256 GB iyo microSD akhristaha.

Nimcada waxay ku jirtaa kiiboodhka: iska daa xuubka Gateron KS-33 furayaasha farsamada buluuga ah oo leh iftiinka dambe ee RGB, oo fure kastaa wuxuu isku daraa a RP2040 ku shaqeeya QMK firmware. Habayntu waa mid aad u wayn oo la jaan qaadi karta inta badan beddelaya laga bilaabo suuqa, madax cad oo ka mid ah dadweynaha kafeega jecel.

Xagga isku xidhka, ma gaabna: Wi-Fi iyo Bluetooth isku dhafan, laba micro-HDMI ilaa 4K, saddex USB-A, Gigabit Ethernet iyo 40-pin GPIO caadiga ah. Waxay ku kacaysaa qiyaastii $200 (the Qalabka Desktop 20 dheeraad ah, ku dar jiirka rasmiga ah, 27 W USB-C korantada iyo fiilada micro-HDMI) shirkaduna waxay dammaanad qaadaysaa wax soo saarka iyo qaybaha kaydka ugu yaraan ilaa 2035Sida iska cad, nidaamka lagu taliyay waa Raspberry Pi OS ku salaysan Trixie, sidoo kale ku haboon orodka Kodi.

Rakibaadda kadib iyo talooyinka habaynta (ikhtiyaar)

Haddii aad xiisaynayso in nidaamkaagu si habsami leh u shaqeeyo, halkan waxaa ah dhawr talo oo degdeg ah oo la shaqeeya Debian 13 iyo Raspberry Pi OS-ga cusub. Qasab maaha, laakiin way caawiyaan. dhammaystir waayo-aragnimada:

• Shabakadda iyo Terminalka: Habee shabakadda haddii aanay diyaar ahayn inta lagu jiro rakibidda; habayn terminalka (mawduuca mugdiga ah, jid-gaabyada) Ctrl+C/V in la koobiyeeyo/ku dhejiyo) si aad si raaxo leh ugu shaqeyso.
• Mudnaanta: Haddii ay adiga faa'iido kuu leedahay, ku dar isticmaalahaaga sudoers si ku-meel-gaar ah si loo hagaajiyo hawlaha maamulka (xusuusnow inaad dib u noqoto haddii aadan u baahnayn).
• Saxanka dhejinta: isticmaal blkid si loo helo UUID oo ku sheeg diiwaannadaada gudaha /etc/fstab (tusaale ahaan, fuulista /mnt con ext4 waxay ku xiran tahay 0 0).
• Amniga aasaasiga ah: ku rakib ufw/gufw sida firewalls iyo clamav/clamtk si loo sawiro barta. Ku hay nidaamkaaga mid casri ah iyo adeegyada ugu yaraan.
• Isticmaalayaasha iyo ku-habboonaanta: profiles gaar ah hawlo ama strips mashiinada dalwaddu con VirtualBox, Virt-Maareeye/QEMU o VMware (lahaanshaha) loogu talagalay baaritaanka aan khatarta lahayn.
• 3-2-1 Nuqullo: Saddex nuqul, laba warbaahin oo kala duwan, iyo mid ka baxsan guriga. Qalabka sida rsync o NAS xalalka nooca Waxay fududeeyaan noloshaada.
• Pi-hole: Haddii aad rabto inaad xannibto xayeysiisyada / telemetry heerka shabakadda, Pi-hole wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida soo jiidashada Raspberry Pi. Xusuusnow inaad joojiso DHCP gudaha router Haddii aad ka soo qaadato Pi-hole oo aad hagaajiso liisaska cuf madax leh.

Lakabka muuqaalka ah ee GNOME (haddii aad isticmaasho deegaankan), ku rakib sinaanta iyo qalabyada sida gnome-shell-fidinta-maareeyaha iyo xirmada gnome-shell-kordhintaKordhinta aadka waxtarka leh: dash-ku-gule, caffeine, cimilada, desktop-icon-ng, barnaamijyadooda-menu y liiska daaqadaha; haddii aad door bidayso xidhashada, dharbaaxo-ku-xidhashoIlaha wanaagsan ee mawduucyada iyo astaanta waa Gnome-eeg.

Xarfaha xarfaha, maamulaha-font y font-fiiriye Waxay kuu fududeeyaan noloshaada. Xirmooyinka lagu taliyay: fonts-linuxlibertine, farta lagu taliyay. Luuqadaha aan Latinka ahayn: far-qoritaan-qadiimi ah (duq), fonts-babelstone-han (Shiine), xarfaha-baekmuk (Kuuriyaan), fonts-noto-core/dheeraad ah (daboolan ballaaran) ama fonts-sil-taiheritagepro (Vietnamese). La jaanqaadida xafiiska, ku rakib ttf-mscorefonts-installer iyo, haddii aad u baahan tahay, ilaha sida cabirrada o Cambria asal ahaan la liisan ansax ah.

Kaydka iyo software: dib u eegis /etc/apt/sources.list inaad haysato sxb oo leh qaybo khuseeya (ugu weyn ee, aan-free-firmware, iwm) iyo cusbooneysiin leh runtii. Goobaha dibeda sida deb-multimedia wax hagaajin kara qaar suugaanta, laakiin si caqli gal ah u isticmaal. Browser sida Yey bilaash ah Waxay leeyihiin nasasho u gaar ah; raac tilmaamaha si iska ilaali isku dhacyada.

Baakadaha beddelka: Flatpak y SNAP waa faa'iido haddii aadan heli karin xirmo wadani ah oo shaqaynaysa. Ku rakib flatpak iyo, haddii aad rabto, la dhex galo gnome-softiweer. in Flathub waxaad ka heli doontaa amarka rakibaadda ee ku dhawaad ​​wax kasta oo caan ah.

Xirmooyinka dabacsan: leh dpkg -i waxaad rakibtay .deb (haddii wax ku tiirsanaantu maqan yihiin, xalli oo isku day mar kale). Tarballs sida kuwa ka yimid Anki Waxay caadi ahaan ku jiraan script rakibidda; kuwa kale sida Watercam ogolaada in lagu fuliyo /opt, ku daray a .desktop en ~/.local/share/applications. Ku hagaaji ogolaanshaha chown/chmod haddii loo baahdo. The AppImage xitaa way ka fudud yihiin: sii ogolaanshaha fulinta waana taas.

Ururinta ilaha wali waa ikhtiyaar ansax ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda aan xirmeynin ( tusaale, GNU IceCat). Iyo si loo hagaajiyo qalabka, tusaale wax ku ool ah: Mpv. Waad abuuri kartaa ~/.config/mpv/input.conf ee marin-gaabyada (mugga, hore/ gadaal, sawir-qaadista) iyo ~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf fursadaha sida autofit o geometry, gaaritaanka dabeecad shaqsiyeedHaddii aad hadda bilaabayso, aasaas wanaagsan waa a Hordhaca Python Programming.

browserka, waa ansax tabaha loo yaqaan: asal ahaan xadhig, kantaroolka telemetry, profiles lagu kala sooco hawsha iyo, haddii aad rabto, kala saar calaamado macnaha guud ee shaqada daalacashada kala duwan (Firefox, Chromium, LibreWolf, Waterfox). Waa buug badan, laakiin waxay ka fogaataa isku darka caadooyinka iyo xogta.

Waxaas oo dhan waxaad haysataa Raspberry Pi OS si wanaagsan loo aasaasay oo ku salaysan Trixie: iftiin, casri ah oo nadiif ahInta u dhaxaysa boodboodka saldhigga, baakadaha, Xarunta Xakamaynta, iyo dib-u-habeeynta is-dhexgalka, waa wakhti ku habboon in la qaato qulqulka haddii aad rabto waayo-aragnimo dheeraad ah oo nadiif ah adiga oo aan u hurayn falsafada jahliga ah ee goobta.