GRUB hairatidze menyu mushure mekushandura GRUB_TIMEOUT: zvikonzero uye mhinduro chaiyo

Paunoshandura kukosha kwe GRUB_TIMEOUT asi menyu ye bhutsu haina kuoneka, manzwiro ndeokuti uri kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu icho system inofuratira. Mukuita, pane kazhinji imwe sarudzo inodzora kupfuura el tiempo kumirira uye saka menyu inoramba yakavanzwa kunyangwe iwe wakagadzirisa faira yekumisikidza nemazvo. Chakakosha kunzwisisa kuti GRUB_TIMEOUT neGRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE zvinodyidzana sei., uye mukushandisa shanduko zvisina njodzi.

Muchinyorwa chino iwe unowana yakajeka uye yakadzama tsananguro yekugadzirisa iyo yakajairwa nyaya ye "GRUB menyu haioneke kana ichichinja GRUB_TIMEOUT". Isu tichaongorora iyo /etc/default/grub faira, isu tichakurukura zvenhaka zvinosiyana izvo zvichiri kupinda munzira, pfuura yakakosha nguva yekupedza tsika, uye iwe uchaona zvakare graphical imwe nzira neGrub Customizer kana iwe uchida kusabata iyo console. Taisawo diagnostic solutions kana dambudziko rikaramba riri pamakomputa ane graphics Intel kana mamwe mamiriro chaiwo.

Sei menyu yeGRUB isingaoneke kunyangwe ndikachinja GRUB_TIMEOUT?

Chinhu chekutanga kunzwisisa icho GRUB_TIMEOUT haisarudze yega kuti menyu inoratidzwa here. Kuonekwa kwemenu kunonyanya kudzorwa ne GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE, iyo inogona kugadzirwa se hidden (zvakavanzika) kana menu (show menyu). Kana uri mukati hidden, nguva inopfuura "mumumvuri" uye, naizvozvo, iwe hausi kuona urongwa hwezvirongwa kana cores. Kuseta GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 hakuzoite kuti menyu ioneke si GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE inoramba yakavanzwa.

Mune masisitimu emazuva ano, mamiriro akakodzera ari mukati /etc/default/grub. Kana iwe uchida kuona iyo menyu, ita shuwa kuti GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menyu. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kana uchida chinja boot kuraira mune mbiri-bhutsu zvigadziriso. Zvikasadaro, kunyangwe ukaisa nguva ine rupo, mushandisi haaone chero chinhu pachiratidziri. Iyi seti ndiyo inonyanya kutariswa paunochinja chete GRUB_TIMEOUT wobva waona kuti hapana zvazvinoita.

Zvakakodzera kuyeuka zvakakosha de GRUB_TIMEOUT: kana waisa 0, iyo system boots pakarepo pasina kuratidza menyu zvachose; kana ukaisa -1, charger achamirira nokusingaperi kusarudza kupinda. Mukuwedzera, mukugovera kwakawanda kukosha GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 ndiyo yakasarudzika, zvichireva kuti kana menyu ikaratidzwa, sarudzo yakasarudzika inosarudzwa mushure memasekonzi mashanu ekusaita. Kusarudza kukosha kwakakodzera Izvo zvinoenderana nekuti iwe unoda kupindirana here kana auto-kutanga.

Pamichina ye-single-OS, kumwe kugoverwa kunogadzirisa bhutsu kuitira kuti menyu irege kuratidzwa nekukasira. Izvi nemaune kurerutsa ruzivo rwevatsva, asi vashandisi vepamberi vanosarudza kuona menyu kuti vasarudze kernels dzakakura kana kuwana sarudzo dzepamberi. Muzviitiko izvi, kuisa GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu uye a GRUB_TIMEOUT yakakura kudarika zero inowanzokwana. Kana iwe hausati waona chinhu, ongorora zvakagarwa nhaka zvatakakurukura pazasi.

Nhoroondo, mamwe magadzirirwo aisanganisira GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT y GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET. Mitsetse iyi inogona viga menyu chinyararire uye ukanzure chinangwa chako chekuchiratidza nacho GRUB_TIMEOUT. Kana ukavawana, chinhu chinonyanya kushanda ndechekutaura nezvavo nekuvasuma nehunhu # kuitira kuti vasashande. Nenzira iyi unodzivisa kusawirirana ine yemazuva ano GRUB logic; kana ukasvika padanho rakakosha unogona kufarirawo kuti sei gadzirisa GRUB kununura kana charger isingatangike.

Pakupedzisira, usakanganwa kuti mushure mekuchinja kupi /etc/default/grub unofanira gadzira patsva gadziriso achimhanya sudo update-grub. Uyu murairo unogadzirisa iyo inoshanda yekumisikidza faira kubva pane zvaunofarira. Kana iwe ukasvetuka danho iri, iwe hauzooni chero mhedzisiro paunotangazve, kunyangwe iwe wakagadzirisa zvese nemazvo; zvakanakawo kuziva mienzaniso inoshanda ye efibootmgr kana ukashanda neUEFI zvinyorwa.

Kurumidza kutarisa kweiyo /etc/default/grub faira

Vhura iyo faira yekumisikidza neyako yaunofarira edhita uye maneja ropafadzo. PaGNOME masisitimu, unogona kushandisa gnome-text-editor o gedit, uye hongu iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza nano kana vim. Mienzaniso miviri yakanakira ingava: sudo gnome-text-editor /etc/default/grub o sudo gedit / etc / default / grub, zvichienderana nezvawakaisa.

sudo gnome-text-editor /etc/default/grub
# o bien
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Kana wangovhurwa, tsvaga mutsara GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE. Kana zvakadaro hidden, chinja kuti menyu. Zvadaro tarisa nguva uye kukosha kwakakosha kwawakaisa. Muenzaniso we block block zvinogona kuva zvinotevera:

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT='quiet splash'
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=''

Cherechedza kuti mitsetse GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT y GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET anogona kumanikidza kunyarara. Kana iwe uchida kuve nechokwadi chekuti unoona menyu, siya yokutanga yataurwa sepamuenzaniso. Uyezve, kana uchida, chinja GRUB_TIMEOUT a -1 ichabvumira iyo menyu kuti irambe yakamiswa nekusingaperi. Inobatsira kumidziyo yerabhoritari kana kuongorora matambudziko ekutanga.

Sevha shanduko uye mhanyisa iyo GRUB kuvakazve. Pasina nhanho iyi, sezvatakataura, sisitimu icharamba ichishandisa yakapfuura gadziriso, uye dhizaini yako ichaita senge isina basa. Murairo wakakosha es:

sudo update-grub

Kana wapedza, tangazve kuti uone. Pamakomputa mazhinji, unogona kumanikidza menyu kuti ioneke panguva yebhutsu nekubata kiyi. kusuduruka mune masisitimu ane Bios nhaka kana kiyi Esc pamakomputa ane UEFI, inoshanda chaizvo pakuyedza. Kana mushure meizvi hazvioneki, enderera nechikamu chekugadzirisa matambudziko; uye kana uri kushanda neEFI firmware, unogona kutarisa kuti sei shandisa UEFI shell kuitira kuongororwa kwepamusoro.

GRUB2 vs GRUB Nhaka: Kwekupi Kuchinja Nguva Yekupera

Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yekugovera ikozvino inoshandiswa GRUB2, asi kuchine maitiro ekare ane GRUB Legacy. Kuziva kuti ndeipi vhezheni yaunayo iri nyore: enda ku /boot/grub uye ona kana ichionekwa grub.cfg (GRUB2) kana, panzvimbo pezvo, menu.lst (Nhaka). Iyi tsanangudzo inosarudza iyo faira uye makiyi ekugadzirisa aunoda kugadzirisa.

MuGRUB2, sezvataona, zvido zvinogara mukati /etc/default/grub, uye kuyerera chaiko ndiko edit, save, wobva wamhanya sudo update-grub kuti faira riitwezve grub.cfg. Iyi nzira ndiyo inokurudzirwa neGRUB zvinyorwa uye nevakawanda Debian uye Ubuntu based distributions.

Kana, zvakadaro, system yako inoshandisa GRUB Legacy, nguva yekubuda iri mufaira menu.lst. Iwe unongofanirwa kuigadzirisa semutongi ane graphical kana terminal uye gadzirisa rairo timeout. Muenzaniso wemutsetse wakajairika zvaizova:

timeout 10

Sevha uye tangazve kushandisa shanduko. Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kuita mashoma, zvinobatsira kuzviziva kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika. Kana usina chokwadi, tarisa kuvepo kwemafaira ataurwa uye ita zvinoenderana nekudzivisa kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzisina kunaka; mune zvimwe zviitiko zvingave zvakakodzera dzosa iyo yekutanga Windows bootloader kana kuiswa kwekare kwakaisa mumwe maneja.

Shandisa uye gadzirisa menyu neGrub Customizer (graphical interface)

Kana iwe uchida kudzivirira iyo console, iwe unayo Grub Customizer, chishandiso chine graphical chinoita kuti zvive nyore kubata iyo boot menyu muGRUB2 uye Burg. Nayo, unogona kuratidza kana kuvanza menyu, shandura marongero ezvinyorwa, shandura iyo yakasarudzika sarudzo, gadzirisa nguva yekumirira, uye kunyange kugadzirisa mavara uye kumashure mifananidzo. Inoshanda zvikuru paunenge uchitsvaga nyaradzo uye kutonga kwekuona.

PaUbuntu uye zvinobva (zvakadai se Linux Mint), unogona kuiisa kubva kune yayo yepamutemo PPA. The rairo kuita zviri nyore uye unogona kupinda nazvo imwe mushure meimwe mune terminal. Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa mapakeji iyo inoiswa uye yakasimbiswa kana system ichikumbira.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt update
sudo apt install grub-customizer

Mushure mekuisa, vhura iyo kubva kune iyo application menyu. Iwe uchawana matatu makuru ma tabo: Nyora zvinyorwa, Kugadziriswa kwakawanda y Zvirongwa zvekuonekwaMuGeneral tab, unogona kusarudza kuoneka kwemenu uye gadzirisa nguva yekumirira. Usakanganwa kudzvanya Save kushandisa shanduko, uye kurodhazve zvigadziriso kana chishandiso chazvikurudzira.

Mune iyo rondedzero tebhu, unogona kupa zita, kudzima, kana kurongedzerazve zvinyorwa nekudzvanya-kurudyi, uye shandura font, mavara, kana kumashure. Pane zvakare chikamu che Zvirongwa zvepamberi iyo inofumura hunhu hwakadai GRUB_DEFAULT, GRUB_TIMEOUT o GRUB_MENU_PICTURE. Bata nokungwarira kana usiri kujairana neimwe parameter.

Matambudziko akajairika uye mhinduro dzinoshanda

Kana wagadzirisa GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE y GRUB_TIMEOUT uye zvakadaro menyu haisati yaonekwa, funga nezvezvikonzero zvine chekuita nazvo graphics kana vhidhiyo modhi. Pane mamwe makomputa ane Intel HD Graphics, wedzera kernel parameter i915.modeset=1 yakabatsira kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuratidzira panguva yebhutsu. Pfungwa ndeyekudzikamisa iyo graphic mode iyo inoshandisa GRUB uye kernel pakutanga boot.

Kuti uiedze, gadzirisa /etc/default/grub uye wedzera iyo parameter mukati GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT pamwe nevamwe vauinavo kare (semuenzaniso, quiet splash) Mukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kudzoka GRUB_GFXMODE a motokari kana iwe wakaita kuti amanikidzwe mune imwe sarudzo. Muenzaniso zvaizotaridzika sei:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT='i915.modeset=1 quiet splash'
GRUB_GFXMODE=auto

Sevha, mhanya sudo update-grub uye reboot kuti uone kana menyu yave kuratidzwa nemazvo. Kana iwe usingaoni kuvandudzwa, inobvisa parameter i915.modeset kuisiya sezvazvaive uye kudzorera GRUB zvakare. PaManjaro-based system, vamwe vashandisi vanosarudza kudzosera madhiraivha emakadhi nechishandiso mhwd Mushure mekutora GRUB, uchishandisa rairo senge sudo mhwd -a pci yemahara 0300. Danho iri rakanangana yeiyo ecosystem uye haishande kune ese kugovera. Zvakakoshawo kuongorora matambudziko anobva kubva Chengetedza Boot uye UEFI izvo zvinogona kudzivirira maloader asina kusaina kushanda nemazvo.

Imwezve sosi yekuvhiringidzika kukanganwa kuti, ne GRUB_TIMEOUT=0, kunyangwe nemaitiro mukati menu, bhutsu ichave pakarepo uye hapana chauchaona. Simudza kukosha ikoko 5, 10, kana 15 seconds (zvichienderana nezvaunoda) kuti uzvipe nzvimbo yekufambisa. Uye kana iwe uri kuongorora dambudziko chairo, GRUB_TIMEOUT=-1 Zvinogona kunge zvakakunakira nekuti zvinomanikidza kumirira kusingagumi kusvikira wasarudza.

Kana iwe uine akawanda kernels akaiswa, yeuka kuti mu "Advanced Options" chikamu cheiyo GRUB menyu, unogona kusarudza yekare kernel kana iyo yekupedzisira iri kukupa matambudziko nemutyairi kana module. Kugovera kwakawanda kunochengeta kernels dzakawanda chaizvo kumakesi aya. Semuenzaniso, kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka nekernel nyowani, unogona kubhutsu neyakapfuura kusvika waisa gadziriso kana kudzorera mutyairi. Inzira huru yehupenyu kana shanduko ichangobva kuitika ichityora chimwe chinhu.

Chekupedzisira, dzivisa kupisa-inobata michina yekugadzira: iyo yakanaka ndeye bvunzo shanduko pamushini chaiwo kana munzvimbo inodzorwa, simbisa kuti unowana maitiro aunoda, wozoidzosera kuchikwata chako chepakati. Kanganiso kadiki kesintakisi mufaira inogona kuomesa kutanga-up kana ukasazviona nenguva.

GRUB_TIMEOUT kukosha uye maitiro avo chaiwo

Kudzokorora chaizvo: GRUB_TIMEOUT = 0 inokonzera pakarepo boot pasina kuratidza menyu; GRUB_TIMEOUT=-1 inochengeta menyu pachiratidziro nekusingaperi; uye chero positive integer Seta nhamba yemasekonzi iyo menyu inoramba ichionekwa usati wasarudza yakasarudzika sarudzo. Iko kukosha kwekutanga kunowanzo kuve 5 mukugoverwa kwakawanda.

Chimwe chikamu chepuzzle ndeichi GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE. With menu, iyo menyu inoratidzwa uye nguva inoverengera pasi pachiratidziri; pamwe hidden, nguva inomhanya yakavanda. Kana iwe uchida kugara uchiona menyu, isa menu. Kana uchida kuzvivanza asi ipa hwindo rekudzvanya kiyi, unogona kutamba nayo hidden uye nguva yakakura kupfuura zero, kunyangwe nzira yakananga yekubvisa iri kushandisa menu uye nguva yakanaka.

Uyewo yeuka kuti mamwe masara echinyakare magadzirirwo ane GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT zvinogona kukanganisa. Comment navo ne# Iyo tsika yakachengeteka kudzivirira kuti irege kukonzereswa kana kugovera kwako kuchiri kuvaverenga neimwe nzira. Kazhinji, gadziriro yemazuva ano inotarisa / etc / default / grub uye mukuvandudza na update-grub.

Ratidza iyo-inoda menyu panguva yebhutsu

Kunyangwe nemenu yakavanzika, akawanda mabhodhi uye firmwares anobvumira manikidza kutaridzika kwayo nekiyi. Muchinyakare BIOS masisitimu, bata pasi kiyi kusuduruka pakarepo mushure meBIOS skrini; pamakomputa eUEFI, inowanzoshanda Esc. Mano aya anobatsira chaizvo apo iwe usingadi kushandura zvachose zvigadziriso asi unoda dzimwe nguva kuwana sarudzo dzepamusoro.

Kana ikasashanda kekutanga, edza kutangazve uye kudzvanya kiyi nguva pfupi yapfuura. nguva chaiyo iyo inofanira kuchengetedzwa inogona kusiyana kubva kune rimwe boka kuenda kune rimwe. Ita kuti zvigadziriswe zvakajeka GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu Ichiri mhinduro yakachena kwazvo, asi iyi nzira yekudimbudzira inogona kukubvisa panzvimbo yakaoma. Usazvitongesa kana iwe uchida nekukurumidza kuisa kernel yekare kana kudzoreredza modhi.

Reference uye mamwe magwaro

Kuti uende zvakadzika mukumisikidzwa, izvo zvinosiyana zviripo uye syntax yavo, unogona kubvunza iyo GRUB Texinfo bhuku muchikamu. (grub) Pamusoro> Configuration> Kugadziriswa kwakapusa. Ndiko kunobva pamutemo uye zvichakubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti sei mamwe masanganiswa achishanda nenzira yaanoita, pamwe nekuvhara sarudzo dzisina kujairika dzatisingawanzo kubata zuva nezuva.

Uye yeuka: kana mushure mekugadzirisa /etc/default/grub shanduko hadzina kuratidzwa, ndapota simbisa kuti waita sudo update-grub hapana kukanganisa uye yakatangazve. Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, tarisa vhidhiyo parameters, mapindiro etsika, uye kuvapo kwemafaira anoratidza kana uri kushandisa GRUB2 kana Legacy in /boot/grub. A methodical verification kazhinji inogadzirisa 99% yematambudziko.

Iwe unotoziva kumanikidza kuoneka kwemenu, gadzirisa nguva yekumirira sezvaunoda, uye zvekuita kana pasina chichiita sechinoshanda. Kubva pakuseta GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE uye zvakakosha Kubva pakushandisa Grub Customizer kuenda ku-tuning-tuning vhidhiyo paramita, iwe une yakazara yakazara mhinduro pamunwe wako kuti utore iyo GRUB menyu idzokere kune yakajairika pese paunoda.