Maitiro ekunyora uye kubata madhiraivha kubva kuPowerShell muWindows

Munzvimbo dzeWindows, kudzora kuti ndeapi madhiraivha akaiswa uye kuti imwe neimwe ine vhezheni ipi Ndiyo kiyi yekuchengetedza sisitimu kugadzikana, kugadzirisa bhuruu skrini, kana kugadzirira kutama. PowerShell yave chishandiso chakanakira kuita iyi mhando yezvinyorwa pasina kuenda kuburikidza neChishandiso cheManeja chimwe nechimwe.

Mumitsetse inotevera uchaona Maitiro ekunyora ma controller kubva kuPowerShell nenzira dzakasiyana, uye maitiro ekutumira kunze kumafaira ekuaongorora zvakadzikama, misiyano ipi iripo nevamwe rairo Chemhondoro kutyaira kana maturusi emifananidzo, uye kunyangwe mabatiro epamusoro-soro akadai semifananidzo isina mhepo kana madhiraivha akaremerwa.

Chii chinonzi mutyairi uye nei uchida kunyora kubva kuPowerShell?

MuWindows, mutongi kana mutyairi ari diki block yesoftware inoshanda semurevereri pakati peiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye chikamu che Hardware (kadhi remifananidzo, chipset, kuchengetedzaperipherals USBetc.). Kunyangwe iyo kodhi yavanogara haina hombe, maitiro avo pakugadzikana kwehurongwa akakura.

Kana mutyairi akakosha (semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza, network, mifananidzo kana chipset) kukanganisa, kunogona kukonzera kuparara, kurasikirwa kwekuita uye kunyange zvidzitiro zvebhuruu (BSOD)Ndosaka kuve nerunyoro rwakajeka rwevatyairi vakaiswa uye vhezheni yavo inobatsira zvakanyanya paunenge uchigadzirisa tsikidzi kana kugadzirira huru update.

Usati wamhanya kushandura, kubvisa, kana kudzosera kumashure madhiraivha, ipfungwa yakanaka kuderedza njodzi nehurongwa hwekudzosera nzvimboNenzira iyi unogona kudzoka kana chigadziriso chemutyairi chikatadza uye komputa ikatanga kuita zvisinganzwisisike kana kusatombo bhutsu nemazvo.

Mukuwedzera kune resitorendi, zvinokurudzirwa chengetedza data yakakosha (zvinyorwa, mapikicha, mapurojekiti ebasa, nezvimwewo), kunyanya kana uchizobata madhiraivha ekuchengetedza, nekuti kukanganisa kunogona kukonzera kuti sisitimu isakwire madhiraivha nenzira kwayo kana huwori ruzivo.

Basic command muPowerShell kunyora madhiraivha akaiswa

Nzira yakananga yekuwana dhairekitori rekutanga kubva kuPowerShell ndeye vimba neWMIImwe yemirairo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion

Ne cmdlet iyi, PowerShell inobvunza iyo Win32_PnPSsignedDriver WMI kirasi uye inodzosa runyoro rwevatyairi vePnP vakasaina, pamwe nezita remuchina uye vhezheni yemutyairi iyo system parizvino yakabatana nayo.

Kana iwe uchida zvishoma zvishoma nezve mutyairi wega wega, unogona kuwedzera minda senge zita reushamwari, zuva rekuburitsa, kana mugadziri. Semuenzaniso:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, FriendlyName, Manufacturer, DriverVersion, DriverDate

Nekubvunzana uku, uchawana Ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakwana rwekupinda kwega kwegaIzvi zvinokutendera kuti uone mavhezheni ekare, vagadziri chaivo, kana vatyairi vasina kuvandudzwa mumakore.

Maitiro ekutumira rondedzero yemutyairi kune faira (TXT kana CSV)

Muzvirongwa zvepasirese, kungoona rondedzero pachiratidziri kashoma kukwana. Iyo yakanyanya nyore nzira ndeye ... chengetedza mhedzisiro kufaira kuiongorora muExcel, igovane nechikwata, kana kuichengeta semufananidzo wemamiriro ehurongwa usati waita chero shanduko, semuenzaniso, zvisati zvaitika. bvisa vatyairi vekare.

Kana iwe uchingoda kukurumidza plain text list, unogona kutungamira zvinobuda kufaira:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion > C:\drivers.txt

Murairo iwoyo unogadzira faira C:\drivers.txt nechishandiso chakareruka uye chinyorwa chinyorwa. Yakanakira kukurumidza kunongedzera kana kubatanidza kune mushumo pasina kunetsekana kwakanyanya.

Paunenge uchitsvaga chimwe chinhu chinogoneka pakusefa uye kuronga, yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye kushandisa CSV uye iyo Export-CSV cmdletMuenzaniso wakajairika ungave:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, FriendlyName, DriverVersion, DriverDate | Export-CSV -Path "./MisDrivers.csv" -NoTypeInformation

Nemurairo uyu, faira rakanzi MyDrivers.csv iyo yaunogona kuvhura muExcel kana chero chirongwa chespredishiti ronga neshanduro, sefa nemusi wemutyairi, tsvaga vagadziri chaivo, Etc.

Kunyangwe dzimwe nguva zvichinzi PowerShell "haitenderi kutumira kunze kwenyika" rondedzero yevatyairi, muchokwadi Hongu, inogona kutengeswa kunze zvakanaka. Uchishandisa yakabuda redirection kana Export-CSV, sezvauchangobva kuona. Ipapo unogona kukopa, kunamira, kana kushanda neruzivo irworwo chero kwaunoda.

Sefa madhiraivha nemugadziri, zita, kana mavara chaiwo

Kazhinji, haungade kuona madhiraivha ese kamwechete, asi tarisa pane chaiyo mugadziri kana mudziyo rudzi. Nokuda kweizvi, unogona chaining mafirita ane Where-Object nezvezvinhu zvemutyairi wega wega.

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza chete vatyairi ve IntelIwe unogona kuita chimwe chinhu chiri nyore se:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion | Where-Object { $_.DeviceName -like "*Intel*" }

Uyu murairo unodzokorora kuburikidza nezvose zvinyorwa zvakadzorerwa neWMI uye Inongochengetedza avo vane zita remudziyo rine tambo "Intel"Kushandisa asterisk sekadhi remusango rinokutendera kuti utsvage machisi asina kukwana chero kupi muzvinyorwa.

Iro zano rinogona kushandiswa kutsvaga vatyairi vane hukama kune chaiyo application kana mhando yehardware, semuenzaniso gadziridza madhiraivha e USBKana uchiziva chikamu chezita, mugadziri, kana imwe patani yenzira, unogona gadzirisa sefa kune yakanyanya kugadzikana pfuma panguva imwe neimwe.

Wona madhiraivha kubva kuDhidhiyo Maneja uye mamwe maWindows maturusi

Kunyangwe PowerShell ine simba kwazvo pakuita otomatiki uye kutumira kunze zvinyorwa, Windows ichiri kupa classic graphical maturusi ekutonga vatongi iyo inofanirwa kuzivikanwa nekubatanidzwa nenzira yekuraira.

Yekutanga referensi poindi ndeye Mudziyo wedhizaIzvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekudzvanya-kurudyi pa "PC iyi" uye kusarudza "Manage," kana nekukurumidza uchishandisa menyu yemukati yebhatani rekutanga (Windows + X). Ikoko iwe uchaona muti une ese mahardware zvikamu akaiswa pane system.

Midziyo ine kuisirwa kana matambudziko ekushanda kazhinji inooneka nayo chiratidzo cheyero yambiroKana iwe ukadzvanya kaviri pane chero ipi zvayo, hwindo rezvivakwa rinovhura, kwaunogona kutarisa mamiriro emudziyo uye kuwana iyo "Driver" tab.

Mukati meiyo tab iwe unowana sarudzo dzakadai se "Nyaya dzemutyairi", "Gadziridza mutyairi", "Roll back driver", "Disable" kana "Uninstall"Izvi zviito zvinokutendera kuti utarise mafaera emutyairi, tsvaga mavhezheni matsva, dzokera kune yakapfuura vhezheni, dzima chishandiso pasina kuibvisa, kana kubvisa zvachose mutyairi kubva kuhurongwa.

Pamusoro pezvishandiso izvi, Windows inosanganisira murairo kutyaira kushandisa kubva ku kurumidza kuraira (CMD) Kumhanya driverquery Iwe uchawana runyorwa rweese madhiraivha akaiswa, uye ne driverquery /v Iwe uchaona rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama, sekushandisa ndangariro, zuva rekuvaka, kana chimiro.

driverquery uye hukama hwayo nePowerShell

Iyo driverquery command inoshanduka uye inobvumira Ona maonero akasiyana emamiriro emutyairiSemuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kunyora vatyairi vakasaina chete zvakadzama, unogona kumhanya:

driverquery /si

Iyi modhi inoratidza vatyairi vakasaina nemamwe mashoko anobatsira kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza kana kuongororwa kwekuvimbika. Uye iwe unogona kugara uchibvunza driverquery /? kuti uone ese aripo ma paramita uye kugadzirisa zvinobuda kune zvaunoda.

Imwe yezvakanakira driverquery ndeyekuti Unogona kuibatanidza nePowerShell uchishandisa ConvertFrom-CSVKana iwe ukagadzira iyo inobuda muCSV fomati uye poipi iyo, iwe unowana zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kubva kuPowerShell. Muenzaniso wekare ungave:

driverquery.exe /v /fo csv | ConvertFrom-CSV | Select-Object "Display Name", "Start Mode", "Paged Pool(bytes)", Path

Neizvi unosanganisa Iyo simba rekutyaira nePowerShell data manipulationKusarudza makoramu chete aunofarira: zita rekuratidza, nzira yekutanga, ndangariro yepeji, uye nzira yemutyairi padhisiki. Izvi zvinobatsira kana iwe uchida kusefa nemhando dzakasiyana, senge Graphics driver.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvese zvekutyaira uye mamwe akajairwa WMI mibvunzo inotarisa zvakanyanya pa vatyairi vakanyoreswa muhurongwa,vazhinji vakatutira mu bhutsu kana kutungamirirwa kuburikidza neregistry paHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services. Mamwe madhiraivha akaiswa jekiseni zvine simba panguva yekumhanya anogona kusaoneka mumazita aya.

Rondedzera vatyairi kubva kuPowerShell vane Get-WindowsDriver

Kuti uwane mamwe mamiriro epamusoro, kunyanya kana uchishanda nawo Windows pasina Indaneti mifananidzo (semuenzaniso, akaiswa maWIM), iyo cmdlet inobatsira zvikuru Tora-WindowsDriver, inova chikamu cheDISM maturusi anowanikwa kubva kuPowerShell.

Iyi cmdlet inokutendera kuti uratidze ruzivo nezve mutyairi mapakeji kune ese ari kumhanya Windows kuisirwa uye mufananidzo wakaiswa mufolda. Iyo huru syntax yakakamurwa kuita nzira mbiri dzekushandisa: offline uye online.

Kune imwe mufananidzo usina Indaneti wakaiswa mufoldaIyo general fomu ingave:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline"

Uye kushanda uchipesana neiyo inomhanya sisitimu, iwe waizoshandisa iyo parameter -Pamhepo:

Get-WindowsDriver -Online

Pasina mamwe ma paramita, Tora-WindowsDriver inodzorera rondedzero yevatyairi vechitatu aripo mumufananidzo. Kana iwe ukawedzera iyo modifier -ZvoseIwe uchaona zvakare madhiraivha akasarudzika anosanganisirwa nekukasira muWindows.

Zvikamu zvakakosha zveGet-WindowsDriver

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha parameters ndeye -Mutyairiiyo inokubvumira kuti utaure yakananga .inf faira kana folda ye.inf mafaira Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama nezvevatyairi ivavo. Kana ukanongedzera kune folda, .inf mafaira asiri echokwadi madhiraivha mapakeji anongoregeredzwa.

Paunenge uchishanda nemufananidzo usina Indaneti, iyo parameter -Path inotsanangura nzira yemudzi wemufananidzo wakaiswa. Kana iyo Windows folda isiri iyo pamudzi iwoyo, unogona kushandisa -Windows Directory kudoma diki folda parinowanikwa.

Parameter -SystemDrive Inoshandiswa mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge kana uchishanda kubva kuWindows PE uye bhutsu maneja iri pane imwe chikamu chakasiyana. Muzviitiko izvi, inoshanda kutsanangura dhiraivha ine BootMgr mafaera anofanirwa kupihwa.

Nezve irogi yebasa, parameter -LogPath Inokuita kuti utsanangure nzira yakazara kune iyo log file. Kana iwe ukasazvigadzirisa, iyo yakasarudzika nzira inoshandiswa. %WINDIR%\Logs\Dism\dism.logkana muWindows PE, nzvimbo yekukwenya mu RAM. Zvichakadaro, -LogLevel inosarudza verbosity yerogi, ine hunhu hunobva pakukanganisa chete kusvika kusanganisa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa.

Pakupedzisira, parameter -Scratch Directory Iyi ndiyo folda yenguva pfupi iyo mafaera anotorwa panguva yebasa rekushanda. Inofanira kunge iri nzira yemunharaunda uye, kana kushanda kwapera, iyo mafaira echinguvana Vanobviswa otomatiki kuti vasasiya.

Mienzaniso inoshanda neGet-WindowsDriver

Kuti uone nekukurumidza madhiraivha ekumisikidza kwako Windows ikozvino, unogona kumhanya:

Get-WindowsDriver -Online -All

Murairo uyu ucharatidza vatyairi vese (zvese system uye yechitatu-bato) iripo mumufananidzo unomhanya. Iyo inzira yakananga yekuona kuti ndeapi mapakeji akaiswa pasina kushandisa WMI kana Device Manager.

Kana uri kushanda ne a mufananidzo wakaiswa muC:\offline Uye kana iwe uchingoda kutarisa vatyairi vechitatu, unogona kuita zvinotevera:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline"

Kana iwe uchida ruzivo rwakadzama rwemumwe mutyairi weOEM mukati memufananidzo iwoyo, ingotsanangura iyo .inf faira:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline" -Driver "OEM1.inf"

Unogona kuwana .inf faira iri mune chaiyo mutyairi nzira, semuenzaniso:

Get-WindowsDriver -Path "C:\offline" -Driver "C:\drivers\Usb\Usb.inf"

Muzviitiko zvese izvi, Tora-WindowsDriver inodzorera zvinhu iyo yaunogona pombi kuSarudza-Chinhu, Kupi-Chinhu kana Export-CSV kusefa, kuronga kana kutumira kunze ruzivo kune iyo fomati inonyatsokodzera iwe.

PowerShell uye SCCM: Tora-CMDriver yemabhuku emutyairi

Paunotonga nharaunda yemakambani ne Configuration Manager (SCCM)Iwe hausi kungofarira vatyairi pakombuta yega yega, asi zvakare mune yepakati catalog yevatyairi iyo SCCM inochengetedza yekuisa mifananidzo uye mapakeji.

Muchirevo ichocho, iyo cmdlet inopinda. Tora-CMDriver, Izvo zvinoshandira Tora ruzivo kubva kumadhiraivha emudziyo anotungamirwa neConfiguration ManagerIyi cmdlet ine masiginecha akati wandei zvichienderana nezvaunoda kubvunza: nezita, nenhamba identifier, nemutyairi package, kana nechikamu chekutonga.

Iyo yekutanga syntax inosanganisira akasiyana akadai se:

Get-CMDriver

Get-CMDriver -DriverPackageId <String>

Get-CMDriver -DriverPackageName <String>

Get-CMDriver -Id <Int32>

Get-CMDriver -InputObject <IResultObject>

Nema paramita aya unogona kutungamira mibvunzo yako kune SCCM catalog, kusefa ne zita remutyairi, identifier, mapakeji anosanganisirwa, kana zvikamu zvekutonga iyo yawakatsanangura kuronga ma controller ako.

Mienzaniso neGet-CMDriver

Kana iwe uchiziva zita remumwe mutyairi, semuenzaniso "Surface Serial Hub Driver", unogona kuwana ruzivo rwayo ne:

Get-CMDriver -Name "Surface Serial Hub Driver"

Paunenge uchida kutarisa vatyairi vakati wandei vanogovana prefix yakafanana muzita ravo (seyese Surface mutyairi mhuri) uye iwe unongoda kuona zvimwe zvakakosha zvivakwa, unogona kushandisa chimwe chinhu senge:

Get-CMDriver -Fast -Name "Surface*" | Select-Object LocalizedDisplayName, DriverVersion, DriverDate

The modifier -Kutsanya Iyo inoderedza huwandu hweruzivo rwakadzoserwa uye nekumhanyisa kubvunza, izvo zvinonyatso kuoneka mumakatalog makuru. Zvadaro, neSarudza-Chinhu, Iwe unongochengeta makoramu anobatsira kwauri pakuongorora kwako.

Kana iwe uchitonga zvikamu zvekutonga (semuenzaniso, chikamu che "Surface" paunoronga vese avo vatongi), unogona kubatanidza chikamu uye kutora mutyairi seizvi:

$category = Get-CMCategory -Name "Surface"
Get-CMDriver -Fast -AdministrativeCategory $category

Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unotanga wachengeta chikamu mune chinosiyana uye wozobvunza Get-CMDriver kuti idzorere kwauri vatongi vese vanobatana nechikamu ichocho, chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kwazvo kuchengetedza maonero ane musoro evanodzora vako muSCCM.

Kuganhurirwa kana uchinyora madhiraivha akaremerwa zvine simba

Havasi vese vatyairi vanozvibata zvakafanana. Kune zvishandiso, senge zvimwe zviri mu suite. Sysinternals (semuenzaniso, Process Explorer kana handle.exe)iyo inopinza zvine simba vatyairi mu kernel kana vaurayiwa, vasina kuvanyoresa semasevhisi echinyakare anotakurwa pakutanga.

Muenzaniso chaiwo ndewemutyairi procexp152.sys (kana mavhezheni ekutanga akadai seprocexp113.sys), ane chekuita neProcess Explorer. Rudzi rwemutyairi urwu runogona kusaoneka mumibvunzo yakajairika ye Get-WmiObject Win32_SystemDriversezvo iyi mibvunzo ichitsamira paruzivo kubva kune registry masevhisi (CurrentControlSet\Services) uye kazhinji inoratidza kunyanya vatyairi vakaremerwa nehurongwa.

Saizvozvowo, driverquery inogona kusanyora madhiraivha ese ane dynamically jekiseniSaka kana iwe uchigadzirisa BSODs kana hunhu husina kunaka hunokonzerwa nevechitatu-bato maturusi anoremedza vatyairi vawo, ungangofanira kushandisa dzimwe nzira.

Pakati pedzimwe nzira idzodzo pane Ongorora ndangariro dumps tsanga nemidziyo yakaita seWinDbg, kana kushandisa zvishandiso senge verifier.exeMutyairi verifier inokutendera kuti usarudze vatyairi vaunoda kutarisa uye kuona hunhu husina kugadzikana, asi iyo graphical interface inopa akawanda enumeration sarudzo pane yekuraira-mutsara vhezheni, iyo inotarisana nekubvunza nekugadzirisa verification.

Muchidimbu, kune yakajairwa inventory uye kune zvakawanda zvekutonga zvinodiwa, PowerShell, WMI, uye Tora-WindowsDriver inovhara mabhesi zvakanaka kwazvo.Nekudaro, mune zvakanyanyisa zviitiko zvekugadzirisa zvinopisa-zvakaremerwa madhiraivha, iwe unozofanirwa kuwedzera nekernel yekuongorora maturusi.

Gadziridza madhiraivha nePowerShell uchishandisa PSWindowsUpdate

Pamusoro pekunyora madhiraivha, vazhinji maneja vanoshandisa PowerShell ku automate driver updates kuburikidza Windows Update uye zvakare for gadziridza madhiraivhaImwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeye PSWindowsUpdate module, iyo inowedzera yakajairwa yekuvandudza cmdlets.

Kuyerera kwakajairika kunopfuura gonesa kwekanguva kuita zvinyorwa zvakasainwaIsa iyo module uye wokumbira zvigadziriso zvemutyairi zvakananga kubva kumaseva eMicrosoft.

Iyo yakajairika seti yemirairo inogona kuva:

Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy Bypass
Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate
Import-Module PSWindowsUpdate
Get-WindowsUpdate
Get-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -Category Driver -Install -AutoReboot

Kutevedzana uku kunogonesa kuitwa kwescript kwechikamu chazvino, kuisa uye kuendesa kunze PSWindowsUpdate module, Iwe tarisa kuti ndezvipi zvigadziriso zviripo. Uye pakupedzisira, unokumbira kuti vaiswe kubva ku "Driver" chikamu kuburikidza neMicrosoft Update, ichibvumira iyo system kuti itangezve otomatiki kana zvichidikanwa.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera chiyero nekushandisa murairo unoisa zvese zvigadziriso zvakaonekwa kubva kuMicrosoft Update uye kutangazve pasina kupindira, semuenzaniso:

Get-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -Install -AutoReboot

Iyi nzira yekushanda inonyanya kushanda mu mapaki makuru echikwataApa ndipo paunoda kuenzanisa mutyairi shanduro pasina kuenda imwe neimwe. Nekudaro, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kubatanidza izvi neakare ekutanga hesiti yevatyairi uye, munzvimbo dzakaoma, edza muboka rekutyaira usati waendesa kusangano rose.