Chii chinonzi DDNS: tsananguro, kuti inoshanda sei, misiyano uye chengetedzo

Kana iwe ukabatanidza kure neimba yako, tonga sevha diki, kana kungoda kuti zita rigare rakanongedza pakombuta yako, izwi rekuti DDNS richakufadza zvikuru. El Dynamic DNS Batanidza domain kune yako yeruzhinji IP kero kunyangwe ikachinja.kudzivisa kutsvaga kwakajairika kwe "chii chinonzi IP yangu ikozvino?" pese pese mushandisi wako paanokupa kero.

Mumitsetse inotevera unowana gwara rakazara rine mienzaniso chaiyo yekuti chii chinonzi DDNS, kuti inosiyana sei kubva kune "chinyakare" DNS, mashandiro ayo kuseri kwezviitiko, uye zvakanakira uye njodzi yainosanganisira. Iwe uchaona zvakare akakurumbira emahara masevhisi, kuseta matanho, uye chikamu chemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa. saka une zvese zviripo uye pasina chinokunetsa.

Chii chinonzi DDNS kana Dynamic DNS?

Nepo zvechinyakare DNS ichibatanidza zita remugamuchiri nekero yeIP kusvika mumwe munhu aichinja, DDNS inogadzirisa shanduko iyi uye inotarisira kugadziridzwa kweIP.Nekudaro, iyo domain inopihwa neaya masevhisi inogara ichinongedza kune kwayo kwairi kuenda, kunyangwe wako wepaInternet akavandudza kubatana kwako uye achikupa imwe yeruzhinji IP kero.

Haisi chinhu chinouya "fekitari yakagoneswa" pakombuta yako. DDNS inobvumirwa uye inogadziriswa, kazhinji mu router kana kuburikidza nemutengi mudiki iyo inomhanya kumashure, uye iyi "mumiririri" inozivisa DDNS mupi weiyo IP kero kuitira kuti igone kugadzirisa rekodhi.

Nei IP kero ichichinja

Mumazuva ekutanga einternet, kero dzaiwanzo mira uye dzisinga shandurwe. Nekuputika kwemidziyo yakabatana, masensa, uye masevhisi, IPv4 kero yakave kushomeka uye inodhura sosi yekuchengeta pane yakatarwaKunyangwe IPv6 yakawedzera kero nzvimbo, iyo ine simba yekugovera modhi yakakunda nekuda kwemutengo uye kuchinjika.

Kugadzirisa chokwadi ichi, mazhinji network anoshandisa DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP inochengetedza dziva reIPs uye inovarenda kwenguva yakati.Kana mudziyo uchinge wabatana, zvinotora kero nyowani, uye painodzima kana iyo yekurenda yapera, IP kero inotenderera zvakare kune imwe mudziyo.

Muchina uyu unoreva kuti imba imwechete kana hofisi yekubatanidza inogona kuona yayo yeruzhinji IP kero ichivandudzwa nguva nenguva kana isingafungidzirwe. Kana sevhisi yako ichitsamira pane imwe kero yeIP, iyo kusagadzikana inocheka kupinda, kutyora kubatanidzwa, uye kumanikidza shanduko yemanyorero. mumarekodhi ako eDNS… kunze kwekunge washandisa DDNS.

DDNS inobatsira sei mukuita?

Vagadziri uye vatungamiriri vanowanzo kodhi ekupedzisira nemazita (APIs, mauto, tunnel) VPN, kure kure desktops). Kana iyo DNS rekodhi isingaratidzi iyo chaiyo IP kero, mutengi anotadza kugadzirisa. uye sevhisi inodzika kune vashandisi. DDNS inodzivirira iyo imwe pfungwa yekutadza.

Nemutengi pane yako router kana mudziyo, Iyo DDNS mupi inoziviswa nezve yega IP shanduko uye inogadzirisa otomatiki irogi.Chero ani akabatana ne "your-domain.ddns.tld" anosvika pakombuta chaiyo usingade kuronda kero yeruzhinji nguva ino.

Kusiyana pakati peDNS neDDNS

Iyo DNS ndiyo sisitimu "inoshandura" mazita (semuenzaniso, chero dura) kuita manhamba kero kuitira kuti browser yako kana application izive kwekuenda. Nekumisikidza, mudziyo wako unoshandisa mutakuri wako DNS maseva, kunyangwe iwe uchikwanisa kushandura kune vamwe. zvekuvanzika, kuita, kana zvaunofarira.

DDNS, kune rumwe rutivi, Iyo yekuwedzera yakatarisana-yakatarisana neiyo ine simba IP.Kubva pamaonero emutengi weDNS, ese ari maviri anogadzirisa mazita kuIPs; mutsauko chaiwo uri mukuwanda uye nzira yekuvandudza marekodhi: neiyo classic DNS inoitwa nemaoko uye pane imwe nyaya-ne-nyaya; neDDNS inorongwa otomatiki uye kazhinji.

Mune mamwe mazwi, DDNS inoona IP shanduko uye inogadziridza DNS "pasina kupindira kwevanhu"kuve nechokwadi chekuti domain inoramba ichinongedza kuchikwata chimwe chete kunyangwe manhamba akachinja kuseri kwezviitiko.

DDNS inoshanda sei nehunyanzvi?

Pfungwa yacho iri nyore: "mumiririri" (pane router kana pakombiyuta panetiweki) Iyo nguva nenguva inozivisa iyo DDNS sevhisi yeazvino yeruzhinji IP kero.Iye mupi anovandudza marekodhi eDNS ane hukama nezita rako rekutambira kuitira kuti, kana zvagadziriswa, zvinodzosera kero chaiyo.

Maererano neshumiro, Cheki inogona kuitwa panguva dzakasiyana (semuenzaniso, maawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega kana painowona shanduko)Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kana nechiitiko (kana iyo router inovandudza chibvumirano chayo) kana nekuwana manyore kuburikidza neAPI. Mhedzisiro yacho yakafanana: iyo DNS rekodhi inowiriraniswa neyako chaiyo IP kero.

Padanho reprotocol, pane nzira mbiri: izvo zvakajairwa zvigadziriso zvinotsanangurwa muRFC 2136 (DNS UPDATE), yakajairika munzvimbo dzinobatanidza DHCP neDNS, uye kushandisa kwevaridzi kunowanzo pinda kuburikidza neHTTP/HTTPS kushandura registry pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.

Mhando dzeDDNS

Chinhu chakakosha chechero DDNS ndeye otomatiki kugadzirisa registry kana IP yachinja. Izvi zvinoitwa nenzira mbiri huru izvo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa:

• Zviyero-zvakavakirwa DDNS (RFC 2136): Inotambanudza iyo DNS protocol kubvumidza "Dynamic Updates". Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika apo DDNS inoshanda pamwe chete neDHCP server uye ine mvumo DNS server mukati mesangano.
• DDNS muridzi: Mhinduro dzakagadziridzwa dzinoshandisa HTTP/HTTPS ine mushandisi magwaro ekugadzirisa marekodhi. Inopa kuenderana kwakafara nema routers uye vatengi vatete.

Zvakanakira zveDDNS

Kana DNS nemakero zvichichinja pamitengo yakasiyana, kusawirirana kunoonekwa. DDNS inogadzirisa kuiswa kwezvikamu uye inopa mabhenefiti akajeka pamativi akawanda:

• Kugarisana neDHCP: Pasina DDNS, IP kutenderera kunoita kuti marekodhi ave echinyakare; neDDNS, DHCP uye DNS zvakabatanidzwa.
• Kuwanikwa uye kuwana kure: Iwe unobatanidza nemazita, kwete nekuchinja IP, kurerutsa VPNs, RDP, maseva epamba, uye marabhu.
• Mazita anotenderwa nemazita: Kuchengeta mvumo ne mobile IPs kunorwadza; neDDNS unogona kureva mazita evatambi anovandudza otomatiki.
• Ngozi yekushanda shoma: Manual DNS shanduko dzinowanzo kanganisa; kugadzira otomatiki kunochengetedza nguva uye kunodzivirira kubuda.
• Cloud kuenderana: Mugore, maIP eruzhinji anogona kusiyana; DDNS inochengetedza kugadzirisa kwayo pasina kuchengetedza kero dzakagadziriswa.

Njodzi uye kuchengeteka kufunga

Kufanana nechero tekinoroji inobatsira, DDNS inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvisirizvo. Vanorwisa vanogona kugadzirisa domains neDDNS kufambisa zvivakwa zvavo kuraira uye kutonga pakati peIPs uye kunzvenga blacklists inovharira nekero.

Imwe vheji ndeyekunyengedza kwekugadzirisa michina. Kana mhandu ikawana kutonga kwemutengi kana DDNS zvitupa, vanogona kudzosera dura riri pamutemo. yakananga kuseva yemanyepo, inogonesa kunangwa phishing kana kubirwa kwezvitupa.

Mhinduro iri mukusimbisa iyo DNS layer. Zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza zvinofanirwa kuona zvinopinda zvakashata uye kudzivirira iyo DNS chiteshi/protocol uye kupfumisa nehungwaru hwekutyisidzira iwo madomasi anofungidzirwa, kusanganisira ayo anoshandisa DDNS.

Vamwe vagadziri vanowedzera kudzora chaiko. Semuyenzaniso, kutyisidzira maturusi ekuvhima akananga kunzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa uye mafirewall eSME anotsigira DDNS kudoma yavo gedhi uye kuita kuti iwanikwe kunyangwe IP shanduko. Chinokosha ndechekubatanidza kuonekwa, domain-specific blocklists, uye kusimbiswa kwakasimba mukugadzirisa maitiro.

Yemahara uye yakakurumbira DynDNS masevhisi

Pane zvemahara uye zvakabhadharwa sarudzo. Iwo emahara anokwana kune akawanda emumba kana murabhoritari kushandiswaIwo akabhadharwa sarudzo anosanganisira ekuwedzera, rutsigiro, uye tsika domains. Heano anonyanya kufarirwa uye maficha awo ekusiyanisa zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvavo:

Asiri-IP

Yemhando yepamusoro inopa yakaganhurirwa chirongwa chemahara uye mazinga akabhadharwa ane mamwe maficha. Mune yemahara sarudzo iwe unogona kugadzira inosvika kune imwe hostname kune yako ine simba IP, ine yekuvandudza mutengi we Windows, macOS uye Linux.

• Maximum host: 1 pane chirongwa chemahara.
• Tarisa: Iwe unofanirwa kusimbisa zita remugamuchiri mazuva ese makumi matatu kana kuti richadzimwa.
• SSL/TLS: isina kuiswa muchirongwa chemahara.
• Client/API: mutengi anowanikwa kune makuru masisitimu.
• Mutengo wekutanga wekubhadhara: kubva ku $1,99/mwedzi (Enhanced Dynamic DNS) ine 1 hostname uye DV SSL chitupa.

Dhadha DNS

Yakatarisana nekureruka uye kuvanzika, Iyo yemahara zvachose uye inoshanda zvachose pamusoro peHTTPSIyo inobvumira huchokwadi nemaakaundi echitatu-bato (semuenzaniso, GitHub) uye inopa maAPIs ekugadzirisa tsika.

• Maximum host: zvisina kutaurwa; inotsigira akawanda madomasi.
• Tarisa: Izvo hazvidi periodic simbiso.
• SSL/TLS: Hongu, HTTPS chiteshi ine 256-bit chitupa.
• Client/API: API iripo; nhungamiro dzemapuratifomu akawanda.
• Mutengo: 100% yemahara; mipiro inogamuchirwa.

DNS Buda

Mutengi sevhisi yeWindows, Linux, uye macOS. Iyo inokutendera kuti ubatanidze yako IP kero nemadomasi emahara uye inozivisa kuburitswa nekukurumidza kwe90-day SSL zvitupa.

• Maximum host: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Tarisa: zvisina kutaurwa.
• SSL/TLS: Zvitupa zvemahara zvinoshanda kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe.
• Client/API: vatengi kune matatu makuru masisitimu.
• Mutengo: isina kutaurwa kune yekubhadhara layer.

Dynu

Inosanganisira zvose zvakasununguka uye zvakabhadharwa sarudzo. Mune yemahara vhezheni iwe unogona kushandisa subdomain yedynu.com kana yako wega domainMutengi anogadziridza kumashure pasina "kushamisika" mazuva ekupera.

• Maximum host: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Tarisa: isina kuratidzwa se periodic.
• SSL/TLS: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Client/API: vatengi kumapuratifomu akasiyana.
• Mutengo: isina kutsanangurwa nezve chirongwa chekubhadhara chekupinda.

DNS-O-Matic

Haisi iyo DDNS sevhisi pachayo, asi a aggregator inowiriranisa akawanda DDNS maakaundi kamwecheteIzvi zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kana iwe ukashandisa anopfuura mumwe mupi uye usingade kugadzirisa imwe neimwe yakazvimirira.

• Maximum host: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Tarisa: zvisina kutaurwa.
• SSL/TLS: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Client/API: zvisina kutaurwa.
• Mutengo: zvisina kutaurwa.

ChangeIP

Nemahara uye ekutanga sarudzo, inomira kunze kwekuita kwayo uye mutengo unokwanisika muzvirongwa zvakabhadharwa. Inoshandiswa mukuda mapurojekiti uye inozvirumbidza nekukurumidza, kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana..

• Redirects: Iyo yakabhadharwa vhezheni inopa isina muganho; vhezheni yemahara inogumira kuCNAME (kwete URL).
• Kuongorora: Iyo premium chirongwa chinowedzera chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa traffic, domain, uye SSL.
• Mamwe mashoko: mamwe ma parameter uye miganhu isina kutaurwa mune yakabvunzwa sosi.

Kumisikidza DDNS sevhisi: general matanho

Mupi wega wega ane chimiro chake, asi kuyerera kwakafanana. Kutevera iyi rondedzero kuchaita kuti zvive nyore kwauri pane chero chikuva. zvinoenderana:

• Svika webhusaiti yepamutemo yeawasarudza DDNS sevhisi.
• Gadzira account ine ruzivo rwekutanga rwavanokumbira (zita, email, username uye password).
• Simbisa kunyoresa kwako uchishandisa email yauchagamuchira. shandisa account.
• Pinda mukati uye simbisa kuti pani inoziva yako yazvino yeruzhinji IP kero.
• Tsvaga sarudzo yeku gadzira zita idzva remugamuchiri (semuenzaniso, "Gadzira kero itsva yeDynDNS").
• Sarudza zita remugamuchiri uye, kana zvichibvira, iyo port of publication (nekusagadzika kazhinji kacho 80 yeHTTP).
• Sevha iyo gadziriso uye cherechedza mhedzisiro URL/hostname.

Nhanho inotevera ndeyekusarudza kuti kukwidziridzwa kuchaitika kupi. Zvakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa yako wega router kana DDNS mupi wako achiitsigira.Zvikasadaro, isa mutengi wepamutemo paPC inogara iripo. Gadzirisa zita rekushandisa uye chiratidzo/password kuitira kuti itange kuzivisa IP shanduko.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika

Kunyange zvazvo kutumirwa kuri nyore, zvipingamupinyi zvingamuka. Aya ndiwo anonyanya kukanganisa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa nawo pasina kupenga:

• Kaviri NAT (mbiri cascaded routers): Kana ISP yako ikaisa router imwe uye iwe ukashandisa imwe yakasiyana, iyo yeruzhinji IP kero inogona kunge isiri yako mudziyo. Isa iyo ISP's router mu "bhiriji" kana "modem" modhi, kana gadzira DMZ/gedhi reruta yako.
• Zviteshi zvakavharwa neISP: Vamwe vanopa mafirita ports 80/443 kana vamwe. Shambadzira sevhisi pane mamwe machiteshi akadai se8080 kana 8443 uye wozvitumira pane router yako. Ona zviteshi zvakavhurika.
• Iyo yekuvandudza mutengi haisi kubatanidza: Tarisa iyo PC/router firewall kuti uone kuti haisi kuvharira kunze traffic kune iyo DDNS mupi wenzvimbo. Tarisa zvakare zvitupa kana chiratidzo uye iyo frequency yekuvandudza.
• Kukanganisa 911 paNo-IP: Izvi zvinoratidza zvigadziriso zvakawandisa munguva pfupi. Deredza nguva yekutarisa kana kuigonesa. Gadziridza chete kana waona iyo chaiyo IP shanduko.

DDNS inokodzera zvakakwana uko IPs isina kumira: Inoita otomatiki kuenzanisa kwemazita nekero, inorerutsa kuwana kure, uye inoderedza kudzokorora mabasa.Ziva njodzi (kushungurudzwa nevanorwisa uye kubirwa kwemaitiro ekuvandudza), shandisa maitiro akanaka etiweki uye vimba nemupi akavimbika; neizvozvo, unenge uine zita rakagadzikana rinogara richikuendesa kumba, kuhofisi yako kana kune yako sevhisi yegore pasina mutambo.