- Yekutanga internet yekubatanidza muSpain yakaitwa muna 1985 kubva kuPolytechnic University yeMadrid nekutumira email yebvunzo.
- IInternet yabva pakuva yunivhesiti uye sainzi network ine masevhisi ekutanga kusvika pakuva yakakosha hupfumi uye nzanga.
- Kutorwa kwakapararira kweADSL, e-commerce, uye smartphone Vakashandura Spain kuita nzanga yakabatana ine inenge imba yese yakabatana.
- Nhasi network inovimba njere yekufunga uye inotarisana nematambudziko ecybersecurity uye kufambira mberi kutsva senge quantum computing.
Makumi mana apfuura, murabhoritari ye Higher Technical Chikoro cheTerecommunications Injiniya PaPolytechnic University yeMadrid, boka revaporofesa uye matekinoroji vakasarudza kudzvanya bhatani re "kutumira" uye kuyedza rombo ravo neemail ichiyambuka network. Izvozvo zvaiita semazuva ese zvakava pekutangira yekutanga internet yekubatanidza muSpain, chiitiko chinokosha icho pasina munhu panguva iyoyo aifungidzira kuti chaizoguma chachinja nzira yatinokurukura nayo, kushanda, kutenga, kudzidza uye ukama kune mumwe nomumwe.
Kubva ipapo, nyika yakabva kune mashoma makomputa akabatana nawo inononoka uye ine ruzha modem dzefoni kunharaunda umo dzinenge dzimba dzese dzine Broadband, kunyangwe mukati nzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye kwatinotakura internet muhomwe dzedu nekuda kwemafoni. Mumakumi mana emakore aya, Spain yakabva pakuedza miedzo mumayunivhesiti kusvika pakuva a hyperconnected societyuko network yatove nheyo yakakosha semagetsi kana mvura.
Zuva iro Spain yakabatana neinternet kekutanga
El December 2 we1985Chikwata chemasayendisiti uye mainjiniya kubva kuHigher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineers yePolytechnic University yeMadrid vakakwanisa kumisa yekutanga yepamutemo internet yekubatanidza muSpainYakanga iri email yekuyedza yakatumirwa kubva murabhoritari kuETSIT, iyo, pakugamuchira mhinduro, yakasimbisa kuti kutaurirana kuburikidza netiweki kwakashanda nemazvo.
Mumwe weakakosha manhamba panguva iyoyo aive purofesa Juan QuemadaMuzvinafundo Emeritus paUPM, ndiye akadzvanya bhatani re "send" rine mukurumbira. Iye pachake akayeuka kanopfuura chiitiko chimwe chete kuti, mushure mekutumira meseji uye kugamuchira mhinduro, boka rese rakapinda murudzi rwe "Tekinoroji ecstasy" pakuona kuti kubatana kwakashandaDzakabva panguva apo tsamba dzaitora mavhiki kuti dzisvike nepositi, saka kuona meseji ichiyambuka miganhu mumasekondi mashoma yaive ngano yesainzi.
Muchirevo ichocho, Spain yakaramba ichivimba zvakanyanya neanalog maitiro: kutaurirana netsamba, nhare dzepavhu uye zvinyorwa zvemapepaNaizvozvo, iyo email yekutanga yaisangova yehunyanzvi hwekuda kuziva, asi kutanga kweshanduko yakadzama yemaitiro ebasa uye kubatana pakati pemayunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti, panguva iyoyo, ma protagonists echiitiko ichi chaive chisinganyatso kunyatsoziva zvavainge vachironga. Quemada pachake akatsanangura kuti vakazviona sea kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukutsvagisa nekushandira pamweAsi pasina kufungidzira zvachose kuti vaivhura musuwo kune network yaizopedzisira yave "kuchinja zvese pasi" muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemamiriyoni evanhu.
Kudiwa kwekutora danho iri kwakakonzerwa zvakanyanya nekupinda kweSpain mu European Economic CommunityKutora chikamu mumapurojekiti eEurope uye kubatana nemamwe mayunivhesiti ekondinendi, zvaive zvakakosha kuve nazvo email uye kubatana kune dzimwe nyika dzidzo networkMuedzo iwoyo nemodemu yerunhare zvainyatsoreva kupinda kweSpanish yunivhesiti system mune yakakura network.
Network yakaberekerwa kuyunivhesiti uye mumarabhoritari
Mumakore ake okutanga, Internet muSpain yaingogumira zvachose kuyunivhesiti nesainzi nzvimboKubatana kwacho kwainyanya kushandiswa kuchinjana maemail ekutanga uye kutamisa mafaera pakati penzvimbo dzekutsvagisa. Pakanga pasina mawebhusaiti ekubhurawuza, pasocial media, kana kuona mavhidhiyo. kumhanyira: kushandiswa kwayo kwainyanya kudzidza uye zvehunyanzvi.
Kuvandudzwa kwetiweki mumakore iwayo ekutanga kwaive kwakabatana zvakanyanya nezvivakwa zvakaita se RedIrisRedIRIS, iyo yedzidzo uye yekutsvagisa yekutaurirana network yakatanga kubatanidza mayunivhesiti, nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa veruzhinji, uye masangano epamutemo. Kutenda kuna RedIRIS, Spain yakakwanisa kubatanidza mune European research platforms uye yunivhesiti network, kufambisa kushandira pamwe nedzimwe nyika pamberi pekubatanidzwa kuzere muEuropean Economic Community.
Con el tiempoPamusoro pezvikwata zveyunivhesiti, vamwe vatambi vanokosha vakatanga kutora chikamu. Pakati pavo, zvinotevera zvakakurumbira: Infovía, sevhisi inofambiswa neTelefónica iyo yakaita se piyona wekutengesa internet kuwana kuruzhinji rwevanhu. Infovía yakabvumira vashandisi kuti vabatanidze mamodemu avo kune network yenyika data uye, kubva ipapo, kuwana masevhisi akasiyana uye, nguva pfupi yakatevera, iyo internet yepasi rose pachayo.
Kurangarira makore makumi mana ekutanga kubatana uku, Polytechnic University yeMadrid yakaunganidza akati wandei emapiyona aya, pamwe chete nenhamba dzepamusoro dzepasirese. Pakati pevaenzi vechokwadi pane: Vinton Cerf naRobert Kahn, yakatarisa "madzibaba eInternet" yekuve vagadziri veprotocol TCP / IP, iyo yakakosha tekinoroji inoita kuti zvikwanise kutumira data pamusoro petiweki pakati pemakomputa anoshandisa akasiyana masisitimu uye network.
Iyo protocol yaive kiyi pakugadzirisa izvo vazhinji vakatsanangura se “Shongwe yeBhabheri yepa internet”Paive neakawanda data network aisakwanisa kutaurirana, uye Internet Protocol (IP) yakagadzirwa chaizvo kuti vese vakwanise kutaura. MuSpain, kuendeswa kweIP protocol muma1980 kwakaratidza shanduko yechokwadi. bhutsu yeinternet sezvatinoinzwisisa nhasi.
Kubva pamamodemu uye mapiyona ekupayona kune Broadband
Kutevera kubatana kwekutanga yunivhesiti, zvinotevera zvakatanga kuoneka muSpain: yekutanga yekutengesa internet kuwana vanopaVashandisi vakaedza kubatanidza kumashure panguva iyoyo vaishandisa mamodemu erunhare ayo aiburitsa iwo mabhepi uye kurira panguva yekumisikidza chinongedzo, kutora tambo dzenhare uye kubhurawuza nekumhanya kungave kupenga nhasi.
Muchikamu ichocho chekutanga chekuzivikanwa, makuru akabudawo. internet portals kubva mukupera kwemakumi mapfumbamwe, akadai saTerra, Ozú, Yupi, kana Ya.com. Aya mawebhusaiti akashanda semasuwo einternet, anotarisisa nhau, injini dzekutsvaga, maemail masevhisi, dzimba dzekutaura, uye zvinongedzo, uye kune vazhinji vashandisi veSpanish vaive avo. yekutanga kuonana newebhu kubhurawuza kunze kweyunivhesiti kana kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi.
Kuputika kwedigital chaiko kwakauya ne ADSL kushandiswaiyo yakabvumira kubatana kwechigarire pasina kuvharira mutsara wefoni uye yakawedzera kukurumidza kurodha, uye maturusi akabuda kuti aite kukurumidza bvunzoZvichienderana nekutanga kwezana ramakore, ADSL yakagadzira nzira e-commerce kusimuka, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvepamhepo uye kubuda kwe yekutanga masocial network iyo yakatanga kuchinja nzira iyo vanhu vaidyidzana nayo, kunyanya pakati pevechiduku.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo internet yakamira kuve chishandiso chinogumira kune tekinoroji minda uye yakabatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva: yakatanga kushandiswa bvunza ruzivo, tumira maemail akawanda, maneja maitiro, verenga digital press kana kutaura munguva chaiyo. Mambure aya akange ave kuita mukurumbira muhupfumi, tsika, uye kutonga kweveruzhinji.
Nekugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwebroadband uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, Spain yakakwira nhanho kuti ive imwe yenyika dzinotungamira. zvakabatana zvakanyanya munyika. La fiber optics kumba uye nyowani nharembozha, pamwe neakachengeteka uye inokurumidza DNSIvo vakapedza maitiro ayo, akaonekwa mumaonero, akatanga neiyo ine mwero email bvunzo muna 1985.
Iyo smartphone shanduko uye hupenyu pasina internet "pamberi"
Kana paine imwe nguva yakasimbisa internet sechikamu chisinga patsanurwe chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, yaive smartphone shandukoIyo smartphone inoisa iyo internet muhomwe dzevashandisi, ichivabvumira kuti vabatane chero kupi, chero nguva, uye kushandura Spain kuita chokwadi. hyperconnected society.
Internet isati yapinda mune zvese, hupenyu hwaishanda zvakasiyana: kutsvaga nhamba yefoni kana kero, zvaive zvakakosha kushandisa internet. mapeji eyero kana magwaro akadhindwaKana iwe ukarasika muguta, chinhu chakajairika chekuita kwaive kushandisa mepu yepepa kana kubvunza vanhu mumugwagwa, nekuti pakanga pasina mepu. Google Mepu kana Apps navigation iyo inokutungamira nhanho nhanho.
Ruzivo rwakatsvagwa mukati encyclopedias uye mabhuku ereferensi, kwete mukati Wikipedia kana mumainjini ekutsvaga online. Nhasi, zvisinei, kudzvanya kushoma kana kutsvaga nekukurumidza parunhare mbozha yako kwakakwana kuwana chero data; ndosaka zvichinyanya kukosha kuziva nzira yekuziva fake news uye zvinyorwa zvakavimbika pa internet.
Kukurukurirana yaive imwe nyaya zvachose: kana iwe wakanonoka kuonana, pakanga pasina... WhatsApp Uyewo Telegraph haigone kupa zviziviso mumasekonzi. Pane kudaro, vakabvuma matauriro ekutaura akatarisana kana kufona kubva kunhareUye kazhinji kazhinji kwaingofungwa kuti mumwe aizofanira kumirira mumwe munhu nokushivirira. Nharembozha, pavakatanga kusvika, dzaive dzakakosha uye dzisina internet, uye kubata nemusoro nhamba dzenhare dzakakosha ndizvo zvaive zvakajairika.
Kana dziri dzekuzorora, nhevedzano yaigona kungotariswa paterevhizheni, zvichitevera kutepfenyurwa kwevhiki nevhiki kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye kana ukachipotsa, pakanga pasina mapuratifomu akafanana. NetflixPrime Vhidhiyo kana HBO izvo zvinokutendera kuti uidzore paunoda. Mumhanzi wairira mukati walkman, music system kana radio cassettenemaoko kushandura makwara pamatepi kana madhisiki, kure kure nekureruka kwe Spotify nemamwe mapuratifomu ekufambisa azvino.
Kubva pakuchengeta data pafloppy disks kusvika pakugara mugore
Imwe shanduko huru ine chekuita nenzira iyo chengeta uye ugovane ruzivoPamberi pesevhisi seGoogle Drive kana iyo kuchengetedza Mugore, zvinyorwa zvaichengetwa mukati floppy disks, maCD kana ekunze hard drivesKurasikirwa nemudziyo wekuchengetera muviri kunogona kureva kurasikirwa nebasa rakakosha, mapikicha, kana mafaera zvachose.
Kuenda kumakore kwakabvumira vashandisi kuita Svika zvinyorwa zvako kubva kune chero chishandiso chine chinongedzo cheinternetGoverana navo mumasekonzi nevamwe uye chengetedza otomatiki backups. Shanduko imwechete iyi yakafambisa mafomu matsva ekubatana kure, kugovanisa faira editing, uye kushanda pamwe pasina munhu wese anoda kunge ari muhofisi imwechete kana kirasi.
Kana isu hatigone kukanganwa kukanganisa kwemasevhisi ekutumira mameseji uye maapplication ekutaura nekukasikaNhasi zvakajairika kuchengetedza basa, mhuri, kana mapoka eshamwari pamapurogiramu akasiyana, kugovera mafoto, zvinyorwa, uye zvinongedzo munguva chaiyo, uye kuronga hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva kubva kumafoni edu. Makore makumi mana apfuura, zvisinei, kuronga chinhu chipi nechipi chinobatanidzwa kusangana pachedu kana kutaura parunhare rwepalandline.kazhinji pasina kuchinjika isu zvino totora seasingakoshi.
Kunyangwe iyo videogames zvachinja zvakanyanya: kare, kutamba neshamwari dzawaifanira kuita kusangana mukamuri rimwechete kana kugovera imwe consoleIkozvino, mitambo yepamhepo inokutendera kuti ubatane nevanhu vanobva pasirese pasirese, kuronga kuburikidza nekutaura kwezwi, uye kunyange kukwikwidza mumitambo yehunyanzvi esports.
Iyi yese hyperconnected nharaunda inhaka yakananga yeiyo inononoka maitiro yakatanga nekuyedza network, ine mwero maseva, uye rudimentary email, uye iyo nhasi inoshandura kuvapo nguva dzose masevhisi edhijitari munharaunda yese yehupenyu.
Spain nhasi: nyika inenge yakabatana zvizere
Iyo yazvino data kubva National Institute of Statistics (INE) Ivo vanosimbisa mwero weiyo internet yakabatanidzwa muhupenyu hwehuwandu hweSpanish. Maererano neongororo dzavo, kumativi 96,3% yevanhu vari pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi manomwe nemana vanoshandisa internet nguva dzoseIzvi zvinoreva kuti, pazvinangwa zvese zvinoshanda, vangangoita vagari vese vezera rekushanda vanobatana neimwe nzira.
Vanopfuura hafu yevanhu, kumativi 60%, yakatenga online mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura, ichiratidza kushandiswa kwakapararira kwe electronic commerce mune zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana sembatya, zvemagetsi, chikafu, kana masevhisi edhijitari. Kutenga pamhepo kwaenda kubva pakuva chinhu chitsva kuenda kumuitiro unogamuchirwa zvakakwana nechikamu chikuru chenzanga.
Iyo INE zvakare inoratidza kuti ingangoita iyo 38% yevashandisi vanotoshandisa artificial intelligence maturusikunyangwe muzviitiko zvakawanda ungasatombozviziva zvizere. Aya maapplication anotangira kubva kune chaiwo vabatsiri uye akasarudzika masisitimu ekurudziro kuenda kune spam mafirita, otomatiki vashanduri, uye vatengi sevhisi chatbots.
Panyaya yehunyanzvi hwedhijitari, padyo ne 66,5% yevagari vane hunyanzvi hwekutanga kana hwepamusoroIzvi zvinosanganisira kuziva magadzirisirwo emaemail, kushandisa mazwi processors, kutarisa zvakachengeteka, kugadzirisa zvishandiso, uye kutora mukana wezvishandiso zvegore zvakabatana. Kunyangwe pachine nzvimbo yekuvandudza, kusvetuka kunoenzaniswa nemakumi maviri emakore apfuura kwakakura.
Panyaya yezvivakwa, iyo muzana yedzimba dzine internet yekubatanidza broadband inosvika ku 97,4%Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa chinongedzo ichi kumabasa ane chekuita ne kutaurirana, ruzivo, online banking uye dzidzo, nepo kusvika pamwero muduku inoshandiswa kune zviitiko zvakadai sekutengeswa kwezvinhu, zvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro evanhu kana kushingaira kutsvaga basa.
IInternet semusana wenzanga uye hupfumi
Makumi mana emakore mushure mekubatana kwekutanga, iyo internet yakazvisimbisa seyo musana wevanhu veSpainHaisisiri chishandiso chiri nyore chekunze, asi chivakwa chakakosha chinotsigira chikamu chikuru chehupfumi hwenyika, hutongi uye hwemagariro.
Hukama nehutungamiriri hwehurumende huri kuramba huchivimba nekugadziriswa kwepamhepo: kuendesa magwaro, zvikumbiro, zvitupa, kugadzwa Uye maitiro asingaverengeki ave kuitwa nemagetsi. Shanduko iyi yakarerutsa maitiro mazhinji, kunyangwe yakamanikidza masangano kuvimbisa kuwanikwa kwedata uye chengetedzo.
Munzvimbo yebasa, the telecommuting Yakawana pasi, kunyanya mushure mekuchinja kwakasimudzwa nedenda. Misangano yevhidhiyo, kuwana kure kune zviwanikwa zvemakambani, uye maturusi ekubatana anobvumira vanhu vazhinji kuita mabasa avo vari kumba kana kuenda. Pasina zvivakwa zveinternet zvakaiswa mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, zvese izvi zvingadai zvisina kuitika.
Kutandara uye varaidzo zvakare zvinoenderana zvakanyanya neinternet nhasi. vhidhiyo uye mimhanzi yekutepfenyura mapuratifomu Vakashandura mashandisiro atinoita audiovisual content, uye masevhisi emitambo yepamhepo aburitsa nzira nyowani dzekuvaraidza uye kushamwaridzana. Kutumira meseji, zvakadaro, yave nzira yekutanga yekutaurirana pakati pemamiriyoni evashandisi.
Kuvapo kwese kweinternet uku kwakashandurawo nzira isu dzidza, shandisa uye rondedzeraKubva kumakosi epamhepo uye kudzidza chinhambwe kuenda kuongororo, nzvimbo dzekuenzanisa mitengo uye nharaunda dzemadhijitari, iyo internet inopinda pane zvese zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvekuti vanhu vazhinji vanoomerwa nekufungidzira kuti zvese zvakarongwa sei zvisati zvasvika.
Basa rehungwaru hwekugadzira uye remangwana re internet
Parizvino, internet yakanyudzwa mune a hutsva hutsva hunosvetuka nekuda kwehungwaru hwekugadzira (IA)AI algorithms inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa traffic traffic, kufanotaura kutadza kwenetiweki, kutsvaga kutsvagisa uye zvirimo, kuona cyberattacks munguva chaiyo, uye otomatiki mabasa ayo asina kare kare aida kupindira kwevanhu.
Zvisinei, mamwe manzwi ane chiremera, akadai saiye pachake Juan QuemadaVanokurudzira kungwarira pamusoro pezvinotarisirwa. Mukufunga kwavo, chiitiko cheAI chiri chimwe chinhu "chakaputika" maererano nehurukuro yavoseIwo algorithms anoita kuti akawanda ezvikumbiro izvi zvigoneke avepo kwemakore; chakanyanya kuwedzera kugona kwavo kuunganidzwa kukuru kwedata painternet, izvo zvinobvumira mamodheru kudzidziswa anogona kutitevedzera nekurongeka uko dzimwe nguva kusingagadzike.
Kune avhareji mushandisi, AI inozviratidza mukati vabatsiri chaiwo inoshanda zvakanyanya, masisitimu ekurudziro anoita seanotiziva zvakadzamaMasefa otomatiki anopatsanura maemail akakosha kubva kune spam, kana maturusi anobatsira kunyora zvinyorwa uye kupfupisa zvinyorwa. Zvese izvi zvinoenderana nehuwandu hukuru hweruzivo rwunogadzirwa zuva nezuva painternet, kubva pasocial media posts kusvika pakubhurawuza nhoroondo uye marekodhi ekutenga.
Kupfuura AI, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti shanduko huru inotevera inogona kuuya neiyo quantum computaIyi tekinoroji inovimbisa kutora kuchengetedzeka kwekutaurirana, komputa simba rekugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara, uye kugadzirisa kwehuwandu hwe data kune imwe nhanho. Kunyangwe ichiri mudanho rekutanga, kubatanidzwa kwayo kweramangwana neinternet zvivakwa kunogona kutsanangura patsva basa reinternet munharaunda.
Mukufanana, kudikanwa kwekusimbisa iyo cybersecurity Izvi zviri kuramba zvichijeka. Sezvo masevhisi akaomesesa achitsamira painternet, kufarira kwemacybercriminals kunokura, zvichiita kuti masystem edziviriro chaiwo ave akakosha. Pano zvakare, hungwaru hwekugadzira hunoita basa rakakosha nekubatsira kuona maitiro asina kunaka uye kurwiswa zvisati zvapararira.
Tichitarisa rwendo urwu rwese, kubva kune yekutanga email yakatumirwa muna 1985 kune yanhasi hyperconnected, AI-inotyairwa nzanga, ukuru hweshanduko hunova pachena: Spain yabva mukuyedza zvishoma nezvishoma uye rudimentary kubatana mumayunivhesiti marabhoritari kuvimba nehutaneti hunoita sehurongwa hwemagetsi hwenyika, hunotaura nezvehupfumi, hutongi, zororo, dzidzo uye hukama hwemunhu, uye kugadzirira nzvimbo yekuchinja kutsva iyo, zvichida, isu hatigoni kufungidzira.
Anofarira munyori nezve nyika yemabytes uye tekinoroji zvakazara. Ini ndinoda kugovera ruzivo rwangu kuburikidza nekunyora, uye ndizvo zvandichaita mune ino blog, kukuratidza zvinhu zvese zvinonyanya kufadza nezve gadget, software, hardware, tekinoroji maitiro, nezvimwe. Chinangwa changu ndechekukubatsira kufamba munyika yedhijitari nenzira iri nyore uye inonakidza.