Digital hutsanana: kuchengetedzeka, kugara zvakanaka uye kurongeka muhupenyu hwako hwepamhepo

Isu tinogara takanamatira kumasikirini uye masevhisi epamhepo uko basa, nhandaro, hukama, uye mari inopindirana, uye pamharadzano iyoyo... Basa redhijitari rinova rakakoshaMitemo uye maturusi ari kubuda, hongu, asi chiitiko chezuva nezuva chinoratidza kuti kuchengetedza kurongeka, chengetedzo, uye kugara zvakanaka paInternet kunoda kugara uye kuziva maitiro.

Sezvo isu tichikwesha mazino edu kana kudzokorora tisina kufunga zvakanyanya, hutsanana hwedhijitari hunofanirwa kuve chikamu cheDNA yemushandisi wese. Iseti ye Maitiro ekudzivirira kuti ugare wakachengeteka, uine hutano, uye chengetedza imba yako yedhijitari yakarongekaZviri nyore kutaura, asi hazvisi nyore kuita nguva dzose ... asi zvakakosha kuchengetedza hupenyu hwedu pachedu, hwemagariro, uye hwehupfumi.

Chii chinonzi digital hygiene uye nei ichikubata iwe?

Kana tichitaura nezvehutsanana hwedhijitari, tiri kutaura nezve maitiro anoita kuti kuvepo kwedu online kwakachengeteka uye kune hutanoIyo inodzivirira, inoenderera, uye inovhara ese ari maviri tekinoroji side (Hardwaresoftware, network) pamwe nemunhu (maitiro, miganhu, kutarisa).

Nehunyanzvi, zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza operating systems, Apps uye up-to-date firmware; kusimbisa passwords; shandisa multi-factor authentication; tarisa kuedza kwe phishinguye shandisa zvishandiso senge antivirus software kana firewall. Zvese zvine chinangwa chimwe chakajeka: Dzivirira kutyorwa, dzivisa kuba data, uye chengetedza zvakavanzika nekuvimbika.

Padanho revanhu, izvi zvinoreva kutonga nguva yescreen, kuderedza kufumurwa zvakanyanya pasocial media, kusarudza nekungwarira zvatinogovana, uye kurima zvekuzvivaraidza kunze kwenyika yedhijitari. Munzvimbo yatinoshanda, kudzidza, uye kushamwaridzana pamhepo, hutsotsi hwepamhepo huri kuwedzera, zvichitiyeuchidza izvozvo zvakawanda zvekubudirira kwe cybersecurity Zvinoenderana nemaitiro emushandisiMuchokwadi, kwakasiyana masosi anoratidza kuti yakatenderedza 80% yekubudirira kwematanho ekudzivirira anoenderana nemaitiro edu ezuva nezuva.

Mbiru dzehutsanana hwedhijitari: kuchengeteka uye hutano

Chengetedzo: Kuchengetedza data nemidziyo

Chengetedzo yepamhepo yakavakirwa pazvisarudzo zvemazuva ese: mapassword akasimba uye akasarudzika esevhisi yega yega, mbiri-nhanho kana yakawanda-nhanho verification, up-to-date updates, uye, pese patinenge tisiri pamba, VPN pane yeruzhinji Wi-Fi networkHaisiwo pfungwa yakanaka kugamuchira zvirevo nemamiriro usina kuzviverenga: ndiko kwaunosarudza kuti ndeipi data yaunotipa uye nechinangwa chei.

Padivi rekutenga, zvakanaka kuti ungoshandisa kadhi rako muzvitoro zvine mukurumbira uye utarise zvakachengeteka zvinongedzo (padlock icon uye https). Mukuwedzera, iva nepurogiramu yakanaka yeantivirus uye firewall yakanyatsogadziriswa, sezvo iyi ndiyo yekutanga mutsara wekudzivirira kurwisa cyberattacks. malware uye kupinda kusina mvumo, kuwedzera kune ronga ongororo yenguva dzose uye chengetedza masiginecha akagadziridzwa.

Iyo router chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Kuchinja zita retiweki uye mapassword akasarudzika, kudzima kupinda kure, kudzikamisa UPnP neWPS, uye kugadzira network yevaenzi kunosimbisa imba yakabatana. Uye kune data rakajeka ... malaptop Uye kune nharembozha, encryption uye yakachengeteka erasure usati watengesa kana kudzokorodza zvishandiso zvakakosha. Dzivisa kubuda uye kuratidzwa zvisina kufanira.

Utano: hutano hwepfungwa uye kuenzanisa

Hutsanana hwedhijitari hunotarisirawo hutano hwako hwepfungwa. Kuisa miganhu pascreen nguva, kudzivirira kutora foni yako kunorara, uye kuremekedza masheti ekutarisa email kana mameseji kunoderedza kuwandisa uye kushushikana. Zvinobatsira kuchengetedza nguva yakatarwa yebasa rega rega uye kwete kugara wakabatikana nezviziviso zvepakarepo.

Kunyanya kuratidzwa pasocial media hakusungirwe: haufanire kugovera miniti yega yega yehupenyu hwako. Kudzvanyirirwa uku kwe'vanoda' kunoshatisa hukama chaihwo uye kunotibvisa kubva kune zvakatipoteredza. Zviri nani kuzvienzanisa nezvinenge zvichivaraidza kunze kwenzvimbo yedhijitari, zviitiko zvemuviri, uye nguva isina skrini. recharge pfungwa dzako nemweya.

Sei zvakakosha: njodzi, hutano, uye mamiriro emagariro

Tekinoroji ishamwari, asi inogona kuve mutambudzi kana tikasaishandisa nekuchenjera. WHO inofungidzira izvozvo 1 pavanomwe vachiri kuyaruka vane makore ari pakati pe10 ne19 anotambura nerumwe rudzi rwechirwere chepfungwaIyi nhamba iri kuwedzera, uye hyperconnectivity inongowedzera. Uyezve, hupenyu hwedu hwepachivande huri kuwedzera kupindirana nehuzivi hwedu hwedhijitari, nenjodzi dzinozotevera kana dziviriro ikatadza.

Iko kukurumidza kuchinja kuenda kubasa kure zvichitevera denda kwakaunza mabhenefiti akakosha, asiwo matambudziko matsva. MuSpain, vangangoita 7,5% yevashandi vanoshanda vari kure kweinenge hafu yezuva ravo rebasa; shanduko huru iyi yakafumura makambani mazhinji nenyanzvi kubiwa kwechokwadi, phishing, uye kusachengeteka kwemusha network zvigadzirisoZvakare, miitiro inoita mutsauko wose.

Uye hazvisi zvese nezvekuchengetedza: pasi zvakare iri panjodzi. Kureruka kwatinoita kugadzira nekuchengetedza data kunotitungamira kuunganidza ruzivo rusina basa rwatisingatomboona. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chakakura kwazvo chedata ratinoburitsa tsvina yedhijitari uye inoenda isina kushandiswa; iyi "marara" isingaoneki inochengetedza masevhisi, mabhapu, uye maseva anodya simba. Ndosaka, Kurongeka kwedhijitari uye kuchena zvakare kuchengetedza.

Maitiro ezuva nezuva anoshanda (uye anogara nekufamba kwenguva)

Tsika yekutanga iri nyore uye ine simba: Usarara nenharembozha yakoKudzivisa kuzvitarisa tisati taenda kunorara uye pakumuka kunoderedza zvinopinda zvisina kunaka (yakajairika email isina nguva kana meseji inokonzeresa pfungwa dzedu) uye inotibatsira kurara.

Izvo zvinobatsirawo kuronga zviitiko zvako zvedhijitari: imwe nguva slot ye email, imwe yekutumira mameseji, uye imwe yesocial media. Kupindura ipapo kunogadzira pfungwa yenhema yekukurumidzira, kana izvo zvine hutano zviri... shanda mumabhuroko ekutarisisaPaunenge uchishanda uri kure, kuseta nguva yekutanga uye yekupedzisira yezuva ndechimwe chipingamupinyi chakakosha kudzivirira nekusaziva kuwedzera maawa ako ekushanda.

Takatarisana nemuedzo wekugovana zvese, mwero ndiyo yakakosha: kugovana zvishoma uye nekuchenjera. Kufumurwa neruzhinji kunotungamira kushushikana mupfungwa uye kunyangwe njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Uye, chokwadi, Tsvaga zviitiko zveanalog kutsiva nguva yescreen: mitambo, kuverenga pamapepa, kufamba, mimhanzi isina nharembozha…

Nezvehutano hwepanyama hwevashandi vari kure, 5-maminetsi ekuona anoputika awa imwe neimwe, ergonomic chair, uye gadget inodzivirira majoini (somuenzaniso, mbeva pad ine rutsigiro) zvese zvinobatsira. Aya ma micro-gesture ayo, pamwechete, Vanodzivirira kuneta uye kukuvara..

Yakakosha Digital Hutsanana Chekutarisa

Mapassword akasimba uye anofambiswa zvakanaka

• Imwe sevhisi yakasiyanaUsashandise imwe yakafanana pamaakaundi akawanda.
• Periodic shanduko yezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvekudzikisa zvinokanganisa kana zvaburitswa.
• Hurefu hudiki hwemavara gumi nemaviri uye zvakanaka zvimwe, kubatanidza mavara makuru, mavara maduku, nhamba uye zviratidzo.
• Dzivisa maitiro ari pachena (1234, 1111) uye nyore kufungidzira ruzivo senge zuva rekuzvarwa kana zita remhuka.
• Chinja mapassword akasarudzika paInternet yezvinhu (IoT) zvishandiso.
• Usazvinongedzera pachena kana kuagovera; kana zvichidiwa, shandisa password maneja kugadzira nekuzvichengeta.

Multi-factor kuvimbiswa (MFA)

• Dzivirira maakaundi akakosha akadai seemail, social media, kana kubhengi neMFA, nekushandisa macode kana biometrics.
• Sevha iyo MFA yekudzoreredza makodhi mune password maneja.

Backups

• Yenguva dzose backups yemafaira akakosha kune gore uye/kana pa kunze hard drive yakabviswa.

Kuvanzika uye kuratidzwa pachena

• Usaburitse data rakavanzika (kero, nhamba yefoni, mapikicha akavanzika kana nhamba dzemakadhi) pachena.
• Ongorora uye gadzirisa iyo Zvirongwa zvekuvanzika pamasocial network.
• Dzivisa mibvunzo nemitambo inokumbira ruzivo rusina basa rwemunhu.
• Wongorora mvumo inopihwa kune yega yega app; zvishoma zvakawanda.
• Chengetedza komputa yako nenharembozha yakakiiwa nePIN kana password.
• Dzivisa kuburitsa zvakavanzika data paunenge uchishandisa yeruzhinji Wi-Fi; kana pasina imwe sarudzo, shandisa VPN.
• Tarisa kuti matransaction anoshandisa https (padlock inooneka).
• Goverana maitiro akanaka ekuvanzika nemhuri neshamwari.

Software inogadziridza uye kuchenesa

• Gadziridza maapplication, mabhurawuza, masisitimu, uye firmware nguva nenguva kuvhara kusasimba.
• Activate the otomatiki matsva pazvinogoneka.
• Uninstall zvausingachashandisi kuderedza nzvimbo yekurwisa.
• Dhawunirodha maapuro chete kubva kune zviri pamutemo uye akavimbika masosi.

Router uye network network

• Chinja zita retiweki yeWi-Fi (SSID) uye zvitupa zvinogara zviripo.
• Chengeta router firmware yakarongedzwa.
• Dzima kupinda kure, UPnP, uye WPS kana zvisina kukosha.
• Gadzira network yakaparadzana yevaenzi.
• Shandisa WPA2 kana WPA3 encryption kuchengetedza traffic.

Social engineering uye trap link

• Usadzvanya pane zvinonyumwira zvinongedzo kana kuvhura na kukahadzika.
• Dzivisa kudhawunirodha zvisingatarisirwe zvakabatanidzwa kuburikidza neemail kana SMS.
• Ngwarira zviziviso zvinovimbisa mari, mibairo, kana zvinoshamisa discounts.

Firewall uye antivirus

• Shandisa firewall kudzivirira kupinda kusingatenderwe kubva paInternet.
• Tarisa uone kuti firewall iripo yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka.
• Isa yemhando yepamusoro antivirus software, ichengetedze yakagadziridzwa, uye rongedza scans.

Chengetedza encryption uye kudzima

• Encrypt laptopsmahwendefa, mbozhanhare, madhiraivha anobvisika, backups uye kuchengetedza mugore rine data inonzwisisika.
• Usati watengesa kana kudzokorodza mudziyo, chengetedza dhisiki: kungobvisa mafaira hakuna kukwana; unofanira zvakare... format uye nyora pamusoro.

Basa rekure uye yakabatana imba: chengetedzo uye hutano

Mubasa riri kure, nzvimbo yekushanda inoshandura kuenda kuimba yekutandarira. Izvi zvinoda Dzivisa network pachenaBatanidza kukambani kuburikidza neVPN uye shandisa password uye MFA marongero kumaakaundi ese emakambani.

Zvishandiso zvepamba zvakabatana (mubatsiri wezwi, koni yemutambo, robhoti vacuum) inofanirwa kugadzirwa nemapassword akasiyana, yakagadziridzwa firmware, uye, kana zvichibvira, yakasarudzika yeWi-Fi network. Kazhinji, shanduko yakapusa yezita rekushandisa uye kudzima sarudzo dzisina kufanira dzivisa zvinoshamisa.

Uye hazvisi zvese nezve cybersecurity: kuchengetedza chibereko, zvinokurudzirwa kuronga 5-maminetsi ekuzorora kweziso awa imwe neimwe, teerera kune ergonomics nechigaro chakakodzera uye zvitsigiro zvinodzivirira maoko ako uye musana. Chinangwa ndechekuchengetedza kuita pasina kupa hutano.

Electronic kurara hutsanana

Hunhu hwedu hwekurara hunotambura patinopedza nguva yekupedzisira yezuva tichisvetuka kubva kuapp kuenda kuapp. Iyo inonzi e-hutsanana nzira inokurudzira kuisa zvidzitiro kure uye Dzima Wi-Fi ingangoita awa imwe isati yaenda kunorara, chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kubvisa pfungwa uye kuremekedza rhythms yekurara.

Kana usingakwanise kuvadzivirira pachine nguva, shandisa mafirita eblue light kana modhi dzehusiku kuti uderedze maitiro avo. Kunyange zvakadaro, chiyero chakanakisisa ndeche chengetedza imba yekurara nzvimbo isina tekinoroji, pasina nharembozha kana mahwendefa, kusimudzira nharaunda inozorodza zvechokwadi.

Chiedza chebhuruu chinodzivisa kugadzirwa kwe melatonin uye kukanganisa wachi yebhaibheri; saka, hutsanana husina kunaka hwemagetsi hunogona kukonzera kuoma kurara, kumuka kwehusiku, uye kuneta pakumuka. Nemaitiro akanaka, huwandu uye hutano hwekurara hunovandudza. kunaka kwekurara kwehusiku.

Kurongeka kwedhijitari uye kusimba: ruzha rushoma, rutsoka rushoma

Munyika yedhijitari, zvinhu "hazvitore nzvimbo" uye zvishandiso zvinogara zvichiwedzera, saka tinounganidza pasina chero sefa. Uyezve, chiitiko chacho hachina kupokana: kugadzira nekuchengetedza hakudi chero kuedza. Tinorasikirwa netsika yokurasa zvisina maturo.

Dambudziko nderekuti chirwere ichi chine simba rekusaonekwa. Isu hatione mhirizhonga sezvatingaite imba ine tsvina, asi iripo uye inorema zvakanyanya: inononoka midziyoIzvi zvinokanganisa kutsvaga uye zvinowedzera kuburitsa kubva mukuchengetedza uye kukopa. Zvizhinji zvezvatinochengeta marara edhijitari ayo hapana achashandisa; saka, ronga kucheneswa nguva dzose (mafaira, mapikicha, mapurogiramu, maemail) akakosha sekuvandudza.

Funga nezvazvo sekugadzirisa motokari: kana ikaitwa nenguva, iyo inomhanya zvakanaka, njodzi dzinoderera, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunoderedzwa. Midziyo yakarongeka uye maprofiles emazuva ano zviratidzo zve... diki kurwisa nzvimbo uye kushomeka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Zvishandiso uye maitiro akanakisa anoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore

Maneja epassword anobvisa chikonzero chekusakwanisa kurangarira magwaro akaoma kunzwisisa; yakasanganiswa neakawanda-factor chokwadi (makodhi kubva kuapp kana biometrics), kuchengetedza kunokwira akati wandeiIperekedze neotomatiki zvigadziriso zvemasisitimu uye zvirongwa zvekuvhara kusasimba nekukurumidza kana zvigamba zvaburitswa.

Firewalls inodzora traffic uye inovhara kusingadiwi kuwana; yakavimbika antivirus software inoona uye inobvisa malware kana chero chinhu chinotsvedza. Rongedza routine scans uye tarisa chenjedzo; zvakare, bvunza vatungamiriri ve Ziva kana yako Android mudziyo wabiwaUye kana iwe uchizobvisa mudziyo, shandisa data erasure software. fomati uye nyora pamusoro the disk; usambopa mudziyo une data rinogona kudzoreredzwa.

Zviyeuchidzo zvidiki otomatiki (karenda kana basa rekushandisa senge NharoZvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira kusimbisa maitiro: kuongorora mavhairasi nguva dzose, kushandura mapassword, kuchenesa hard drive yako, kutarisa mvumo, uye kugadzira backups. Nekudzokorora, hutsanana hwedhijitari hunovandudza. inova tsika uye kwete kuedza.

Mhuri uye tsika yekudzivirira

Digital hutsanana chinhu chinodawo kudzidziswa. Sekudzidzisa kwatinoita vana kukwesha mazino, ipfungwa yakanaka kutanga tsika dzehutsanana kumba. nhungamiro yekushandisa zvine musoro Tekinoroji ine vana nevachiri kuyaruka: skrini nguva, kuremekedza kuvanzika, kusagovana data, uye kukumbira rubatsiro nemameseji asingazivikanwe kana zvinongedzo.

Pane zvirongwa uye bvunzo dzinotibvumidza kuongorora kana isu tinoshandisa tekinoroji zvine hungwaru uye kuona nzvimbo dzekuvandudza. Chinhu chakakosha kutaura, kubvumirana, uye kutsigirana: tsika yekugoverana mumhuri, pakati peshamwari, kana kubasa inowedzera mhedzisiro maitiro akanaka.

Kuita hutsanana hwedhijitari hutsika hunoramba huchiunza kuchengeteka, hukama hwakanaka, uye kurongeka: mapassword akasimba uye MFA, zvigadziriso uye backups, yakanyatsorongedzerwa ma routers uye network, kuvanzika kuri pasi pekutonga, kuderera kweruzha uye kurara zviri nani, uye ziso pakukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza; nenheyo iyoyo, Hupenyu hwako hwepamhepo hunova hwakachengeteka, hune hutano, uye husingachinjiki..