Gadzirisa buffer uye saizi dzemutsara muPowerShell uye CMD

Paunenge uchishanda neiyo console muWindows, kugadzirisa iyo sikirini buffer size uye nhamba yemitsara muhwindo inogona kuita mutsauko pakati pechirongwa chakatsetseka uye chiitiko chisingaregi. Uyezve, munzvimbo dziri kure dzekutonga (senge serial kuwana neSAC mu michina chaiyo), kuziva nzira yekudyara kana zoom koni uye kuita paginate zvakabuda nenzira kwayo kwakakosha kuti udzivise kurasikirwa neruzivo.

Muchirongwa ichi ndinokuudza, nenzira yakananga uye yakazara rairo, sei kugadzirisa zvese kubva CMD y PowerShell: kubva basic design controls uye mavara, kuburikidza neMODE uye COLOR mirairo, kushingirira kuburikidza neRegistry, console kuvandudzwa mukati Windows 10 uye shandisa mukuda mamiriro akadai se. Azure VM neSACIwe uchaona zvakare izvo iyo Windows Console API yekuisa mabuffers / mahwindo ndeye nezve uye kuti inokwana sei pamwe chete neWindows. chiteshi.

Chii chinonzi screen buffer uye kuti chinoenderana sei nehwindo

Iyo skrini buffer igridi yemaseru ehunhu (hupamhi x kureba) uye imwe neimwe console ine hwindo rakabatana rinoratidza chikamu chine rectangular cheiyo buffer. hwindo harigone kudarika zviyero zvebhafa kana izvo skrini inobvumira zvichienderana nehukuru hwefonti. Naizvozvo, kana hwindo rakakura kupfuura buffer, mamwe mavhisi anotadza.

Windows API mabasa anokubatsira kunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa miganhu iyi: GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo inodzosera saizi yebhafa, nzvimbo yehwindo uye yakakura inogoneka saizi yakapihwa buffer/source/screen, uku GetLargestConsoleWindowSize inoverengera iyo yakanyanya hwindo ichifuratira saizi yebhafa. Kuswededza mukati kana kunze, shandisa SetConsoleScreenBufferSize (inoshandura saizi yebhafa) uye SetConsoleWindowInfo (inogadzirisa kana kuisazve hwindo) nekuremekedza zvirambidzo zvataurwa.

Gadzirisa saizi yebhafa uye nhamba yemitsara muCMD

Kuti ugadzirise nekukurumidza kubva kune iyo console pachayo, iwo murairo MODE CON Ndiyo yemhando yepamusoro: define columns (COLS) uye mitsetse (LINES). Muenzaniso wakajairika ungave wekumisikidza compact console ine makumi manomwe makoramu uye 9 mitsara: MODE CON cols=70 lines=9. Iyi nzira inokanganisa hwindo uye saizi yebhafa mumutambo mumwe chete.

Kana iwe uchida inoshingirira uye granular nzira, shandisa iyo Console Properties (tinya kurudyi pane zita > Zvivakwa). MuSarudzo tab, shandisa Kurumidza kugadzirisa e Kuisa kukurumidza kunamira nekusarudza zvinyorwa, uye woisa Raira Nhoroondo: Buffer Size kusvika 999 uye Nhamba yeBuffers kusvika pa5 (mimwe mitsara yekuchengeta uchipuruzira). PaLayout tab, simudza iyo Buffer urefu (somuenzaniso, 2500), uye gadzirisa ukuru uye nzvimbo yehwindo; kana iwe ukasatarisisa Rega iyo sisitimu imise hwindo, unogona kuseta chaiwo marongero.

Kugadzirisa kuverenga uye aesthetics, sarudza font uye saizi mutebhu Fuente, uye anotsanangura mavara muColours tab. Kubva pamutsetse wekuraira iwe unogona zvakare kuchinja mavara ne COLOR uye maviri-manhamba hex hunhu (kumashure uye zvinyorwa). Semuyenzaniso: COLOR 0E shandisa black background uye yellow text; inobatsira yekutarisa consoles munzvimbo dzakasviba.

Kana iwe uchida kuti mamwe marongero arambe aripo uye ashandiswe nekusarudzika, Windows inoachengeta muRegistry. Makiyi anonyanya kukosha: HKCU\Console\ (default) uye HKCU\Console\%SystemRoot%_system32_cmd.exe (zvakananga kune cmd.exe). Iwe unogona kutumira kunze / kuunza kukosha senge QuickEdit, ScreenBufferSize, WindowSize, NumberOfHistoryBuffers, WindowPosition o HistoryBufferSize ine .REG kuti udzokorore marongero ako pasina kugadzirisa zvakare nemanyorero.

Mukuwedzera, CMD kutanga inotsigira a Autorun kuratidza mameseji kana kuita zviito pese painovhurwa. In HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor inogadzira (kana kugadzirisa) kukosha kwetambo Autorun uye ipa semuenzaniso: ECHO "Bienvenido a la consola"Yakanakira nzvimbo dzekutsigira uko kukwazisa kana kukurumidza kukurumidza kunodiwa.

Uchenjeri hunobatsira kurongedza marongero kuita a batch. Sanganisa saizi uye ruvara nechinhu chakadai: @ECHO OFF & mode con cols=46 lines=9 & COLOR 1F & ECHO Variables...Izvi zvinokupa iwe windows ane zviyero zvakafanotaurwa uye mavara, akakwana kune zvinyorwa zvisingade skrini yese.

PowerShell uye Kukura: Zvaunogona uye Haugone Kuita

PowerShell inoshandisa zvakafanana console injini (conhost.exe) kupfuura CMD, saka inogara nhaka yakawanda yemaitiro akafanana: saizi inooneka inoenderana nebuffer, hwindo, uye saizi yefonti. Kana iwe ukagadzirisa aya ma paramita kuburikidza neZvivakwa, iwe uchaona zvakafanana maitiro muPowerShell.

Mune serial console mamiriro ane SAC (Special Administration Console), iyo inorambidzwa yakakura: nharaunda inoisa a yakaderedzwa buffer ye80 × 24 uye pasina kupuruzira kumashure, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuita paginate nazvo | more mumirairo mirefu. Kufambira mberi, shandisa spacebar (peji) kana Enter (mutsara). Namatidza mapfupi anochinjawo: pane serial console, paste inoenda nayo SHIFT+INSERT.

Kana iwe kazhinji uchikumbira nzira yekudimbudzira keyboard ye shandura saizi yefonti Pakubhururuka, nzira yakajairika ichiri Properties> Source. Pazvinyaradzo zvemazuva ano, unogona kugadziridza hwindo nekukweva makona, uye zvinobuda zvinogadziriswa nesarudzo Kubuda kwemavara kwakagadziridzwa pakukura, asi hapana nzira yekudimbudzira yepasirese yakanyorwa mune zvatinobata pano.

Kushandisa mavara, buffer kureba, kana mitsara kubva kuPowerShell inoshanda sezvakangoita kubva kuCMD, nekuti iwo zvinhu zvekunyaradza. Kuti uite otomatiki maconsoles ane anodzokororwa ekuona paramita, gadzira maprofile kana zvinyorwa zvinoshanda MODE y COLOR pakutanga kweseshini, kana gadzirisa iyo Window Properties yakanamirwa kune chaiwo mapfupi.

Kushandisa SAC paWindows uye Azure: Size Limits uye Paging Tricks

PaWindows VMs (kusanganisira Azure), SAC yanga iripo kubvira Windows Server 2003 asi yakaremara. Zvinovimba nazvo sacdrv.sys, sevhisi sacsvr uye maitiro sacsess.exe. Pakuvhura hwindo rekuraira muSAC, sacsess.exe pfumo cmd.exe mukati meiyo OS inomhanya, uye kubva ipapo unogona kuvhura PowerShell, maneja masevhisi, kana kubata panetiweki uye firewall.

Nokuda kwe limited buffer 80x24 isina mupumburu, rangarira kuwedzera | more kune chero verbose command. Kuti unamate mune serial console: SHIFT+INSERTMuzvinyorwa zvirefu, kazhinji zviri nani kunyora mirairo mupepeti yenzvimbo uye nekuiisa muSAC kudzivirira nyaya pfupi dzebhafa.

Inobatsira kutonga mirairo muCMD mukati meSAC: gonesa RDP game reg add en HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server uye munzira yepolicy kana zvichibvira; maneja iyo Remote Desktop sevhisi ne sc (sc query termservice, sc config, sc start/stop); uye bata mambure nawo netsh (ratidza nzvimbo, manikidza DHCP ne netsh interface ip set address ... source=dhcp).

Kune yekubatanidza diagnostics, ping y telnet (mushure mekugonesa mutengi neDISM) akanakira bvunzo nekukurumidza; muPowerShell yemazuva ano zviri nani Test-NetConnection (zviteshi zvinosanganisirwa). The DNS resolution Inosimbiswa ne nslookup o Resolve-DnsNameKana iwe uchifungidzira iyo Firewall, unogona kunyora yakatarwa mitemo kana kudzima kwenguva pfupi profiles nayo netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off uye reactivate with ... on (usamise MPSSVC kana BFE kana kuti ucharasikirwa nekubatana zvachose).

Kune maakaundi emuno, muCMD: net user /add, net localgroup Administrators <usuario> /add, net user <usuario> /active:yes. MuPowerShell: New-LocalUser, Add-LocalGroupMember y Enable-LocalUser (mune mavhezheni ekutanga anoshandisa WMI). Izvo zvinobatsira kuziva iyo SID yeiyo yakavakirwa-mukati maneja account (S-1-5-21-*-500).

Chiitiko Log: MuCMD, wevtutil qe inobvumidza iwe kusefa nedanho, mupi uye nguva yekupindirana neXPath (mienzaniso ine EventID=11 kana kuongorora 4624); muPowerShell, Get-WinEvent game -FilterXPath y -MaxEvents Zvakangofanana kwauri nekufometa kuri nani. Kunyora software, wmic product Inoshanda (chenjerera kukanganisa); muPowerShell unogona zvakare kutarisa WMI uye uninstall nayo .Uninstall().

System kutendeseka: sfc /scannow y dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth kuona kukanganisa; mvumo NTFS game icacls kutumira kunze / kuchengetedza / kudzoreredza ACLs, uye kutora muridzi ne takeown kana zvakakodzera. Kuchenesa zvisipo zvePNP zvishandiso ne RUNDLL32.exe ... pnpclean.dll,RunDLL_PnpClean /Devices /Maxclean. Kumanikidza kuvandudza mutemo ne gpupdate /force. Tangazve ne shutdown /r /t 0 (o Restart-Computer game -Force).

Reizi nemapikisesi maringe nemakoramu/mitsetse

Kusanzwisisana kunowanzoitika kuda kugadzirisa hwindo 600 × 125 pixels chaiyo kubva kuPowerShell. Iyo yekirasi console inogadzirwa nemakoramu / mitsetse uye kuenzana kwepixels kunoenderana ne font uye saizi yayo. Saka nzira yakavimbika ndeiyi: 1) sarudza font/saizi (Properties> Font), 2) gadzirisa buffer/hwindo ne MODE CON kana kubva kuLayout tab, uye 3) gadzirisa chinzvimbo/hwindo kana zvichidikanwa neZvivakwa.

Kana iwe uchida programmatic chaiyo, iyo yemuno API inopa SetConsoleScreenBufferSize y SetConsoleWindowInfo. Nekudaro, iwe unozofanirwa kuyeuka kuti hwindo harigone kudarika buffer uye iyo chaiyo yakakura saizi inoenderana nechidzitiro uye kunobva; GetLargestConsoleWindowSize inokupa iyo yekumusoro inosunga pasina kufunga nezve buffer.

In Windows 10, unogona kudhonza kona kuti udzore hwindo, uye nesarudzo yeku Kubuda kwemavara kwakagadziridzwa pakukura Kana yabatidzwa, mavara anopetwa kudzivirira kutenderera kwakachinjika mumahwindo madiki. Maitiro aya anoponesa kana achirongazve maconsoles paNOC monitors kana zvidzitiro zvemadziro.

Console kuvandudzwa mukati Windows 10 iyo inobatsira nehukuru

Iyo console inowana mapfupi Ctrl (kopa/namira sezviri mukati Apps yemazuva ano), yakawedzerwa kusarudzwa kwemavara ekhibhodi uye tsigiro ye kuputira kusarudzwa pakati pemitsetse sezvaungaita mupepeti. Pamusoro pezvo, pane kusefa kwemukati clipboard kushandura makotesheni akamonana kana mamwe mavara asina kutsigirwa, kudzivirira matambudziko pakunamira.

Chimwe chitsva: unogona saizi nekukweva hwindo; kana iwe uchiita izvi, iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa otomatiki iyo buffer uye hwindo zviyero. Kune avo vanogadzirisa zvakawanda, activate Mavara ezvinobuda anogadziridzwa kana achinjwa saizi Ndiyo yakakosha, sezvo inodzokorora mitsetse yakareba kana ichideredza saizi.

Kune aesthetics kana kupindirana nemamwe maapplication, iyo tebhu Colors inobatanidza kutonga kwe Opacity pakati pe30% ne100%. Pa 30% hwindo rinova rakajeka; inobatsira tarisa matanda pasina kuvhara zvachose maturusi ekutsigira.

Kana iwe ukaona bhokisi re Kushandisa legacy console yakabatidzwa, bvisa kudzvanya kuti igone kugonesa aya maficha emazuva ano. Mazhinji ane grey kunze nepo legacy modhi iripo, saka dzima uye vhurazve console.

Windows Terminal: Kuchengetedza zvigadziriso uye maprofile

Windows Terminal inoisa pakati CMD/PowerShell/WSL profiles uye marongero avo anogara mune settings.json en %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState. Usati wabata kugadzirisa kwakanaka, ita negadziriro yeparutivi kukopa faira kune yakachengeteka nzira (semuenzaniso, D:\Backup) pamwe: copy /y /v %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json D:\Backup.

Iyi JSON inogona kugadziriswa neNotepad; ipapo unogona kubanira saizi yemafonti, madingindira, opacity, mavara, uye mipumburu maitiro eprofile yega yega, zvichikupa nzira inowirirana yekuvhura maconsoles ane chitarisiko uye saizi yaunoda pasina kuvimba nekudzvanya kwemaoko nguva dzese.

Network uye Firewall Operations: Makiyi Mirairo Unozotenda pane Diki Consoles

Nezvinyararire zvidiki, zviri nani kushandisa mirairo mipfupi: Test-NetConnection (PowerShell) tangazve ping uye doko kuyedzwa ne -Port; muCMD, isa TelnetClient neDISM uye bvunzo madoko ne telnet host 80. ZveDNS: Resolve-DnsName (PS) kana nslookup (CMD). Inonyanya kushanda mumahwindo ane mitsetse mishoma uye yakasanganiswa nayo | more muSAC.

Firewall: nyora mitemo nechiteshi ne Get-NetFirewallPortFilter muPowerShell (kana iyo COM chinhu hnetcfg.fwpolicy2 pane ekare masisitimu) uye anodzora profiles ne Set-NetFirewallProfile. MuCMD, netsh advfirewall ichiri kushanda. Dzivisa kumira MPSSVC kana BFE, kana iwe unoburitsa pasi network yese.

Masevhisi, Kutema, uye Sisitimu: Zvinokosha zveKure Zvikamu

Kune Remote Desktop Services, PowerShell ine WMI (Get-WmiObject Win32_Service) inokuratidza iwe home account, mhando ye bhutsu, nzira uye PID, pamwe nenyika. Chinja rudzi rwekutanga ne Set-Service uye dependencies kubva HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TermService. Tanga/mira ne Start-Service/Stop-Service.

Mune Registry mamiriro, PowerShell inobata makiyi ne Get-ItemProperty y Set-ItemProperty kutarisa kana kugonesa RDP. Kana mutemo weboka ukasimbisa kukosha mukati HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services, yeuka kuti shanduko yako inogona kudhindwa neiyo inotevera policy update.

System Diagnostics: systeminfo y wmic os Ivo vanokupa vhezheni, kuvaka, zuva rekuisa, nguva yenguva uye yekupedzisira bhutsu. For safe mode, bcdedit /enum uye sefa ne safeboot. Kurumidza kutangazve ne shutdown /r /t 0 o Restart-Computer kana iwe watova muPowerShell.

Kupeji, kukopa, kufamba, uye kutsvaga zvemukati: PowerShell kugadzirwa

Zvinyararire zvidiki zvinokumanikidza kutaipa nekukasira. Get-Content nemaparameter akadai -TotalCount o -Tail inokubatsira kuona kutanga kana kupera kwemafaira akareba. Kubatanidza pasina looping, shandisa gc *.txt -Exclude granben.txt > granben.txt, kudzivisa kusanganisira iyo yakabuda faira mune inopinza pachayo.

The channeling (|) inowedzera kubereka: gc archivo.txt | measure -Line -Word -Character inoverenga mitsetse, mazwi uye mavara. Sarudza-Tring (sls) inotsvaga mapatani mune akawanda mafaera ane wildcards uye inokupa mamiriro pasina kuvhura iwo ega.

Instance metadata muAzure kusimbisa kubatana

Pane Azure VM, tarisa iyo Instance Metadata Service Kubva kumuenzi, bvunzo yekubatanidza kune Azure masevhisi. MuPowerShell: $im = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{'metadata'='true'} -Uri http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-08-01 -Method GET uye ipapo $im | ConvertTo-Json kuti uone osType, vmSize, vmId, zita, resourceGroupName kana yakavanzika / yeruzhinji IPs. Kana izvi zvapindura, muenzi anosvika paAzure host.

Rangarira kuti Azure NICs inofanira kushandisa DHCP mukati memuenzi OS, kunyangwe iine static IP yakapihwa muAzure. Seta adapta ne Set-NetIPInterface -DHCP Enabled kana neWMI mushanduro dzekare.

Kutarisa maadapter: Get-NetAdapter (kana WMI) inoratidza chimiro, tsananguro uye Mac. Vhura ne Enable-NetAdapter kana iyo inonzi WMI .Enable()Iyi mibvunzo yakabatana uye inoshamwaridzana kune pfupi-mutsara consoles.

Chekupedzisira, rangarira kuti muSAC zvikamu zvine mashoma buffer, kubvisa PSReadLine game Remove-Module PSReadLine Dzivisa zvisingadiwe akawedzera mavara paunenge uchinamira zvivharo zvemavara; tarisa kutanga ne Get-Module PSReadLine.

Nezvese zviri pamusoro unokwanisa kuyera zvakanaka koni yako (nebuffer uye hwindo), chengeta iyo inobuda ichiverengeka, uye mhanyisa manejimendi uye diagnostics zviri zviviri munharaunda uye kure neSAC, pasina kurasikirwa nedata.

Mastering buffer, hwindo, uye saizi yekubuda kwerukova hakusi nyore chete: inokutendera kuti ushande nekukurumidza, isa windows pane mamonitor makuru, uye chengetedza zvikamu zvekutsigira zviri pasi pekutonga kunyangwe nharaunda ichiisa 80x24 miganhu. MODE CON, Properties, Registry, Console API, Windows 10 kuvandudzwa uye chirango chekupeja ne | more, une zvese zvekuti CMD nePowerShell zvigadzirise kwauri uye kwete neimwe nzira.