Inobatsira UEFI Shell Mirairo uye Mienzaniso Inoshanda

Mazuva ano, vashandisi vepamberi uye nehunyanzvi vashandisi vanofanirwa kudyidzana neiyo firmware yemidziyo yavo, kunyanya panguva yekugadzirisa, kugadzirisa matambudziko kana kuisirwa zvishandiso zvitsva. operating systems. Muchirevo ichi, the UEFI shell (Yakabatana Extensible Firmware Interface) inomira pachena sechishandiso chine simba chinopa yakananga uye inochinjika kupinda kune akatevedzana akakosha mirairo uye zvishandiso zvekutonga, kugadzirisa uye kuongorora bhutsu yekombuta.

Nekudaro, zvisinei nekukoshera kwayo, pane kumwe kuvhiringika nezve mashandisiro ayo uye kuti chii chaicho hunhu. Inobatsira mirairo muUEFI shellKana ichi chinyorwa chichiita sechiChinese kwauri, kana kana iwe uchitova neruzivo uye uchida kuenda mberi, heino a gwara rakadzama iyo inounganidza iyo yakazara yakazara uye yemazuva ano ruzivo rwakavakirwa pane zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa uye akanakisa anowanikwa masosi.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi UEFI shell?

El UEFI shell Inoita sekoni yakafanana nevamwe vaturikiri vemirairo (senge yekare DOS kana iyo terminal de Linux), asi irimo mukati meiyo firmware nharaunda yeboardboard yako. Kubva pano unogona kumhanya mirairo ku Manage EFI partitions, kuwana mafaera masisitimu, kurodha madhiraivha, vhura .efi maapplication, gadzirisa mafaera ekugadzirisa, uye kunyange otomatiki kutevedzana kuburikidza nezvinyorwa.. Pamusoro peizvi zvese, inopa zvine simba zvekuongorora uye kugadzirisa sarudzo, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha sosi kune vatariri uye vanofarira. Hardware.

Sei uchishandisa UEFI shell?

Kuwanikwa UEFI shell Inogona kuva tambo yehupenyu paunenge uchiida shandura kutevedzana kwebhoti, isa tsika bootloader, ongorora hardware, gadzirisa nyaya dzebhutsu, kana kushandura zvakananga firmware variables uye mafaera. Uyezve, mune dzakawanda hunyanzvi system, sevha, kana kunyange Hackintosh kumisikidzwa, iyi koni ndiyo chete nzira yekuita mamwe magadzirirwo epamberi.

Mhando dzemirairo muUEFI shell

In the UEFI nharaunda zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo mirairo uye zvishandisoIzvi zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nechinangwa chazvo. Pazasi, isu tinoongorora akajairika uye anobatsira ayo, akaputswa nenzvimbo yekushandiswa:

Mirairo yekuongorora uye kubata madhiraivha nemafaira

• fsX: Chinja pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvinozivikanwa, kupi X inomiririra nhamba yakapihwa (muenzaniso: fs0: kuwana yekutanga FAT16 partition kana FAT32 kuzivikanwa). Izvo zvakakosha pakufamba pakati pemidziyo nemafaira masisitimu kubva kugoko.
• cd : Inokutendera kuti uchinje dhairekitori razvino uye kufamba mukati meiyo faira chimiro cheiyo inoshanda partition.
• ls : Inoratidza runyoro rwemafaira uye maforodha mune yazvino kana yakatsanangurwa dhairekitori, inobatsira kwazvo pakuongorora zviri mukati meEFI.
• cp kwekuenda faira(s): Kopa mafaera kana maforodha (ane -r kuitira recursive dhairekitori kukopa).
• mv : Fambisa kana kutumidza zita mafaera nemaforodha.
• rm faira/dir: Delete mafaira uye madhairekitori.
• mkdir dir: Inogadzira madhairekitori matsva munzira yakatarwa.
• mhando yefaira: Inoratidza zviri mukati mefaira mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
• gadzirisa file_name: Inovhura chinyorwa chakareruka kugadzira kana kugadzirisa mafaera zvakananga kubva kugoko.

Mepu yemidziyo uye manejimendi mirairo

• mepu : Inonyora zvese zvishandiso uye zvikamu zvinowanikwa neUEFI, ichipa mazita akadai fs0: yefaira masisitimu kana blk0: zvema block devices. Izvi zvakakosha pakuona nzvimbo dzeEFI disks uye zvikamu. Semuyenzaniso, unogona kuona zvinobuda se:

  fs0 : VenHw(Chishandiso Chisingazivikanwe:00)/HD(Chikamu1,Sig00000000) blk0 : VenHw(Chishandiso Chisingazivikanwe:00)

  fsX: inoreva kuwanikwa kweFAT16/FAT32 faira masisitimu, nepo blkX: Inozivisa block zvishandiso zvakaonekwa neiyo firmware.

• gomo BlkDevice: Mount a block mudziyo sefaira system ine alias kana uchida.
• deblk : Inoita hexadecimal dump yezvivharo zvidhina, inobatsira pakuongorora kwakaderera.
• devtree : Inoratidza muti wemidziyo iripo, inonakidza kwazvo kunzwisisa iyo hardware topology.

Boot manejimendi uye EFI siyana

• bcfg: Uyu murairo wakakosha pakugadzirisa sarudzo dzebhoti muEFI NVRAM. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuwedzera, kubvisa, kana kunyora bhutsu uye mapindiro emutyairi. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera tsika bootloader (yakadai seClover), unogona kushandisa:

  bcfg boot wedzera 0 fs1:\EFI\CLOVER\CLOVERX64.efi "Clover"

  Kupi 0 ndicho chinonyanya kukosha, fs1: chikamu panowanikwa .efi faira, uye nharo yekupedzisira izita rekutanga menyu yekupinda. Kuti utore EFI zvinosiyana, unogona zvakare kureva .

• dmpstore: Inorasa zvirimo muchitoro cheEFI chinoshanduka, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kana kugadzirisa maitiro azvino.
• Dzokerazve : Inoita inotonhora reboot ye system, inobatsira mushure mekugadzirisa zvakakomba marongero.

Vatyairi, maprotocol uye kugadzirisa

• batanidza Handle#: Inobatanidza mutyairi weEFI nemudziyo uye anoirova.
• bvisa DeviceHandle# ]: Bvisa mudziyo kubva kumutongi, izvo zvakakosha kana uchibata vatyairi kana kuongorora kusawirirana.
• vatyairi : Inoratidza madhiraivha akaiswa pane system.
• drvcfg, drvdiag: Vanokoka zvigadziriso uye diagnostic mapuroteni evatongi, anobatsira pakugadzirisa munzvimbo dzakaoma.
• loadpcirom, load driver_name: Vanotakura PCI sarudzo ROMs kana mamwe madhiraivha, achibvumira iyo firmware kushanda kuti iwedzere.
• bootmaint: Inotanga bhoti yekugadzirisa maneja, chinhu chinooneka chekugadzirisa bhutsu sarudzo mukati megoko.

Memory management uye kuraswa kwedata

• dmem : Inokutendera kuti uratidze zviri mukati menzvimbo yekurangarira, yakanakira kugadzirisa kwepamberi.
• mem : Dumps yakagoverwa ndangariro kana I/O.
• memmap : Inoratidza mepu yekurangarira system, ichipa tarisiro yeyakashandiswa uye yemahara ndangariro.
• mm address: Inokutendera kuti uchinje ndangariro nzvimbo, ingave yemuviri kana MMIO. Kazhinji inoshandiswa nematekiniki uye vanogadzira.

Mirairo ine chekuita nezuva, nguva uye nharaunda

• date : Inoratidza kana kuseta system date.
• nguva: Tarisa kana kugadzirisa nguva.
• ver: Inoratidza yazvino vhezheni yeUEFI shell.
• cls : Inochenesa iyo terminal skrini, yakanakira kuchengetedza zvinhu kana uchishanda kwenguva yakareba pane koni.
• modhi: Inoseta kana kubvunza iyo iripo magiraidhi modhi mugoko.

Scripting uye Automation Mirairo

• echo | ]: Inoratidza mavara pachiratidziro uye inodzora maungira emirairo mukati mezvinyorwa zve.nsh.
• kana, zvimwe, endif, ye, endfor, goto tag, imbomira: Basic control zvimiro zveotomatiki zvinyorwa, kufambisa otomatiki yemaitiro kana akaomarara mabasa munzvimbo yeUEFI.

Advanced diagnostics uye hardware kuyedzwa

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeUEFI, dzakadai sedziya dzakaitwa neOracle kana pamapuratifomu ebhizinesi, dzinosanganisira yekuongorora CLI ine mirairo chaiyo yekutarisa sisitimu hardware. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:

• cfgtbl: Inoratidza ese akaiswa UEFI matafura, akakosha pakunzwisisa iyo firmware chimiro.
• cpu {cpuid | info | muenzaniso | speed | simd | pamusoro | sysregs | idt | memcfg }: Inomhanya bvunzo uye inoratidza ruzivo rwakadzama nezveCPU.
• fpu: Inoita floating point unit tests.
• mifananidzo: Inoratidza anowanikwa magiraidhi modhi kana kuita bvunzo paari.
• ndangariro {bvunzo | ruzivo }: Inoedza uye inoratidza ruzivo nezve RAM uye marongero ayo.
• network: Wona Ethernet interface kana mhanyisa bvunzo dzekubatanidza.
• rtc: Tarisa zuva razvino uye nguva mu 24h fomati.
• kuchengetedza { info | mst | rrt | srt | rwv }: Anoongorora uye anoita bvunzo pamidziyo kuchengetedza.
• system {acpi | info | inventory | symbios | cpuestockets | peki }: Inoratidza general system ruzivo, inobatsira zvakanyanya pamaseva.
• rpm: Inoratidza ruzivo nezve yekuchengetedza module (TPM) uye matanda ekuwana.
• USB: Inonyora ruzivo nezve USB zvishandiso uye hubs.

Zvinhu zvekuchengeta mupfungwa kana uchishanda neUEFI shell

Mimwe mibvunzo yakakosha yekufunga nezvayo usati wanyura:

• Iyo UEFI shell, kunze kwemuzviitiko zvakati, inowanzoshanda chete nezvikamu zvakarongwa muFAT16 kana FAT32. Kana dhisiki yako faira system iri NTFS, exFAT kana chero imwe, Nzvimbo iyi haizokwanisi kuiwana.
• Kuti uwane mirairo yese iripo mushanduro yako yeUEFI shell, unogona kushandisa murairo kana, zvichienderana nemutauro uye firmware chaiyo.

Muenzaniso unoshanda wekushandisa: kuwedzera tsika bootloader

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekushanda neUEFI shell ndeyekugadzirisa kutevedzana kwebhoti kurodha tsika bootloader (semuenzaniso, Clover kana OpenCore paHackintosh kana tsika Linux kumisikidza). Iyo yakakosha maitiro angave:

1. Chinja kune yakakodzera EFI chikamu ne fsX:
2. Tarisa zvirimo ne ls o dir.
3. Mhanya kuraira bcfg boot kuwedzera , semuenzaniso:
   bcfg boot add 0 fs1:\EFI\CLOVER\CLOVERX64.efi "Clover"
4. Tarisa kuti chinyorwa chagadzirwa nemazvo uye wotangazve komputa kuti uone shanduko.

Iyo UEFI goko chishandiso chakanyanyisa uye chine simba. Kuziva mirairo yayo uye zvekushandisa hazvingofambisi kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko, asi zvakare zvinokupa iwe kutonga kwakazara pamusoro peiyo system yako boot process. Kudzidzira uye kuyedza munzvimbo dzakadzorwa inzira dzakanakisa dzekujairana nekushanda kwayo uye kutora mukana wakazara wezvaanogona.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Maitiro ekuwana uye kugadzirisa firmware (BIOS/UEFI) marongero kubva kuLinux uchishandisa systemctl uye systemd

Isaac

Anofarira munyori nezve nyika yemabytes uye tekinoroji zvakazara. Ini ndinoda kugovera ruzivo rwangu kuburikidza nekunyora, uye ndizvo zvandichaita mune ino blog, kukuratidza zvinhu zvese zvinonyanya kufadza nezve gadget, software, hardware, tekinoroji maitiro, nezvimwe. Chinangwa changu ndechekukubatsira kufamba munyika yedhijitari nenzira iri nyore uye inonakidza.