- Iyo digitaalinen euro inovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderera kwemitengo, asi inofumura njodzi dzekuvanzika, kutonga, uye kubhengi kusapindirana.
- Dhizaini yayo (muganho, hapana mubairo, kuvanzika kwehunyanzvi) kwakakosha uye kuchiri kusiya mibvunzo inonetsa vagari nemabhangi.
- Pane dzimwe nzira: pan-European kubhadhara pakarepo, kukwikwidza uye hutongi hwetekinoroji pasina kubaira mari kana yakawandisa centralization.
Gakava pamusoro peiyo digitaalinen euro rapinda muhurukuro yeruzhinji nesimba risingatarisirwe, richiisa vatsigiri vekuvandudza mubhadharo kune avo vanotya kukwevera kune kutonga uye kurasikirwa nerusununguko. Pakati pemakakatanwa pane makakatanwa ari pakati pekuita basa nekuvanzika.: vimbiso yekubhadhara ipapo uye yakachipa maringe ne njodzi yekutarisa uye centralization yesimba remari.
Kusagutsikana kuzhinji kweruzhinji kunobva mukunzwa kwe regulatory acceleration uye kushaikwa kwemhinduro dziri nyore kumibvunzo yepamutemo. Nyaya dzakaita sekuti ndiyani achaona kutengeserana kwedu, ndeipi miganho ichave iripo, kana kuti mari icharasikirwa nenzvimbo yayo Ivo vanoramba vakavhurika, uye nzira iyo ruzivo rwakagadzirwa ichaita mutsauko pakati pekuvandudza kunobatsira kune yekubhadhara system uye chishandiso chekudzora chine mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.
Chii chinonzi digitaalinen euro uye chii chisiri
Mari yebhangi yedhijitari, kana CBDC, haina kufanana nemari yakavanzika yemagetsi yatinotoshandisa zuva nezuva nemakadhi, Apps kana kutamiswa. Iyo digitaalinen euro inenge iri mutoro wakananga weEuropean Central Bank.Yaizowanikwa kune vanhu nemabhizinesi uye yaizotenderera padivi pemabhengi nemari yesimbi: 1 yedhijitari euro inenge yakaenzana ne1 yemuviri euro. Icho chingave chisiri chigadzirwa chekuchengetedza kana mari; kutaura zvazviri, rakagadzirirwa kuti rive risingabereki-kubereka kudzivirira makwikwi nemadhipoziti ebhangi.
Iyo dhizaini yakaongororwa neEurosystem inofunga modhi ine kupindirana: Iyo ECB haidi kubata mazana emamiriyoni evatengiNaizvozvo, mabhangi nevamwe vanopa vaizoramba vachipa iyo sevhisi layer. Zvakare, basa ririkuenderera mberi pakubhadhara pasina Indaneti uye otomatiki epamusoro-pamusoro uye epamusoro-maitiro ekuona kushandiswa kusina musono kunyangwe paine muganho wekubata.
Muganho iwoyo wakakosha pakudzikisa njodzi mumabhangi ekutengesa. Muganho pamunhu uye otomatiki kutamisa mitemo yakatariswa.Kana iwe ukagamuchira mubhadharo unokusundidzira iwe pamusoro pemuganho, iyo yakawandisa inoenda kune yakabatana kubhadhara account; kana iwe uchida kubhadhara kupfuura yako dhijitari bharari, yekutanga-up-up inogadzirisa mutsauko. Chinangwa chakataurwa ndechekuti hapana achave nemubhadharo wakarambwa nekuda kwekudarika chikumbaridzo.
Chimwe chinhu chinonzwisa tsitsi ndechekuronga. Zvinyorwa zvepamutemo uye kujekeswa kwataura nezvesarudzo uye ine mashoma ane mamiriro ekuita. Pfungwa yemari inorongwa, mazuva ekupera kwenguva, kana kubhadhara kune zvimiso Iyo yaizovhura bhokisi rekushandisa rine simba rekushandisa kwebhizinesi, asi zvakare inomutsa kushushikana pamusoro pekugona kwayo kudzoreredza rusununguko kana chiyero chayo chakawedzerwa munguva dzekutonga "kukurumidzira" kana dambudziko.
Sei mugari uye gakava rezvematongerwo enyika riri kutanga?
Muhurukuro yavose, maonero anopikisana anooneka. Vamwe, mushure mekunzwa vakuru vebhanga guru renyika vachidzivirira chirongwa ichi, vanobvumirana nemakakatanwa avo, asi vozosangana nekupikisa kukuru muchikamu chemashoko. Kuita kweruzhinji kunosanganisa kushushikana nezve kuvanzika nekutya kuwedzera kutongaNdichiri kushoropodza kukurumidza kwemasangano kusundira chiridzwa icho chisati chanyatsojeka kune vakawanda vashandisi.
Kune vagari "vanoshanda" avo, kunyangwe vachidzivirira zvisungo zvekugamuchira mabhengi nemari, vanobvuma kuti euro yedhijitari inogona kugadzirisa matambudziko emari iripo yemagetsi: kushoma kutsamira pane yebhangi oligopoly uye kadhi networkYakaderedzwa mubhadharo uye kupokana, uye kupera kwekunzwa kuti madhipoziti ari kukweretwa kumashure kwako pasina kutarisirwa. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vanoyambira kuti dhijitari, nedhizaini, haina kumbobvira yakavanzika semari.
Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo usina kugadzikana: kana iyo digitaalinen euro inovimbisa kuderedza mutengo uye kuvhura makwikwi, nei paine kuramba kwakawanda kwevanhu? Vazhinji vanotya kuongororwa kukuru kwemari, kushandiswa kwekugona kwe programming kudzora mashandisirwo emari kana kumisa mazuva ekupera, uye kumashure kwekuwedzera kwemari nekupfuura cheki uye zviyero zvebhangi system. Vamwe vanofungidzira pesvedzero yemapuratifomu makuru etekinoroji uye yepakati iyo yakaoma kudzosera kumashure.
Zvematongerwo enyika hazvina kwazvakarerekera pano. Dzimwe hurumende nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika vakaratidza rutsigiro rwakasimba uye mavhotiNevatungamiri vachishora maCBDC se "hudzvinyiriri hwemari" uye masimba anomisa zvipingamupinyi zvemutemo, vanotsigira chirongwa ichi vanopokana kuti Europe haikwanise kusarira kumashure mukutarisana nedhijitari yepasi rose, kunyangwe hupfumi hwepamusoro seSwitzerland neUK vakasarudza kungwarira.
Benefits inofungidzirwa pairi: kushanda zvakanaka, mari uye kubatanidzwa
Vanokurudzira vanonongedzera kune zvakanakira zvinobatika. Yokutanga inobudirira. Pedyo-pakarepo kubhadhara, inowanikwa munzvimbo yese yeeuro, yakabatanidzwa munharembozha uye maapplicationUye nerutsigiro rwemabasa ekunze, vanovimbisa kuvandudzwa kwechokwadi pamusoro pechinyakare kutamiswa izvo zvichiri kutora maawa kana mazuva mune mamwe mamiriro.
Mukutaura kwemitengo, tarisiro yakajeka: kana chikamu chekutengeserana chichigadziriswa mu zvivakwa zvevanhu, Matanho epakati uye akavanzika network mubhadharo wakaderedzwaMari yemagariro emari (kudhinda, kutakura, kuchengetedza) inodonhawo, sezvo mabhizimisi uye vagari vanowana nzira dzekubhadhara dzakachipa uye dzinofungidzirwa.
Kubatanidzwa kwemari ndiyo imwe mbiru. Nzira yekubhadhara inowanikwa pasi rose, inotsigirwa nebhanga guru renyika, Zvaizobvumira kutora chikamu muhupfumi hwedhijitari pasina kuenderana nemasangano akazvimirira.kunyanya kumaruwa kana kumapoka ane mikana iri kudzikira yekubatsira mabhanga. Dambudziko nderekuona kuti magadzirirwo ayo haasiye avo vasingagare vachishandisa mafoni efoni kana internet.
Mukuchengetedza, chivakwa chinokumbirwa nacho yakakwirira-level encryption uye authentication. Chinangwa ndechekusimudza bara pamusoro pekubiridzira uye cyberattacks.kupa hupfumi hwakasimba hwekubhadhara. Uyezve, semari yebhanga repakati, yaizoshanda sechitsigiso munguva dzenhamo, kuchengetedza kuenderera kwekubhadhara kana node muhurongwa hwakazvimirira hukatadza.
Vatsigiri vanowedzera kuti euro yedhijitari inogona kuwedzera hunyanzvi. Fintechs, mabhangi, uye vanogadzira vaizotora mukana wezvikamu zvitsva zvezvivakwa kugadzira masevhisi, kukwikwidza uye kupa mhinduro dziri nani dzekuunganidza, kiredhiti kana kuchengetedza, kufambisa digitization yejira rinogadzira.
Pakupedzisira, iyo monetary policy angle inotariswa. Zvishandiso zvekugovera zvakananga kukurudzira kana zvimwe zvakanatswa kutapurirana kwemitengo yemubereko, Kunyangwe kukakavara, vaizopa ECB mamwe maturusi.Pano, zvakadaro, yambiro inobvumirana: kana ikashandiswa zvisizvo, maturusi aya anogona kukanganisa rusununguko kana kukanganisa musika wechikwereti.
Njodzi nemhedzisiro: kuvanzika, kuongorora, uye kubhengi
Takatarisana nemufananidzo wemabhenefiti, yambiro dzakasimba. Kusiyana nemari, dhijitari yega yega yedhijitari inosiya trace. A CBDC inopa masimba emari akazara uye akananga kuwana mubhadharo uye zviyeroIzvi zvinogona, mukuita, kubvumira kuongororwa kana kudzikiswa kwemaitiro emari anoonekwa seasingafadzi. Nhoroondo yezvinodzora "zvisingasiyiwi" panguva dzenhamo inokurudzira kusavimba.
Kurongeka kunowedzera imwe nhanho inonzwisisika: kubhadhara kune mamiriro, kushandiswa kusingabvumirwe nechikamu, kunyangwe mazuva ekupera. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kunorambidzwa kune bhizinesi rebhizimisi kunovimbiswaKungovapo kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hunovhura musuwo wekuwedzera mune ramangwana. Avo vanotya kutonga kwenyika vanoona izvi senhanganyaya yekuongororwa kwemari, zvisinei kuti ingani dziviriro dzakaziviswa.
Padanho rakakura, chinonetsa ndechekuti euro yedhijitari ichabvisa cheki dzechinyakare uye zviyero. Kana bhangi repakati richikwanisa kuwedzera mari inopihwa nekupfuura nevamiririMiganho pakushandiswa kwemari neruzhinji inogona kudzikiswa, paine njodzi dzekukwira kwemitengo uye kuranga kwemari. Chikwereti chakavanzika chinogonawo kubviswa, uye kupindirana kwebhangi kunogona kutambura.
Kumabhanga ekutengeserana, kurova kwaizove kwakapetwa kaviri. Munguva dzakajairika, mamwe mabhadharo uye madhipoziti aienda kune imwe njodzi isina njodzi inochengetwa neveruzhinji, kuderedza mari kubva kumakomisheni uye ruzivo rwevatengi zvakakosha pakupa chikwereti. Munguva dzekushushikana, hutiziro hwepakati pemabhangi maakaundi hwaizowedzera dhipoziti kubuda, kuchipisa dhijitari bhangi inomhanya uye njodzi yekugadzikana.
Kune zvakare yemakwikwi uye changamire angle. Digitalization inotarisana ne "anokunda-anotora-zvese" modhi, kunyanya kana mapuratifomu epasirese anodzora kubhadhara mubhadharo. Kana Europe ichivimba neasiri eEuropean matekinoroji kumhanyisa mari yayo yedhijitariKuzvitonga kunodiwa zvakanyanya kunogona kuve kusagadzikana. Uye, kana dhizaini ichisundira kune imwe centralization, kune njodzi yekumisa makwikwi pane kuisimudzira.
Zvematongerwo enyika hazvibatsirewo. Mharidzo nezve kukurumidza nekuti "democracy inonoka" yaunza backlash. Kumhanya kwemutemo, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushomeka kukuru uye kusawirirana kwezvikwereti Mune dzimwe nyika, izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu vafungidzirwe kuti pari kutsvagwa nzira yekudimbudzira kuti veruzhinji vawane mari. Vazhinji vanorangarira zvikamu zvemibairo yakaipa uye kutenga kukuru kwemidziyo kwakatokanganisa danho rekugadzikana.
Zvinotaurwa nevatongi: dhiyabhorosi ari mune zvakadzama
Pakati pevakavaka purojekiti, pane kusimbiswa kwakasimba pane dhizaini sechinhu chinotaridza mugumisiro. Zvinyorwa mukati meECB zvakasimbisa kuti chikuru kukurudzira chingave batanidza kuchengetedzeka kwemari yebhangi repakati nekureruka kwedhijitari, uchifunga nezvezvido zvevashandisi, asi uchichenjerera kusabvisa hurongwa hwemari.
Anonyanya kutaurwa anogona "dziviriro" akawanda. Deredza nhamba yega yega mushandisi anogona kuva nayo kuve nechokwadi chekuti CBDC haisi mota yekudyara; kuunza mibairo ine nhanho uye zvirango zviri pamusoro pedzimwe mari; chengetedza kuti mabhangi nePSPs vanogadzirisa hukama hwevatengi; uye kusimbisa kuvanzika kwehunyanzvi kusvika pamwero unobvumidzwa nemitemo inopesana nekubira mari.
Njodzi dzepasi rose dzinoratidzwawo. Iyo yakanyanyisa mvura uye inowanikwa yedhijitari euro inogona kushandiswa zvisina mwero nevanoita mari kunze kwenyika. mukuvhundutsa kwepasi rose, kuyerera kunowedzera uye kusawiriranaNaizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvisaite senzvimbo yakachengeteka yevasiri vagari uye kuisa pfungwa pakubhadhara kwekutengesa.
Panyaya yekuvanzika, meseji yepamutemo ndeimwe yedziviriro yakakwidziridzwa, iine kusazivikanwa mukubhadhara kudiki uye pasi pekutonga kwakasimba kwekuwana data. Nekudaro, netsanangudzo, dhijitari system inosiya metadataUye kuvimba kwehunyengeri mune ramangwana zvipikirwa zvinopokana neruzivo rwekuwedzera kwekutonga mushure me "zvisirizvo" zvinova zvakajairika.
Kudzivirira mari uye zvinonetsa munharaunda
Masangano evatengi uye mapuratifomu e-pro-cash asimudza bar kuti iongororwe. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitika dzinoratidza kuti ruzhinji rwenyika dzakaita seSpain inoramba kukurumidza kuitwa kweiyo digital eurochaizvo nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi nezvechinangwa chayo, vimbiso dzerusununguko uye kuvanzika, uye nekuda kwekutya kuti mari icharasikirwa nekuita.
Mapoka akaita saDenaria anosimbisa kuti mari haisi nyaya, asi mbiru yekubatanidzwa. Vanhu vakwegura, vanhu vakaremara, vagari venzvimbo dzisina vanhu kana vakadzi vekumaruwa Vanotsamira pazviri kuti vatore chikamu muhupenyu hwehupfumi. Kuparara kwemapazi nemaATM kuri kuwedzera dambudziko iri, uye dzimwe nzira dziri kukurudzirwa kuti mari yemabhanga nemari iwanikwe munyika yose.
Miganho inotemerwa pakubhadhara mari inoshoropodzwa, senge yakaderera macaps mune dzimwe nyika kana kurambidzwa kwerendi. matanho anoonekwa seanosarura uye asingashande pakubiridziraData yeCybercrime inoratidza kuti hutsotsi hukuru hunoitika munzvimbo dzedhijitari, saka kubatanidza mari nekuparwa kwemhosva kungave chirevo chechinyakare.
Kubva pamaonero aya, euro yedhijitari yaizongotenderwa chete kana zviri pamutemo uye dhizaini ichivimbisa kuvanzika kwakasimba, rusununguko rwekusarudza, uye kubata kwakaenzana nemariZvikasadaro, kungwara kunokurudzirwa, nguva dzekupedzisira dzinofanira kunonoka, uye hurongwa hwekubhadhara huripo hunofanirwa kutanga hwasimbiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo pasina kugadzira makuru.
Zvidzidzo zvepasi rose: kungwara mune advanced democracy
Kutarisa kune dzimwe nyika, mareferensi ari kutaura. MuUnited States, gakava rakazadzikiswa mukusatenda kwakapararira kune pfungwa yeCBDC. nematanho emutemo ekudzikamisa kana kudzivirira kuburitswa kwayo uye vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vakazvirondedzera setyisidziro kurusununguko rwemari. Mukuita, hurongwa hwakasarudza kusimbisa makwikwi ega uye kubhadhara pakarepo.
Switzerland, ine tsika yekuvanzika kwebhangi uye kuzvitonga, yakasarudza kusavhura retail digital franc. Iyo UK iri kudzidza iyo digital pondo pasina kukurumidza.Kugadzirisa njodzi uye kuchengetedza nzira. Mhosva idzi dzinoratidza kuti innovation haidi kukurumidza uye kuti kudzivirira mari kunogona kugarisana nekuvandudza kubhadhara.
China inoshanda seyambiro kune avo vanokoshesa rusununguko rwevanhu. Ikoko, iyo yuan yedhijitari inopa nyika kuwana kusati kwamboitika kune kutengeserana. nekugona kupa mubairo kana kuranga maitiroKunyange zvazvo Europe ichiomerera pane dzimwe dziviriro dzakasimba, mufananidzo wehurongwa hwekutonga kwevanhu hunorema zvikuru pakuona kwevanhu.
Zvandaigona kugadzirisa nezvandakanga ndisingakwanisi: kubvisa kusanzwisisana
Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa dhijitari euro inogona kudzikisa mubhadharo, kuwedzera sarudzo, uye kuderedza kutsamira kune yakavanzika oligopolies. Zvinogoneka kuti ichaisa kuderera kumakomisheni uye kugadzirisa kuunganidza.Ndichiri kupa ruzhinji anchor yekusimba, haizoshandure zvemashiripiti mari yedhijitari kuita chimwe chinhu chakavanzika semari: traceability, kunyangwe ishoma, ichiripo.
Kana kuti pacharo haizogadzirise matambudziko ezvimiro muchikamu chezvemari, sekuda kwemubatanidzwa wemabhangi wakakwana kana hurongwa hwemari. Kana zvinokurudzira zvebhangi zvebhangi zvikafuratirwa uye mhedzisiro pachikwereti inotariswaMushonga wacho unogona kuunza matambudziko matsva: mari shoma kumhuri nemabhizinesi, kuwanda kwekusagadzikana mumatambudziko, uye mutemo wemari une miyedzo yevanopindira.
Kune avo vanotya kuti mari yavo "ichakwereteswa kumashure kwavo," CBDC inobvisa njodzi yebhangi padivi redhijitari ravanobata sechiyero. Asi runyararo urwo rwunouya nemari yesystem. Kana zvikapararira, miganhu uye zvisizvo zvinomuka, izvo zvinozoderedza kumwe kukwezva kunoonekwa pakutanga.
Anofarira munyori nezve nyika yemabytes uye tekinoroji zvakazara. Ini ndinoda kugovera ruzivo rwangu kuburikidza nekunyora, uye ndizvo zvandichaita mune ino blog, kukuratidza zvinhu zvese zvinonyanya kufadza nezve gadget, software, hardware, tekinoroji maitiro, nezvimwe. Chinangwa changu ndechekukubatsira kufamba munyika yedhijitari nenzira iri nyore uye inonakidza.