Iyo vhidhiyo macodecs ane yakanyanya compression: kuenzanisa

ari vhidhiyo codecs Ndivo vava musimboti weiyo digital audiovisual world. Pese patino fambisa nhevedzano, kuiisa pasocial media, kana kuchengeta vhidhiyo pamudziyo wedu, tiri kushandisa imwe mhando yecodec, kazhinji tisingazvizive. Iko kushanduka kwematekinoroji aya kwakatibvumira kunakidzwa nemifananidzo yakapinza, resolution yepamusoro, zvese tichidya nzvimbo shoma uye bandwidth.

Nekudaro, huwandu hwe vhidhiyo macodecs ane yakakwirira compression Huwandu hwemacodecs uye mafomati hwakakura zvekuti kusarudza yakakodzera pane chimwe nechimwe chinodiwa kunogona kuve basa rakaoma. Ndeapi macodecs ari epamusoro-soro nhasi? Ndedzipi dzakatanhamara nekuda kwesimba ravo rekumanikidza? Ndepapi pazvakanakira kusarudza zvigadziriso zvechinyakare zvakaita seH.264, uye pazvinenge zvakakodzera kuchinjira kuAV1 kana H.266? Muchinyorwa ichi chese, iwe unowana mhinduro kumibvunzo iyi yese uye nemimwe yakawanda, ine tsananguro dzakajeka uye dzinoshanda, kuti usarasikirwe mune maze yeacronyms uye matekinoroji.

Vhidhiyo macodecs: zvii uye nei zvakakosha?

Un vhidhiyo codec Ndiye anongotungamirira compress uye decompress digital vhidhiyo dataIri izwi rinobva muchibvumirano cheChirungu che "COder-DECoder" kana "Compressor-DECompressor" uye ine basa rakakosha munguva yekutenderera uye. kuchengetedza Kushandiswa kukuru kweaudiovisual content. Mukuita, patinorekodha kana kutamba vhidhiyo, iyo codec inoshanda kuita kuti faira itore nzvimbo shoma, pasina kurasikirwa kwemhando.

Kudzvanya mavhidhiyo mafaera Zvinosanganisira kuziva mapatani, mavara, uye mafambiro anodzokororwa, kuchengetedza chete ruzivo rwakakosha uye kubvisa kana kubatanidza zvisina basa. Izvi zvinoguma nemafaira madiki, akanakira ese arikutenderera painternet uye kuchengetedza kune chero mudziyo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero isu tichigona kuona zvakatevedzana mu4K, kugovera mavhidhiyo pasocial network, kana kuchengetedza zvatinoda kurekodha pasina kuzadza hard drive mumazuva maviri.

Kukosha kwemacodecs kunoenda kure nekureruka kudzikisa saizi: sarudza mhando yekuona, kumhanya kwekuwana, uye kuenderana kwevhidhiyo pamidziyo yakasiyana. Kodeki inoshanda inogona kureva mutsauko uripo pakati pekutamba kwakatsetseka pane chero chishandiso uye kundandama kana kusaenderana.

Container uye codec: pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana

Imwe yezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika kana uchipinda munyika ino kuvhiringa mudziyo y codec. Nepo iyo codec iri algorithm inokodha uye decode vhidhiyo (uye odhiyo), iyo mudziyo Zvakafanana nebhokisi rinobatanidza nzizi dzakasiyana dzevhidhiyo, odhiyo uye imwe data yakabatana, senge zvinyorwa zvidiki, menyu, metadata, nezvimwe.

Mimwe midziyo ine mukurumbira zvikuru ndeye .mp4, .mkv, .mov y .org. Mukati mawo, vhidhiyo inogona kudzvanywa muH.264, H.265, VP9, ​​AV1 nemamwe, uye panguva imwe chete iyo audio inogona kushandisa macodecs akadai seAAC, Opus kana MP3Semuenzaniso, .mp4 faira rinowanzova neH.264 vhidhiyo neAAC audio, asi rinogona kushandisa HEVC, VP9, ​​​​kana AV1 zvichienderana nenyaya.

Kumanikidza kunoshanda sei mumavhidhiyo macodecs?

Kushanda kwecodec kunobva pa kuderedza mashoko akachengetwa nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana:

• • Intra-frame compression: Inoshanda pane imwechete furemu, ichitsvaga inodzokororwa mapatani mukati memufananidzo mumwe chete. Inobatsira kwazvo pakugadzirisa asi isinganyanyi kushanda maererano nehukuru.
  • Interframe compression (inter-frame): Inotora mukana wekufanana pakati pemafuremu anoteedzana kuchengetedza shanduko chete. Iyi ndiyo hwaro hwekufambisa kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza.
  • Predictive coding: Misiyano chete kubva kumifananidzo yapfuura kana inotevera inochengetwa, pane kuchengetedza yega yega furemu.

Kugadzirisa uye maitiro ekuderedza mavara: Zvichienderana nekuoma, mavara asina basa anogona kubviswa kana kugadzirisa kunogona kuderedzwa munzvimbo dzisinganzwisisike.

Chinokosha ndechokuwana chiyero chakanaka: yakanyanya kudzvinyirira nekurasikirwa kudiki kwemhando yekuona zvinogoneka. Iwo epamberi algorithms anotofunga kuti ziso remunhu rinoona sei zvakadzama, richitarisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuoma uye kurasa zvisingaonekwe.

Main azvino vhidhiyo macodecs uye kudzvanya kwavo

Panguva ino, inguva yekudzokorora kuti ndeapi macodecs anonyanya kushandiswa uye ndeapi anomira kunze kwavo hukuru hwekumanikidzaIko kushanduka kwemakumi maviri emakore apfuura kwave kusinganzwisisike, nehondo chaiyo pakati pevaridzi uye yakavhurika-sosi zviyero, hondo dzepatent, uye kupinda kwemakambani makuru mukuvandudza mafomati matsva. Ngatitarisei anonyanya kukosha:

H.264 (AVC): Chiyero chakashandura zvese

H.264, inozivikanwawo seAVC (Yepamberi Vhidhiyo Coding), yakamaka pamberi uye mushure meiyo compression kunyatsoshandaKuzivikanwa kwayo kunokonzerwa nekugona kwayo kuchengetedza emhando yepamusoro mavhidhiyo (kunyangwe 4K) ane madiki faira saizi, uye kuenderana kwayo kwakafara nechero mudziyo, browser, uye sevhisi. Yakagamuchirwa mune zvese Blu-ray uye yedhijitari kamera kutenderera uye kurekodha.

H.264 inoshandisa nzira dzakadai se block-based motion muripo, mabhuroko anosiyana-siyana, intra- uye inter-frame kufanotaura y entropy codingZvese izvi zvinobatsira kune chokwadi chekuti, kazhinji, unogona kuderedza saizi yefaira yakaomeswa nekutenderedza 70% uchichengetedza kunaka kwekuona.

Kubatsira: Kudzvanywa kwepamusoro, hukuru hwekuona mhando, inoenderana nechinenge chero chishandiso, ndiyo inofarira kutenderera uye kugadzirisa kumba.

Kukanganisa: Yave kutanga kupfupika kune zvigadziriso zve4K uye pamusoro, kudzvanya kwayo kwakanyanya kunoita kuti kugadzirisa kuome pamakomputa ane simba shoma, uye yave kutotarisa "yechinyakare" kana ichienzaniswa nevateveri vanobudirira.

HEVC/H.265: Kupeta Kaviri Kubudirira

Nekuuya kwezvinhu mukati 4K uye 8K, kusvetukira mberi kwaidiwa. Ndizvo zvakazvarwa HEVC (Yakanyanya Kubudirira Vhidhiyo Kukodha) kana H.265, inokwanisa kupa hutano hwakafanana hweh.

Mitsva yakaenzaniswa neH.264 inosanganisira mabhuroko makuru (CTU), yakagadziridzwa mafambiro ekufungidzira algorithms, mamwe segmentation modhi, uye yakakosha optimization kune akawanda-musimboti processors.

Kubatsira: Yakakwana ye4K uye yakakwira zvigadziriso, mhando yacho yakanakisa pane yepakati kana kunyange yakaderera network kumhanya, yakanakira kutenderera ine bandwidth mipimo.

Kukanganisa: Iyo yakaoma uye inodhura yerezinesi sisitimu, ichiri shoma rutsigiro pane zvimwe zvekare zvishandiso, yakawedzera simba rinodiwa pakudhirodha uye encoding, uye yekutanga nyaya dzekugamuchira nekuda kwekusawirirana.

AV1: ramangwana, pasina kubhadhara marezinesi

iyo codec AV1 yakashandura indasitiri nekuva chiyero yakavhurika uye yehumambo-isina, inotungamirirwa neAlliance yeVhura Media (AOMedia), ine nhengo dzakadai se Google, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft uye Netflix. AV1 inomira pachena pakupa a 30% yakawanda compression kupfuura HEVC pamhando imwe chete, ichibvumira yemhando yepamusoro yevhidhiyo yekufambisa ruzivo kunyangwe paine mashoma ekubatanidza.

Kunatsiridza kukuru kunosanganisira: vhara encoding kusvika ku128 × 128 pixels, adaptive quantization uye mamiriro-e-iyo-maitiro ekufanotaura. Uyezve, ndiyo yakanakira imwe sarudzo HDR uye 8k zvemukati.

Kubatsira: Yakanyanya kudzvanya mashandiro, rezinesi-isina, uye ramangwana-uchapupu (8K uye kupfuura). Yakagamuchirwa nemapuratifomu anotungamira seYouTube.

Kukanganisa: Yakakura coding yakaoma, inoda Hardware uye software yemazuva ano (kunyangwe kuenderana kuri kuwedzera), ichiri munzira yekutorwa kwevanhu vakawanda uye mimwe michina yechikuru inogona kusaitsigira.

H.266 (VVC): The Next Generation

Mwero H.266 kana VVC (Versatile Video Coding) Inoratidzwa senhanho inotevera mukumanikidza kwevhidhiyo, nehafu zvinodiwa data zvichienzaniswa neHEVC. Kubudirira kwayo kwakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kuputika kweyekupedzisira-yepamusoro tsanangudzo vhidhiyo, nharembozha kutenderera uye maapplication akadai virtual realityIchiri muchikamu chayo chekuita: inovimbisa mafaera evhidhiyo ehukuru hwakafanana neHEVC asi nekaviri yemhando yekuona, kana, isa imwe nzira, akafanana-mhando mavhidhiyo ane hafu yedata.

Chinetso chikuru: haisati yave nerutsigiro rwakapararira muhardware kana software, saka parizvino AV1, H.265, uye H.264 zvinoramba zviri izvo zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kune vakawanda vashandisi.

VP8, VP9 nevamwe vakwikwidzi

VP8 uye VP9, yakagadzirwa neGoogle, inonyanya kushandiswa kutamba mumabhurawuza uye HTML5 mapuratifomuVP9 ndiyo yakananga imwe nzira kune HEVC, zvakare isina patent uye yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya neYouTube yekuendesa 4K vhidhiyo. Kushanda kwayo kwakadzikira zvishoma pane AV1, asi zviri nani pane H.264.

Mamwe macodecs akakodzera uye makesi ekushandisa

• MPEG-4: Yakatangira kuH.264, ichiri kushandiswa mumakamera ekare uye masisitimu asingadi kunyatsoshanda.
• WMV (Windows Vhidhiyo yeMedia): Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muWindows nharaunda, kunyanya kune akamanikidzwa uye madiki mavhidhiyo.
• ProRes: Apple's professional codec, yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa uye post-kugadzirwa, isinganyanyi kumanikidzwa uye iri nyore kugadzirisa (pamutengo wemafaira akakura).
• DNxHR: Nyanzvi yemuchinjika-chikuva imwe yekugadzirisa, kunyanya paAVID masisitimu.

Codecs nekushandisa: nyanzvi vs. mutengi

ari nyanzvi codecs (ProRes, DNxHR, MPEG-2 yekutepfenyura, XAVC) inotungamira iyo Hunhu hwepamusoro uye nyore kugadzirisa muterevhizheni, firimu uye post-yekugadzira studio. Iwo mafaera anokonzeresa akakura, asi kudzvanya hakuna hutsinye, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa pasina kurasikirwa kukuru kwemhando. Pane rimwe divi, mutengi codecs (H.264, H.265, VP8/9) tsvaga yakaringana pakati pehukuru nemhando, uye yakagadziridzwa kutenderera, kurekodha nenharembozha uye compact kamera.

Misiyano uye zvakanakira pakati peanonyanya kushandiswa macodecs

• H.264: : Yakanakisa mukuenderana, yakanakira chero mudziyo uye chikuva, yakanaka yekutepfenyura uye kuchengetwa kwese.
• H.265: inokutendera kuti ugone kuita zvakapetwa uchichengetedza mhando, inobatsira zvikuru mu4K/8K uye kana nzvimbo kana bandwidth zvichikosha.
• AV1: Iyo yakanyanya hunyanzvi yekumanikidza sarudzo, kunyanya inonakidza kune avo vari kutsvaga remangwana pasina marezinesi marezinesi.
• VP9: Yakanakira webhu, kunyanya YouTube, uye inoenderana nemabhurawuza mazhinji emazuva ano.

Sarudzo inowanzoenderana nemhando yezvinyorwa, kugadzirisa kwauri kushanda nako, uye nhanho yekuenderana nemidziyo yako kana vateereri.

Kukosha kwe transcoding

La vhidhiyo transcoding Ndiyo maitiro ekushandura vhidhiyo kubva kune imwe codec kuenda kune imwe, kana kushandura bitrate yayo uye kugadzirisa. Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirisa mavhidhiyo kumapuratifomu akasiyana, kudzikisira saizi yadzo yekutepfenyura kana kuchengeta pane mamwe maturusi, uye kugara uchiona yemhando yepamusoro inogoneka kumushandisi wega wega zvichienderana nekubatana kwavo kana michina. Kuti uwedzere kunyura mukati mekushandura matekiniki, unogona kutarisa maitiro Tumira kunze mavhidhiyo mune akasiyana mafomati neAdobe Premiere Rush.

Iyo nzira inowanzobatanidza matanho mana:

1. Decoding: shandura vhidhiyo kuita fomati yayo yepakutanga kuti ushande nayo.
2. Kunyora: Dzvinyirira zvakare vhidhiyo mufomati nyowani kana nemaparamita matsva.
3. Quality setting: shandura resolution kana bitrate paramita kuti uenzanise kunaka uye kudzvanya.
4. Final coding: chengetedza vhidhiyo mufomati yaunoda uye codec, yakagadzirira kwauri kuenda.

Kudzvanya kwevhidhiyo uye kutenderera pamapuratifomu akasiyana

Iwo makuru ekutepfenyura mapuratifomu (Netflix, YouTube, Disney +, Amazon Prime Vhidhiyo…) tora macodecs anoshanda zvakanyanya sezvo teknolojia inoshanduka. Ndosaka, makore apfuura zvese zvaive muH.264, HEVC kana AV1 vhidhiyo iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyanya mu4K, 8K, uye HDR zvirimo. Iyi sarudzo yehungwaru inotsvaga kudzikisa mutengo wekugovera, kupa husingaenzaniswi mhando, uye kuita kuti chiitiko chiwedzere kunyorova kunyangwe paine mashoma ekubatanidza.

Paunotamba bhaisikopo kana nhevedzano, maseva anoona zvishandiso zvako uye bandwidth uye otomatiki anosarudza yakaringana codec uye mhando. Nenzira iyi, unogona kuona pasina kukanganisa kunyangwe painononoka kubatanidza, uye tora mukana wakazara wekugona kweTV yako kana uine fiber optic kana 5G.

Ndeipi yakanakisa vhidhiyo codec kune yega yega mamiriro?

• Online kutenderera: H.264 ndiyo bheti yakachengeteka nekuda kwekuenderana kwayo, kunyangwe HEVC kana AV1 ichipa kugona kukuru kana chikuva chako nechishandiso chichibvumira.
• 4K uye 8K: HEVC neAV1 zvakakosha. Kutepfenyura kwehunyanzvi, H.266 ichave yakakosha mumakore anotevera.
• Nyanzvi yekugadzirisa vhidhiyo: ProRes uye DNxHR ndiwo anofarira, sezvo ivo vachibvumira retouch pasina kurasikirwa kwemhando.
• Almacenamiento alargo plazo: MP4 ine H.264 ndiyo yakajairika, asi AV1 yakanakira avo vari kufunga mberi.
• Shandisa pawebhu uye masocial platform: MP4 ine H.264, VP9 kana AV1 zvichienderana nekuenderana. Instagram y Facebook Vanoda MP4/H.264, nepo YouTube ichitogamuchira AV1.

Zvakanakira uye kuipa kweiyo main codecs

Heano kutarisa kune zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvemhando yepamusoro compression codecs:

• H.264: Yakanyanya kugadzikana, yepasirese uye nekukurumidza, kunyangwe yakaderera compression ichienzaniswa nemazinga matsva.
• HEVC/H.265: Kudzvanyirirwa kwehutsinye, asi kunoda zviwanikwa zvakawanda, zvichiri kutsigirwa, uye zvinogona kuunza mutengo werezinesi.
• AV1: Iyo yekupedzisira mukubudirira uye yehumambo-isina, asi hazvisi zvese zvishandiso zvinoitsigira uye encoding inoda yakasimba hardware.
• VP9: Inobatsira kwazvo pakushambadzira kwewebhu, kunyanya mumabhurawuza.
• H.266 (VVC): Ramangwana riri kuvimbisa munguva yepakati, asi richiri kutsigirwa zvisina kunaka pamidziyo yevatengi.
• ProRes/DNxHR: Yakanakira firimu uye kugadzirisa kwepamberi, asi mafaera akakura kwazvo uye asina kukodzera kutenderera kana nharembozha.

Basa remidziyo yemavhidhiyo

Iwe haugone kutaura nezve macodecs pasina kutaura nezve midziyoBasa rayo nderekuunganidza zvese zvevhidhiyo zvinhu - mufananidzo, odhiyo, zvinyorwa zvidiki, metadata - mufaira rimwe chete. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:

• MP4: Mambo wekuenderana, inotsigira H.264, H.265, AV1, VP9 video uye AAC audio, pakati pevamwe.
• MKV: Yakanyanya kuchinjika, yakavhurika sosi, yakanakira kuchengetedza akawanda maodhiyo mafaira uye zvinyorwa zvidiki padivi pevhidhiyo yako. Inoenderana neanenge ese emazuva ano macodecs.
• MOV: Yakagadzirwa neApple, inowanzoshandiswa mukutsikisa nyanzvi uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando.
• AVI: Veteran fomati, inotsigira akawanda macodec asi haina kunyatso shanda nhasi.
• WMV: Inorindwa neMicrosoft, yakanangidzirwa kune akamanikidzwa mafaera uye Windows masisitimu.

Kusarudza mudziyo wakakodzera kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mavhidhiyo ako anoshanda pane ese maturusi uye mapuratifomu aunoagovera paari.

Uncompressed RAW vs. Compressed RAW: Imwe neimwe ine basa riini?

Munzvimbo dzehunyanzvi (cinema, kushambadzira, advanced post-kugadzirwa), mavhidhiyo anowanzo kurekodhwa mukati isina kudzvanywa RAW mafomati, iyo inochengeta ruzivo rwese kamera, ichiita kuti ive yakanakira kugadzirisa kwepamberi uye kubatazve. Nekudaro, mafaera anotora nzvimbo yakawanda zvekuti haawanzo shandiswa kunze kwehunyanzvi studio.

Imwe nzira ndeye yakamanikidzwa RAW vhidhiyo, iyo inoshandisa imwe compression (kazhinji ine macodecs seProRes RAW, BRAW, kana CinemaDNG) asi inochengetedza yakawanda yemhando yepakutanga, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuchengeta nekugadzirisa.

Ndeapi mafambiro emangwana mumavhidhiyo macodecs?

Iyo audiovisual sector inogara ichichinja. Kusvika kwe8K kutenderera, chaiyo uye yakawedzera chokwadi, kuvepo kwese kwefoni vhidhiyo, uye kukura kwe njere yekufunga kuita kuti zvive zvakakosha kushandisa inowedzera compact uye inoshanda macodecs. Nechinangwa ichi, mapuratifomu akadai Maitiro ekutamisa mavhidhiyo kubva ku iPhone kuenda kuPC ichave tsika yakajairika kufambisa manejimendi nekugadzirisa.

AV1 neH.266 ndivo vachave ma protagonists mumakore anoteveraYekutanga, nekuda kwekuvhura kwayo nzira uye kugamuchirwa nemapuratifomu makuru; chechipiri, nekuti inomiririra nhongonya yekumanikidza kwevhidhiyo, kusundira kushanda zvakanaka kusvika kumagumo kuti tigone kunakidzwa ne8K zvemukati kana zviitiko zvinonyudza pamidziyo midiki iri kuwedzera pasina kukwira kwe data.

Zvechokwadi, kuchinja kuchava zvishoma nezvishoma, uye panguva ino H.264, H.265, uye VP9 icharamba yakakosha mumabasa akawanda emakore anotevera.

Hondo yemavhidhiyo macodecs inoenderera mberi, uye hunyanzvi mukumanikidza uye tekinoroji yekutamba icharamba ichiisa mwero wekunakidzwa nemhando yepamusoro yeaudiovisual zvirimo chero mamiriro ezvinhu.