Zvitupa zvemutyairi uye masiginecha muWindows: gwara rakazara

MuWindows, iyo vatongi uye masiginecha avo edhijitari Vakave chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza system. Kunze kwekungogonesa printa, kadhi remifananidzo, kana smart kadhi kuti ishande, chakakosha nhasi ndechekuti sisitimu inogona kuona kuti software ndeyechokwadi, ine kuvimbika, uye inobva kune akavimbika mutengesi.

Kana wakambosangana nemessage like "Windows haigone kuratidza muparidzi weiyi software yemutyairi" Kana zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nezvitupa paunenge uchiisa mutyairi - iwe unoziva kushungurudza izvo zvinogona kushungurudza. Muchinyorwa chino, tichadzikamisa zvakadzikama kuti kusaina kwemutyairi kunoshanda sei muWindows (zvese mu kernel uye mushandisi modhi), ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvinoshanduka zvichienderana neWindows vhezheni, kusaina vatyairi vako, uye ndedzipi sarudzo dzaunofanira kudzima zvakachengetedzeka siginecha yekuongorora kana usina imwe sarudzo.

Chii chinonzi mutyairi kusaina muWindows uye nei zvakakosha?

Kudanwa siginicha yemutyairi Izvi zvinongosanganisira kubatanidza siginecha yedhijitari (yakavakirwa pazvitupa) nemutyairi package. Siginicha iyi inowanzoiswa kukhathalogi faira repakeji (.CAT) kana zvakananga kumutyairi mabhinari (.SYS, .DLL, zvichingodaro) uchishandisa masiginicha akaiswa.

Panguva yekuisa mudziyo, Windows inoshandisa izvi digital siginecha yezvinhu zviviri zvakakoshaIyo sisitimu inotarisa kuti package haina kugadziridzwa kubva pakasainwa (kutendeseka) uye inosimbisa kuzivikanwa kwemutengesi wesoftware (mutyairi muparidzi). Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka, yambiro inoratidzwa, kana mumatambudziko akaomarara, kuiswa kana kurodha kwemutyairi kwakavharwa.

Mune 64-bit shanduro yeWindows Vista uye gare gare, Microsoft yakaunza mutemo wakajeka: Vese vatyairi vekernel-modhi vanofanirwa kusainwa kukwanisa kutakura, kunze kwezvishoma zvishoma. Izvi zvinoisa vatyairi muchikamu chakafanana chekuchengetedza sevamwe vese system mabhanari, nekuti kutadza kwekernel-level kunogona kukanganisa zvachose sisitimu.

Mitemo yave kuoma ne el tiempoKutanga ne Windows 10 vhezheni 1507, vatyairi vese vakasaina kuburikidza ne Development centre ye Hardware kubva kuMicrosoft Ivo vanosungirwa kusaina neSHA-2. Iyo yekare SHA-1 yakave isingachashandi nekuda kwecryptographic kuchengetedza zvikonzero, uye Microsoft yanga ichiibvisa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kune ecosystem yese.

Pane ruzivo rwakakosha: kernel-mode driver mabhanari akasainwa ane mbiri mbiri (SHA-1 + SHA-2) yakapihwa neasiri eMicrosoft masangano anogona kunge ane matambudziko mukati. masisitimu pamberi Windows 10...kana kutokonzeresa kubondera mukati Windows 10 uye gare gare shanduro. Kudzivirira izvi, Microsoft yakaburitsa update KB3081436, iyo inosanganisira iyo chaiyo faira hashes uye inogadzirisa kurodha maitiro mune idzi kesi.

Mhedziso yekusaina mutyairi muWindows

Kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti zvese izvi zvinoshanda sei, zvinobatsira kuparadzanisa pfungwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, pane mutyairi kodhi siginicha (kernel modhi kana mushandisi modhi) uye, kune rimwe divi, izvo zvekusaina zvinodiwa zvePlug uye Play (PnP) yekumisikidza mudziyo. Kunyangwe zvichienda pamwe chete, hazvina kunyatsofanana: unogona kuve nemutyairi akasainwa nemazvo padanho rebhinari, asi izvo hazvisangane nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuisa.

Microsoft ine chaiyo zvinyorwa pa digital siginecha yekernel modules muWindows Vista uye gare gare masisitimuIri gwaro rinotsanangura kuti zvitupa ndezvipi, kuti cheni dzekuvimba dzinofanira kuvakwa sei, uye kuti ndeapi hash algorithms anotsigirwa (ikozvino SHA-2). Kune vatyairi vanofambisa zvakadzivirirwa (odhiyo nevhidhiyo ine DRM, PUMA, PAP, PVP-OPM, nezvimwewo), kune zvakare yakakosha kusaina kodhi zvinodiwa zvinotarisana nekuchengetedza multimedia zvirimo.

Nezvekuyerera kwekushambadzira, nhasi kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuita Tumira madhiraivha kuMicrosoft hardware portalKune vatyairi vekugadzira, nzira yakajairwa ndeyekumhanyisa bvunzo uchishandisa HLK kana iyo yekare HCK uye kurodha ese ari maviri mabhinari uye matanda ebvunzo. Kune mutengi-chete mamiriro pa Windows 10, kusaina kwehuchapupu kunogona kushandiswa, izvo zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekuyedzwa otomatiki uku uchichengetedza kusimbiswa uye kusaina neMicrosoft.

Sarudzo ye test siginecha Yakagadzirirwa kuvandudzwa kwemukati uye kuyedzwa, uko kunoshandiswa zvisiri zveruzhinji zvitupa kana zvitupa zvakapihwa neyakavanzika PKI. Aya madhiraivha anongotakura chete kana sisitimu yakagadziridzwa muyedzo modhi kana nematongerwo chaiwo anobvumira vatyairi vebvunzo.

Kunze uye muchinjika-akasaina controller

Mukati mavhezheni e Windows 10, iyo inonzi "ma controller ane cross-signature" Vatyairi vakasaina vachiri kubvumidzwa mune mamwe mamiriro. Aya madhiraivha akasainwa nemutengesi ane Chitupa cheAuthenticode chakasungirirwa kuchitupa chepakati chakasainwa neMicrosoft, ichipfuura iyo yakazara hardware portal workflow.

Microsoft inochengetedza zvakati wandei kudzivirira masisitimu akatotumirwa kubva mukutadza kubhutsu. Vatyairi vakasaina vanobvumidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera: Iyo komputa yakakwidziridzwa kubva kune yakapfuura vhezheni yeWindows kusvika Windows 10 vhezheni 1607; the bhutsu Yakachengeteka Boot yakadzimwa muBIOS/UEFI; kana mutyairi akasainwa nechitupa chakapihwa Chikunguru 29, 2015 asati asvika icho chinosungirira kuCA inotsigirwa yakasainwa.

Kuti uderedze njodzi yekupa iyo system isingashandiswe, iyo boot controllers Iwo haana kuvharwa kunyangwe akasatevedzera marongero matsva, asi Chirongwa Chekuenderana Mubatsiri anogona kuvaratidza uye kupa zano kubviswa kwavo kana kutsiviwa. Pfungwa ndeyekudzivisa kukanganisa kutevedzana kwebhoti, asi kubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma vatyairi vasingateereri.

Windows vhezheni kusaina zvinodiwa

Siginecha zvinodiwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana ne chaiyo vhezheni yeiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye kana iyo sisitimu inoshandisa Yakachengeteka Boot. Kazhinji, tafura yekusaina tafura yezvinyorwa zvevatengi inogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:

• Windows Vista uye Windows 7uye zvakare Windows 8+ ine bhoti yakachengeteka yakaremaraMune 64-bit zvitupa, siginicha inodiwa, nepo mune 32-bit zvitupa, siginicha yaisasungirwa. Siginicha inogona kuisirwa mufaira kana mune inosanganisirwa catalog, uye inodiwa algorithm ndeye SHA-2. Chitupa cheti chinofanirwa kupera mumidzi yakavimbika yeCode Kutendeseka.
• Windows 8 uye 8.1, uye Windows 10 shanduro 1507 uye 1511 ine Secure Boot yakagoneswaOse madhiraivha 32-bit uye 64-bit anoda vatyairi vakasaina. Yakamisikidzwa kana kusaina katarogu ichiri kubvumidzwa, uchishandisa SHA-2, ichitsamira pane yakajairwa midzi yekutendeseka kwekodhi.
• Windows 10 shanduro 1607, 1703 uye 1709 ine Yakachengeteka BootChinodiwa chinosimbiswa, uye masiginecha anofanirwa kusungirirwa kune chaiwo maMicrosoft midzi zvitupa (Microsoft mudzi Chiremera 2010, Microsoft Root Certificate Authority uye Microsoft Root Authority).
• Windows 10 vhezheni 1803 uye gare gare neSecure Boot: zvakafanana siginicha zvinodiwa zvakamisikidzwa kune yambotaurwa yeMicrosoft midzi zviremera zvinochengetwa, kune ese 32-bit uye 64-bit masisitimu.

Pamwe chete nedhiraivha kodhi siginecha, iyo package inofanirwawo kutevedzera izvo zvinodiwa siginicha yekuisa PnP zvishandisoIzvi zvinoreva kuti .INF mafaera, mabhuku, uye mabhinari anofanirwa kubatanidzwa nemazvo uye kuratidzwa muchisiginicha chemugadziri wemudziyo (uye Mudziyo wedhiza) ona seanoshanda.

Kunewo mhando dzakakosha dzevatyairi vakaita se ELAM (Kutanga Kwekutanga Anti-Malware)izvo zvinoremerwa kare kare mubhoot process kuchengetedza sisitimu kubva malware low-level. Aya madhiraivha ane zvimwe zvekusaina uye zvitupa zvinodiwa zvakanyorwa mukutanga boot antimalware gwara.

Kusaina mutyairi weWindows 10, Windows 8.x uye Windows 7

Kana iwe uri mutyairi wekuvandudza kana kushanda munzvimbo inogoverwa madhiraivha, unofanirwa kutevedzera Windows Hardware Compatibility Program (WHCP) uchishandisa maturusi akakodzera evhezheni yega yega: HLK ye Windows 10 uye HCK yezvinyorwa zvekare.

Munyaya ye Windows 10, iyo yakajairika kuyerera ingave: dhawunirodha iyo Hardware Lab Kit (HLK) Kune yega yega vhezheni ye Windows 10 iwe unoda kutsigira, isa iyo yekuyedza nharaunda uye mhanyisa yakazara certification pass pamutengi ari vhezheni iyoyo. Kumhanya kwega kwega kunoburitsa gwaro rekuyedza.

Kana iwe wakaedza mutyairi mune akati wandei mavhezheni, unenge uine akawanda matanda. Izvi zvinowanzoitika. kusanganisa zvese matanda mumushumo mumwe chete uchishandisa yazvino vhezheni yeHLK. Musanganiswa uyu unorerutsa kuendesa kune hardware portal uye inobvumira imwe femu kuvhara akawanda system shanduro.

Paunenge uchinge uine marejista, unotumira iyo controller binary uye yakasanganiswa HLK mhinduro kune Windows Hardware Developers Center panelIkoko iwe unosarudza rudzi rwesiginicha yaunoda (semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa, humbowo, nezvimwewo), gadzirisa zvivakwa zvekutumira uye mirira iyo otomatiki yeMicrosoft maitiro ekuburitsa akasainwa makatalogi uye kudzosera iyo yakatosimbiswa pasuru kwauri.

Nzira yakafanana inoteverwa Windows 7, Windows 8, uye Windows 8.1, asi uchishandisa iyo Hardware Certification Kit (HCK) yakakodzera shanduro imwe neimwe. Microsoft inochengetedza gwara remushandisi wekiti iyi inotsanangura kuyedzwa, kusimbiswa, uye kuburitsa mafambiro.

Kusaina mutyairi kune mavhezheni zvisati zvaitika Windows 10 vhezheni 1607

Kusati kwasvika Windows 10 vhezheni 1607, marudzi mazhinji evatyairi aida a Chitupa chechokwadi yakasanganiswa neMicrosoft cross-certification. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa sekusaina-kusaina, yakabvumira vagadziri kusaina vatyairi vavo uye kuita kuti Windows ivagamuchire sekunge "vakakomborerwa" neMicrosoft's infrastructure.

Pakati pema controller aida iyi siginecha modhi yaive kernel-mode mudziyo vatyairiIzvi zvinosanganisira mushandisi-modhi madhiraivha anodyidzana padhuze nekernel uye vatyairi vanoshandiswa kutamba kana kugadzira zvakachengetedzwa zvemukati (DRM-yakachengetedzwa odhiyo uye vhidhiyo). Iwo ekupedzisira anosanganisira PUMA- kana PAP-based odhiyo madhiraivha, pamwe nevatyairi vevhidhiyo vanobata kuchengetedzwa kwekubuda (PVP-OPM).

Kusaina kodhi yezvikamu zvakachengetedzwa zvemultimedia zvine nhungamiro dzayo, sezvo cheni yekuvimba uye chitupa chekuwedzera chinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakadzivirirwa hazvigone kubvumwa kana kushandiswa nyore nyore.

Kushandiswa kweSignTool kusaina vatyairi mu kernel mode (Windows 7 uye 8)

Mune mazwi anoshanda, chishandiso chinotungamira chekusaina mabhinari muWindows ndeye SignTool, inosanganisirwa muWindows SDK. Kune vatyairi vekernel-mode mukati Windows 7 uye 8, pane akati wandei sarudzo dzinonyanya kubatsira pakusaina nekusimbisa.

Pakati peakakosha ma paramita eSignTool ndeaya: / ac kuwedzera chimwe chitupa (senge Microsoft cross-certificate)/f kuratidza faira rine chitupa chekusaina (somuenzaniso, a .pfx), /p yepassword yePFX iyoyo, /fd kudoma hashi algorithm (somuenzaniso, /fd sha256 kumanikidza SHA-256, sezvo SHA-1 iri nhoroondo default).

Iyo parameter zvakare yakakosha /n "Zita rakajairika rechitupa"Izvi zvinokutendera kuti usarudze chitupa chakakodzera kubva kuWindows certificate chitoro uchishandisa yayo Common Name. Kuwedzera timestamps, unogona kushandisa /t neyekare Authenticode server kana /tr ine RFC 3161 inoenderana server, inova ndiyo yazvino uye inokurudzirwa sarudzo.

Imwe inogoneka kufambiswa kwebasa kungave kuunganidza mutyairi mabhinari mune inoshanda dhairekitori kana kukopa zvese kuWindows SDK's bin folda. Zvadaro, chitupa chekusaina kodhi chinowanikwa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, iyo Microsoft cross-certification (semuenzaniso, CrossCert inoenderana neCA yakapa chitupa chako). Ose ari maviri akaiswa mune imwechete dhairekitori kubva kwaunomhanyisa SignTool.

Nezvose zvakagadzirira, murairo wemuenzaniso unogona kuva chinhu chakadai: signtool sign /ac CrossCert.crt /f CodeSign.pfx /p password1234 /fd sha256 /tr http://timestamp.globalsign.com/tsa/r6advanced1 filter.sysIzvi zvinogadzira siginecha yemazuva ano neSHA-256, inosanganisira kuchinjisa-certification, uye inowedzera RFC 3161 timestamp, iyo yakakosha kuti siginecha irambe ichishanda kunyangwe chitupa chapera.

Kana yasaina, zvinokurudzirwa simbisa nemurairo senge signtool simbisa -v -kp filter.sysIyo -v mureza inoratidza ruzivo rwakadzama, nepo -kp inotarisa siginecha inopesana nekernel-mode mutyairi maitiro. Kana iyo yakabuda inoratidza kuti siginicha inoshanda uye cheni yekuvimba inopera mumudzi unogamuchirwa, mutyairi akagadzirira kutumirwa.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti, kazhinji, iyo catalog file (.CAT) inosainwawo. Iyo nzira inodzokororwa: iyo .CAT faira yakasainwa, yakasimbiswa, uye, kana zvinhu zvese zvakarongeka, mutyairi anoiswa kazhinji pane system.

Siginicha yehuchapupu uye kugadzirwa kweCAB mapakeji

Microsoft inopa iyo siginicha seuchapupu senzira yakareruka yekugovera vatyairi, kunyanya pa Windows 10 client systems. Mutengesi ane basa rekuona kuti mutyairi anosangana nezvinodiwa, uye Microsoft inogumira pakusimbisa uye kusaina, kudzivirira bhatiri rakazara reHLK bvunzo mune mamwe mamiriro.

Kutumira mutongi neuchapupu, a CAB faira izvo zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvakakosha zvepasuru. Chimiro cheCAB chinosanganisira mutyairi webhinari pachawo (.SYS), iyo INF faira (.INF) iyo Windows ichashandisa panguva yekuisa, zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa (.PDB) yekuongorora kukanganisa, uye dzimwe nguva .CAT catalogs iyo Microsoft ichashandisa sechirevo chekutarisa chimiro (kunyange iyo inobva yagadzira zvinyorwa zvayo zvekupedzisira kugovera).

Kuigadzira kuri nyore: mafaera ese achasainwa anounganidzwa mune rimwe dhairekitori, semuenzaniso C: \ Echo. Kubva pahwindo re rairo Nekodzero dzemutungamiri, MakeCab rubatsiro inobvunzurudzwa kuti ione sarudzo dzayo uye faira reDDF rinogadzirwa nemirairo inodiwa inoratidza mafaera achamanikidzwa, iyo cabinet ichagadzirwa uye ndeapi mafolda madiki aanofanirwa kurongeka mukati meCAB.

Pamuenzaniso weEcho controller, faira reDDF rinogona kuseta zita rekubuda kuEcho.cab, gonesa kudzvanya kweMSZIP, uye kutsanangura dhairekitori rekuenda (DestinationDir=Echo) kuitira kuti pasave nemafaira asina kusimba mumudziyo wedhairekitori rekombi. Zvadaro, nzira dzakazara dzeEcho.inf uye Echo.sys dzakanyorwa kuitira kuti MakeCab isanganise.

NeDDF yakagadzirira, unomhanya chimwe chinhu chakadai: MakeCab /f Echo.ddfChishandiso chicharatidza kuti mangani mafaera aakasanganisa, iyo yekumanikidza level yakawanikwa, uye mune dhairekitori (kazhinji Disk1) yaakaisa inoguma CAB faira. Ingovhura iyo Echo.cab faira ine File Explorer kuratidza kuti ine zvese zvinotarisirwa.

Saina iyo CAB nechitupa cheEV wochitumira kuPartners Center

Usati waisa pasuru kuMicrosoft hardware portal, zvakajairika kuti saina CAB neEV (Yakawedzerwa Kusimbiswa) chitupaIzvi zvitupa, izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara mukusimbisa mubatanidzwa, zvinopa chivimbo chakawedzerwa uye kazhinji chinodikanwa kune mamwe marudzi emasaini.

Maitiro acho anosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana neanopa EV chitupa, asi pfungwa huru ndeye kushandisa SignTool zvakare, panguva ino yakanangana neCAB. Murairo wakajairika unogona kuva: SignTool sign /s YANGU /n "Zita reKambani" /fd sha256 /tr http://sha256timestamp.ws.symantec.com/sha256/timestamp /td sha256 /v C:\Echo\Disk1\Echo.cab, iyo inowedzera siginecha yeSHA-256 ine SHA-256 timestamp kujongwe.

Mushure mekusaina, unowana mukana Microsoft Partner CenterKunyanya, enda kune Hardware pani uye pinda nezvitupa zvesangano rako. Kubva ipapo, sarudza iyo "Tumira Nyowani Hardware" sarudzo, rodha iyo yakasainwa CAB faira, uye zadza zvivakwa zvekutumira: zita rechigadzirwa, rudzi rwesiginicha inodiwa, ungave uchida siginecha yebvunzo kana chete siginecha yekugadzira, nezvimwe.

Zvakakosha Usaite kuti bvunzo siginicha sarudzo dzishande Kana iwe uchitsvaga mutyairi wekugadzira, mune inodiwa siginecha chikamu unosarudza akasiyana aunoda kuisa mupakeji (semuenzaniso, masiginecha emhando dzakasiyana dzeWindows kana zvivakwa).

Kana fomu rapera, tinya Tumira uye rega iyo portal iite pasuru. Kana Microsoft yapedza kusaina mutyairi, pani icharatidza kuti kutumira kwagadziriswa uye kunobvumira Dhaunirodha mutyairi akatosaina, kazhinji inoperekedzwa nemabhuku uye metadata inodiwa pakugovera kwayo.

Wona kuti controller yakasainwa nemazvo

Nepasuru yakatorwa, yave nguva yekutarisa kuti zvese zviri mugwara. Danho rekutanga nderekubvisa mafaera kubva mukutumirwa kuenda kune yenguva folda uye kuvhura hwindo rekukurumidza rekuraira ne administrative rightsKubva ipapo, unogona kushandisa SignTool kuratidza masiginicha akaiswa kune akakosha mabhinari.

Murairo wekutanga waizova SignTool simbisa Echo.sysiyo inokurumidza kusimbisa chokwadi chechiratidzo. Kuti uwedzere kuongororwa, unogona kushandisa SignTool simbisa /pa /ph /v /d Echo.sysapo / pa inoratidza kuti mutemo weAuthenticode unofanirwa kushandiswa, / ph inowedzera kutarisa kwehashi uye / v inogadzira verbose inobuda nemashoko ose echeti.

Kuti utarise Iyo Enhanced Key Uses (EKUs) yechitupa chinoshandiswa kusaina, unogona kushandisa Windows Explorer: tinya-kurudyi pane bhinari, sarudza Properties, enda ku "Digital Siginecha" tab, sarudza yakakodzera kupinda, uye tinya "Details." Kubva pa "Tarisa Chitupa" uye "Details" tab, unogona kuongorora "Enhanced Key Uses" ndima kuti uone kuti inosanganisira mawedzero akakodzera ekusaina kodhi kana kusaina mutyairi.

Iyo yemukati maitiro eimwe kusaina workflows inoreva kuti Microsoft isa zvakare yako SHA-2 siginecha Mune mabhinari, chero masiginecha anoshandiswa nemutengi anobviswa kana akasateedzera marongero azvino. Imwe faira nyowani yakasainwa neMicrosoft inogadzirwawo, ichitsiva chero ekare .CAT mafaira akatumirwa nemutengesi.

Kuedza uye kuisa mutyairi paWindows

Kana mutyairi achinge asainwa, zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti inoisa uye inoshanda nemazvo pane yakanangwa system. Kubva pane administrator console, maturusi akadai [isa mazita echishandiso pano] anogona kushandiswa. devcon kuita otomatiki kuiswa. Semuyenzaniso, kana pasuru yacho iine echo.inf faira inotsanangura mudzi\ECHO mudziyo, ingave yakakwana kumhanya. devcon isa echo.inf midzi\ECHO mufaira rakakodzera.

Panguva iyi, kana zvinhu zvose zvakasaina zvakanaka, Ads haifanire kuoneka Mameseji akadai sekuti "Windows haigone kuona kuti ndiani anodhinda software iyi" anogona kuoneka. Kana vakadaro, zvinoratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chiri mucheni yekuvimba kana mumakatalog haina kurongeka, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora zvese masiginecha uye zvitupa zvemidzi zvakaiswa pahurongwa.

Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvinokwanisika kugadzira kutakura nevanodzora vakawandaKuti uite izvi, nzira yakajairika ndeyokugadzira mapeji maduku akaparadzana mukati mechimiro chefaira, chimwe chemutyairi wega wega (DriverPackage1, DriverPackage2, etc.), uye gadzirisa DDF file kuitira kuti seti imwe neimwe ye.SYS uye .INF mafaira aiswe muchikamu chayo mukati meCAB. MakeCab anobva aunganidza zvese mu kabati imwe yakagadzirira kuendeswa kune portal.

Masaini emutyairi kubva pamaonero emushandisi

Kubva pamaonero emushandisi wekupedzisira, kusaina mutyairi kunoonekwa se security filter yakavakirwa muWindowsSezvakaita nemasaini akasainwa, zano nderekuti mushandisi azive kuti software yacho inobva kune zviri pamutemo sosi uye haina kuchinjwa. Zvisinei, kana vari vatyairi, chinodiwa chacho chikuru nokuti vanoshanda pamwero wakakwirira zvikuru weropafadzo.

Kana mutyairi akasainwa nemazvo uye akaburitswa kuburikidza nezviteshi zvepamutemo, Windows Update Iyo inoshanda sisitimu pachayo inoigovera zviri pachena. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vashandisi vagamuchire yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziriswa vhezheni pasina kutsvaga chero chinhu nemaoko, vaine vimbiso yekuti vapfuura mafirita eMicrosoft.

Dambudziko rinomuka kana iwe uchida kuisa vatyairi vasina kusainwa nedigital kana kuti siginicha yake isingachagamuchirwi nemitemo yazvino (somuenzaniso, paunenge uchiedza kushandisa mahardware ekare pane matsva masisitimu). Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Windows inovhara kuisirwa kana kuratidza yambiro inodzokororwa, zvichimanikidza kushandiswa kwemhinduro dzepamusoro kuenderera.

Nzira dzekuisa vatyairi vasina kusaina (uye njodzi dzavo)

Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekuisa madhiraivha asingaenderane nemitemo yekusaina, asi zvakakosha kuti ugare uchifunga kuti. Nzira imwe neimwe inosanganisira mwero wakasiyana wengoziKugadziridzwa kwechinguva kunodzoserwa pakutangwa patsva hakuna kufanana nekudzima zvachose cheki yekuvimbika.

Nzira inowanzoshandiswa ndeye Boot Windows nekudzima kwenguva pfupi kushandiswa kunosungirwa kwevatyairi vakasainaKuti uite izvi, tangazve komputa yako nekuwana sarudzo dzepamberi (somuenzaniso, kubva paKutanga menyu, nekudzvanya Shift uchidzvanya Restart), enda ku Troubleshoot> Advanced Options> Startup Settings, uye sarudza sarudzo "Dzinga mutyairi siginecha enforcement." Iyo sisitimu inozobhuya isingade masaini, ichikubvumidza iwe kuisa mutyairi. Paunotangazve, dziviriro yacho inozoshandiswa zvakare.

Imwe sarudzo, inowanikwa chete mukati Windows 10/11 Pro uye edhisheni yepamusoroKuti uite izvi, shandisa Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc). Mukati meKugadziridza Kwemushandisi> Administrative Matemplate> System> Kuisirwa Mutyairi, unogona kugadzirisa iyo "Code kusaina yevatyairi vemudziyo" mutemo woiisa kune Yakaremara. Mushure mekutangazve, Windows ichave yakapfava zvakanyanya nevatyairi vasina kusaina kana vatyairi vane masiginicha asina mubvunzo.

Zvekuyedza nekusimudzira zviitiko pane izvo zvinonzi Muedzo mode Windows Test Mode inovhurwa kubva kune administrator console nekumhanyisa bcdedit command, uye inobvumira kurodha vatyairi vakasainwa nezvitupa zvebvunzo pasina kuda kuvapfuudza kuburikidza neveruzhinji. Mune iyi modhi, watermark inowanzoonekwa padesktop inoratidza kuti sisitimu iri muyedzo mode.

Pakupedzisira, pane yakanyanyisa sarudzo: kudzima zvachose mutyairi kuvimbika kutarisa uchishandisa bcdedit.exe (nointegritychecks parameter). Izvi zvinosiya sisitimu iri panjodzi yekuiswa chero mutyairi, zviri pamutemo kana kwete, uye zvinofanirwa kungoshandiswa muzviitiko chaizvo uye neruzivo rwakakwana rwezviri kuitwa.

Njodzi chaidzo dzekudzima kusaina mutyairi

Kuvhara kudzivirira uku hakusi kungokanganisa kudiki, asi kunovhura musuwo Imwe yekutyisidzira kwakaoma kuona: mutyairi-level rootkitsAya akaiswa sekunge ari madhiraivha ari pamutemo, asi kana atakurwa ane SYSTEM mvumo uye kugona kutarisa kana kushandura sisitimu padanho rakaderera.

A rootkit yerudzi urwu inogona kukanganisa internet traffic, kuisa zvitupa zvemanyepo, kutungamirazve kubatana kunzvimbo dzinodzorwa nevanorwisa, kuvhara kuisirwa antivirus, uye kufambisa kupinda kweimwe malware. Zvese izvi zvinogona kuitwa nechero pasina chinooneka chemushandisi, uye kunyangwe kune akawanda echinyakare kuchengetedza mhinduro.

Nekushanda neropafadzo dzepamusoro, vatyairi vane hutsinye ava vanenge varipo zvisingaoneki uye zvakaoma kubvisaMuzviitiko zvakawanda, mhinduro chete yechokwadi inosanganisira format iyo yose PC uye tanga kubva pakutanga, iyo inomiririra kurasikirwa kukuru kwenguva uye data kana pasina zvigadziriso zvemazuva ano.

Naizvozvo, kana application ikakukumbira kuti udzime siginecha yekumanikidza mutyairi kuisa "chimwe chinhu chemashiripiti," zvine hungwaru kunyumwira. Pese pazvinogoneka, zviri nani ku... tsvaga dzimwe nzira kana shanduro dzakasainwakunyangwe kana zvichireva kusiya imwe hardware isingachashandi kana mamwe maitiro chaiwo.

Vatyairi veWindows vachipikisa vatyairi vekugadzira

Paunenge uchiisa peripherals uye zvikamu, Windows inowanzopa generic drivers Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ushandise Hardware nenzira yakakosha. Semuenzaniso, multifunction printer inogona kudhinda pasina matambudziko uchishandisa generic driver, asi kana iwe uchida kuongorora, shandisa otomatiki gwaro feeder, kana kuwana sarudzo dzepamberi, unenge uchingoda mugadziri wepamutemo mutyairi package.

Izvi zvinoshandawo kumakadhi ekurira, makadhi emifananidzo, uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvakaoma: ine madhiraivha egeneric, komputa inoshanda, asi iwe unorasikirwa nemaitiro, optimizations yekuita, kana maturusi epamberi ekugadzirisa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vatyairi vepamutemo vanopawo aya maficha. chaiyo bug kugadzirisa iyo isingasviki madhiraivha eMicrosoft.

Nzvimbo yakakodzera yekurodha madhiraivha aya inogara iri webhusaiti yepamutemo yemugadziri wehardwarePaunotsvaga paGoogle, unowanzoona mapeji echitatu azere neanofungira "madhiraivha ekudhawunirodha" kana mainstaller kutanga. Kana chinongedzo chisiri kubva kudura remugadziri, zviri nani kuregeredza.

Kana kusaina kwemutyairi kukaramba kuchigoneswa, mazhinji eaya mapakeji anokahadzika achavharwa neWindows kana aona kuti haisi software kana kuti masiginecha haana kurongeka. Izvi zvinoshanda sechimwe chikamu chekuchengetedza kubva kune clumsy kana hutsinye chaihwo vanoisa.

Chiitiko chinoshanda: Kusaina chitupa kukanganisa nevatyairi veGPU mukati Windows 7

Pamakombiyuta ane hurongwa hwekare se Windows 7 64-bitZvakajairika kusangana nematambudziko paunenge uchiisa madhiraivha emazuva ano emakadhi emifananidzo kana zvimwe zvichangobva kuitika. Muenzaniso wakajairika kukanganisa "Zvitupa zvekusaina hazvina kuiswa. Ndokumbira isa zvitupa zvinodiwa" paunenge uchiedza kuisa madhiraivha. Nvidia yeGPUs seGTX 1060 kana iyo GTX 950.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyangwe mushandisi akadzima kusaina kwemutyairi pakutanga, mutyairi anotadza kushanda mushure mekutangazve nekuti mutemo wekusaina unogoneswa zvakare. Mhinduro dzakadai sekuisa ese ekare mavhezheni emutyairi, uchishandisa mamwe anoisa (seSnappy Driver Installer), kushandisa SHA-2 tsigiro yekuvandudza (se KB3033929), kana kudzosera kubva kuChishandiso Maneja kwakaedzwa pasina kubudirira.

Imwe mhinduro inoshanda yakashanda ndeye kuburitsa nemaoko zviri mukati meiyo installer vhezheni 474.11 (yazvino WHQL mutyairi weWindows 7) kune folda uye, kubva kuMutariri weChishandiso, gadziridza mutyairi weGPU nekusarudza sarudzo yekutsvaga komputa yemutyairi uye nekutsanangura iyo folda. Iyo nzira inogona kutadza neshanduro dzakazotevera, dzakadai se474.14, kana wizard isingazive mafaera eINF seanoshanda kune iyo system.

Iyi mhando yenyaya inotaridza kutetereka kwechiyero pakati vatyairi vazvino, SHA-2 zvitupa uye operating systems haichatsigirwiZviri kuramba zvichinetsa kuisa-uye chengetedza-vatyairi vemazuva ano pamapuratifomu ekare asingagamuchire zvigadziriso kana zvigamba zvekuchengetedza.

Maitiro ekuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko nevatyairi vane mhosva

Kunyange kana vatyairi vakasaina zvakakodzera, vanogona kukuvadzwa kana kusaenderana Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: kukakavara nemamwe mapurogiramu, malware, kuvharwa kwekuisa, Windows updates iyo isingapedzi kubudirira, nezvimwewo. Kana izvi zvikaitika, chigadziro chakakanganiswa chinowanzomira kushanda kana kushanda zvisina kunaka.

Yekutanga diagnostic tool ndeye Mudziyo wedhizaKudzvanya-kurudyi bhatani reKutanga uye kusarudza iyo inoenderana sarudzo inovhura runyoro rwakakwana rwese zvakaonekwa hardware. Kana mudziyo uine nyaya dzemutyairi, unozoiswa chiratidzo cheyero yekunyevera.

Muzviitiko izvi, kuedza kwekutanga kugadzirisa kudzvanya-kurudyi pachishandiso, sarudza "Gadziridza mutyairi," uye rega Windows itsvage mutyairi akakodzera, kungave munharaunda kana kuburikidza neWindows Update. Kana izvo zvikasashanda, unogona kusunungura chishandiso (kuchengeta mutyairi software kana kwete) uye wotangazve kuitira kuti Windows iedze kuidzosera kubva pakutanga.

Uyezve, Windows inosanganisira a hardware uye mudziyo troubleshooter Mukati meSettings panel, kunyanya muchikamu che "Update & Chengetedzo"> "Troubleshoot", wizard iyi inoongorora sisitimu yekukanganisa uye inopa otomatiki maitiro ekudzoreredza mashandiro evamwe vatyairi.

Kana imwe yekuvandudza mutyairi yakonzera dambudziko, zvingave zvinobatsira kushandisa sarudzo ye "Dzokera kune yapfuura controller" Mu "Driver" tebhu yezvivakwa zvemudziyo, chero Windows ikachengeta iyo yapfuura vhezheni. Izvi zvinodzosa kuisirwa kwedambudziko uye zvinogona kudzoreredza kugadzikana kwehurongwa.

Tarisa uye ongorora madhiraivha echitatu akaiswa paWindows

Kuti uve nekutonga kukuru pane zvakaiswa pane system, zvechitatu-bato maturusi akadai MutyairiView Turusi raNirsoft rinoratidza runyoro rwemadhiraivha ese akaiswa pakombuta yako. Iyo yemahara, inotakurika yekushandisa iyo inorerutsa zvakanyanya mutyairi kuongororwa.

DriverView inoshandisa iri nyore kwazvo ruvara kodhi: Vatyairi veMicrosoft vane siginecha yedhijitari inoshanda vanoonekwa vaine chena kumashure.Vatyairi vechitatu (kubva kune vanogadzira kana software yekuwedzera) vanoiswa mutsvuku. Izvi zvinobatsira kukurumidza kuona kuti ndezvipi zvidimbu zvepuzzle zvisingaenderane neiyo inoshanda sisitimu.

Rondedzero yacho inogona kurongwa nemakoramu, semuenzaniso ne "Company" kuunganidza vatyairi vese kubva kukambani imwechete. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Yekutarisa menyu inowanzo sanganisira sarudzo yekuvanza ese madhiraivha eMicrosoft uye kuratidza chete vechitatu-bato vatyairi, vachikubvumidza kuti utarise kune avo vanogona kukonzera kusawirirana.

Kudzvanya kaviri pane chero chinopinda kunovhura hwindo ne ruzivo rwemutyairi rwakadzamaShanduro, nzira yakazara, tsananguro, mugadziri, zuva rekurodha, nezvimwewo. Munyaya yevatyairi vasingazivikanwe kana vanofungira, data iri rinobatsira kuona kana vari chikamu chechirongwa chatinoshandisa chaizvo kana kuti zvinokurudzirwa kuti tiongorore zvakare uye kunyange kuvabvisa.

Tichifunga nezvemufananidzo uyu wese, zviri pachena kuti iyo siginecha yemutyairi uye zvitupa muWindows Iwo haasi echinyakare, asi chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza system kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka. Kunzwisisa kuti vatyairi vanosainwa sei, ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvinoshanduka pakati peshanduro dzeWindows, maturusi api aripo ekusimbisa, uye maitiro ekuita kana mutyairi asina kusaina kana kutadza kunotibvumira kuwana zvakanyanya kubva muhardware yedu tichiramba takasvinurira kutyisidzira kwakaderera.