Umarni don gyara kwamfutoci: cikakken jagora tare da SFC, DISM, da CHKDSK

Idan Windows ta fara tuntuɓe, buɗe keɓance kurakurai a cikin fayiloli ko kuma kawai ya rataya, da Umurnin umarni Zai iya fitar da ku daga matsala tare da 'yan kaɗan umarni lambar maɓalli. SFC, DISM, da CHKDSK sune kayan aikin asali guda uku mafi inganci don gyara tsarin.kowannensu yana da manufa daban-daban da madaidaicin ikonsa.

Kafin mu sauka zuwa kasuwanci, wasu labarai masu kyau: zaku iya sarrafa su da hannu ko daga fayil ɗin batch (.bat) tare da gatan gudanarwa, kuma za su yi aiki iri ɗaya akan duka Windows 10 da [sauran tsarin aiki]. Windows 11. Ƙirƙiri ƙarami script Waɗannan abubuwan amfani suna adana lokaci akan ayyukan kulawa kuma ya bar ƙungiyar a shirye ba tare da yin umarni da umarni ba; Hakanan za'a iya haɗa shi tare da dabaru don PC yana farawa ta atomatik.

Muhimman umarni na CMD don gyara Windows

Lokacin da muke magana game da gyara Windows daga na'ura wasan bidiyo, akwai manyan jarumai guda uku da ba a jayayya ba. SFC yana duba fayilolin tsarin, DISM yana gyara hoton Windows, kuma CHKDSK yana duba faifai. neman kurakurai da ɓangarori masu lahani.

SFC (Mai duba fayil ɗin tsarin)

Mai duba Fayil ɗin Tsari yana bincika fayilolin Windows masu kariya kuma yana maye gurbin waɗanda suka lalace da amintattun kwafi. Umarnin tauraronsa shine sfc/scannowwanda yakamata a ƙaddamar akan na'ura mai kwakwalwa tare da gata mai gudanarwa.

Don ganin duk zaɓuɓɓukan da ke akwai, gudu sfc /?. Daga cikin masu gyara masu amfani su ne:

• / dubawa: yana dubawa ta atomatik kuma yana gyara fayilolin da aka kare.
• /tabbatar kawai: dubawa kawai, baya gyarawa.
• /scanfile: tantancewa da gyara takamaiman fayil ta hanyar nuna hanyarsa.
• /tabbatar da fayil: yana duba takamaiman fayil ba tare da gyara shi ba.
• /offbootdir y /offwindir: don amfani da SFC a cikin shigarwar layi.
• /offlogfile: yana bayyana fayil ɗin log lokacin amfani da SFC na layi.

Saƙonni da yawa na iya bayyana a ƙarshen bincike. Mafi yawansu sune:

• Kariyar Albarkatun Windows bai sami wani keta mutunci ba: ba a sami lalacewa ba.
• Kariyar albarkatu ta Windows ta sami ɓatattun fayiloli kuma ta yi nasarar gyara su: SFC ta gyara ɓatattun fayilolin.
• Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ta samo fayilolin ɓarna amma ya kasa gyara wasu daga cikinsu: Kuna buƙatar ci gaba da DISM.
• Kariyar Albarkatun Windows ba zai iya aiwatar da aikin da ake buƙata ba: Gwada a Safe Mode ko duba izini.

Idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin alamu, duba cikakkun bayanai a ciki %WinDir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log. Wannan rikodin yana adana cikakken rikodin bincike da gyare-gyare., da amfani sosai lokacin da CFS ba zai iya sarrafa komai ba.

Lokacin amfani da CFS

An yi niyya don lokutan da ka lura cewa ayyukan Windows suna daina amsawa, kurakurai kamar "ba a samo fayil ba" sun bayyana, ko aikace-aikacen tsarin sun kasa buɗewa. Lokacin da matsalar ƙarami ko ta shafi abubuwan tsarin, SFC yawanci shine mataki na farko.

DISM (Hidimar Hidimar Hoto da Gudanarwa)

DISM yana aiki akan hoton Windows, wanda shine tushen gabaɗayan tsarin. Ana amfani da shi don dubawa, tsaftacewa da gyara abubuwan da suka lalace na hotonmusamman lokacin da SFC ta kasa gyara shi.

Tsarin da aka ba da shawarar aiwatarwa a bayyane yake: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealthsa'an nan /ScanHealth da kuma bayan /RestoreHealth. Yana da mahimmanci a mutunta wannan tsari kuma jira kowane lokaci ya ƙare. kafin muci gaba zuwa na gaba.

Si Windows Update Idan ba ta aiki ko babu haɗin kai, za ka iya ƙididdige tushen gida da ita /Source kuma ku guji yin zazzagewa akan layi tare da /LimitAccess, alal misali: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\RepairSource\Windows /LimitAccess. Wannan yanayin yana da kyau lokacin da kake amfani da matsakaicin shigarwa azaman tushe mai tsabta..

Lokacin amfani da DISM

Yi amfani da DISM lokacin da ɗaukakawa ta gaza, shuɗin fuska ko saƙon da ke da alaƙa da "kantin sayar da kayan aiki" ko kwanciyar hankalin tsarin ya bayyana, ko lokacin da SFC ta kasa gyara wasu fayiloli. DISM shine "mataki na biyu" don gyara wasu matsaloli masu tsanani wanda ke shafar hoton Windows.

CHKDSK (Duba Disk)

CHKDSK na nazarin tsarin tsarin fayil da yanayin zahirin abin tuƙi. con chkdsk C: /f /r Kuna tambaya don gyara kurakurai masu ma'ana kuma ku nemo ɓangarori marasa kyau Ana dawo da bayanan da ake iya karantawa.

Idan ana amfani da tuƙi (misali, C :), tsarin zai ba da shawarar gudanar da rajistan a sake farawa na gaba. Karɓa kuma kar a katse tsarin don gujewa ci gaba da cin hanci da rashawa.

para NTFS Akwai gyare-gyare na ci gaba kamar / duba (online analysis), /forceofflinefix (tare da / bincika tsallake gyaran kan layi), /perf (ƙarin albarkatu don hanzarta dubawa), /spotfix (takamaiman gyara) ko /sdcleanup (tsaftace bayanan aminci). Yi amfani da su cikin hikima dangane da yanayin.

Lokacin amfani da CHKDSK

Idan PC ɗinku ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don farawa, kuna lura da daskarewa akai-akai ko shuɗi kamar kuskuren 0x00000017Idan kuna zargin kurakuran karantawa/rubutu, yana da kyau a gudanar da shi. CHKDSK yana warware kurakuran tsarin fayil na ma'ana da taswira mara kyau sassawanda zai iya zama asalin alamun.

Ba zato ba tsammani, akwai bita na mataki 3: tsarin tsarin fayil na asali, hanyoyin haɗin suna, da masu siffanta tsaro. A ƙarshe za ku ga taƙaitaccen kurakurai da binciken da aka gyaramasu amfani don yanke shawarar matakai na gaba.

Bambance-bambancen kusanci

Don guje wa rudani: SFC yana gyara fayilolin Windows masu kariya, DISM yana gyara hoton tsarin, kuma CHKDSK yana aiki akan faifai da tsarin fayil. Ba abu ɗaya suke yi ba, amma suna haɗa juna. kuma yana da mahimmanci a bayyana lokacin amfani da kowannensu.

A matsayin jagora mai sauri: Fara da gudanar da SFC idan matsalar tana da alama "mai alaƙa da Windows".Idan babu ci gaba, matsa zuwa DISM; Idan kun yi zargin faifai ko batun ɓangaren, kunna CHKDSK. A lokuta masu taurin kai, duka ukun tare a cikin tsari daidai.

Lokacin da yadda ake gudanar da kowane kayan aiki

Kafin buga wani abu, tsara shirin harin ku da kyau. Shirye-shiryen biyu za su cece ku daga abubuwan ban mamaki da ɓata lokaci..

Shirye-shirye masu mahimmanci

1) Ajiyayyen. Ajiye takaddunku da hotunanku akan tuƙi na waje ko ma'ajiyar gajimare. Kodayake SFC, DISM, da CHKDSK ba sa goge bayanan sirri ta ƙiraYayin gyaran faifai, bayanai na iya ɓacewa a sassan da ba a iya ganowa.

2) Console tare da izini. Bude "Command Prompt" ta danna dama kuma zaɓi "Gudun azaman mai gudanarwa". Ba tare da haɓakawa ba, wasu umarni ba za su fara ba. kuma za ku ga kurakuran izini.

3) Rufe aikace-aikace. Wannan yana hana tsangwama yayin dubawa da gyarawa. Ƙananan buɗaɗɗen tafiyar matakai, ƙananan makullin fayil..

Gudun SFC daidai

A cikin CMD a matsayin admin, rubuta sfc /scannow kuma jira. Kar a soke ko da alama an "manne"A kan tsarin jinkirin, wannan na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci. Idan ba zai iya gyara komai ba, duba tarihin CBS kuma ci gaba da DISM.

Gudun DISM a daidai tsari

A cikin CMD a matsayin admin, sannan kaddamar da mai zuwa: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealthsa'an nan /ScanHealth kuma a karshe /RestoreHealth. Haɗin intanet yana taimakawa saboda DISM zai ja Windows Update (wanda zai iya dawo da kurakurai kamar 0x8019001) Don zazzage abubuwa masu tsabta. Ba tare da intanet ba, amfani /Source tare da matsakaicin shigarwa kuma ƙara /LimitAccess.

Gudun CHKDSK tare da zaɓuɓɓukan maɓalli

A cikin CMD a matsayin admin: chkdsk C: /f /r. Idan ya nemi a tsara shi bayan sake farawa, karba.Don saurin gano cutar kan-da- tashi, chkdsk C: /scan Hakanan yana da amfani, kuma kuna iya ƙarawa /perf don hanzarta kan kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi.

Alamomi na yau da kullun ga kowane umarni

• SFC: ayyukan tsarin da ba sa amsawa, apps Windows ya rushe, saƙonnin "ba a samo fayil ba".
• DISM: sabunta kurakurai, lalata hoto, matsalolin dagewa bayan SFC.
• CHKDSK: jinkirin taya, shudin fuska, kurakurai karanta/rubutu ko sassan da ake zargin sun lalace.

Ƙirƙirar rubutun kulawa

Idan kuna son yin aiki da kai, buɗe Notepad kuma liƙa layi kamar haka: sfc /scannow, DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth, DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth kuma, idan ya dace, chkdsk C: /f /r. Ajiye shi tare da tsawo na .bat kuma gudanar da shi azaman mai gudanarwa lokacin da kake bukata.

Lokacin da hakan bai isa ba kuma dole ku sake sakawa

Akwai yanayi inda, komai wahalar da kuka yi, ba za a iya gyara shi da umarni ba. Yi la'akari da sake shigar da Windows lokacin:

• Rashin gazawa ya ci gaba bayan SFC/DISM/CHKDSK ko kuma ya sake bayyana jim kaɗan bayan haka.
• Akwai cututtuka na malware muhimman abubuwan da ke lalata tsarin.
• Yin aiki yana da muni, tare da ci gaba da hadarurruka da halayen da ba su dace ba.
• Sabuntawa mai mahimmanci ya bar tsarin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali fiye da gyarawa.
• Kun canza kayan masarufi (motherboard, disk, da sauransu) kuma akwai rikice-rikicen direba.

Idan ka zaɓi sake sakawa, tuna don shirya abubuwan ajiyar ku da kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa. Sake shigarwa mai tsabta yana da hankali, amma wani lokacin ita ce hanya mafi aminci. don farawa ba tare da wani kaya ba.

Mafi kyawun ayyuka, yanayi na musamman da ƙarin shawarwari

Don cika shi duka, akwai ɗimbin shawarwari da umarni waɗanda zasu zo da amfani sosai. Yin amfani da su yana haifar da bambanci tsakanin "aiki na botched" da gyaran littafi..

Binciken gaggawa da abubuwan amfani

Don duba halin faifan ku a kallo, yi amfani wmic diskdrive get model,status. Idan "Ok" ya bayyana, firmware ba ta gano wasu matsaloli na zahiri ba. (Ba ya maye gurbin cikakken kima na SMART, amma yana ba da jagora).

Idan kuna fuskantar matsalolin hanyar sadarwa (haɗin mara ƙarfi, baƙon DNS), gudu: netsh winsock reset kuma, idan ya dace, ipconfig /flushdns. con ipconfig /all Za ku ga IP, ƙofa, da saitunan DNS. don kawar da gazawar cibiyar sadarwa ta asali. Idan sakon "ba a samuwa uwar garken RPC" ya bayyana, tuntuɓi Yadda za a warware shi.

Ingantawa da kulawa na lokaci-lokaci

Jadawalin dubawa na yau da kullun: SFC kowane wata biyu da CHKDSK idan kun gano halayen faifan sabon abu. Ci gaba da Sabunta Windows har zuwa yau don karɓar faci da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali.

Haɓakawa kuma yana taimakawa: cire fayilolin wucin gadi (Win + R> %temp%), yana sarrafa farawa a cikin Manajan Aiki kuma daidaita tasirin gani a cikin "gyara bayyanar da aikin Windows". Ƙananan kayan da tsarin ke da shi, ƙananan yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa zai iya faruwa..

Gudu a wuraren da ba na taya ba

Idan Windows bai fara ba, yi amfani da Muhalli na Farko (WinREko shigar da kebul na USB. Daga Umurnin Umurnin Maidowa, zaku iya ƙaddamar da: sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\ /offwindir=C:\Windows. Sauya C:\ da ainihin harafin tuƙi idan bai dace ba.

Don DISM na layi, ɗaga hoto ko nuna zuwa babban fayil na tushen kafofin watsa labarai tare da /Source kuma yana karawa /LimitAccess. Wannan hanyar za ku guje wa dogaro da Sabuntawar Windows lokacin da babu hanyar sadarwa ko ta karye.

Windows versions da fasali

Duba sigar ku da winver. En Windows 7 Madadin DISM na yau da kullun shine Kayan aikin Sabunta Tsari (SURT), zazzagewa daga Microsoft Update Catalog, wanda ke yin irin wannan rawar wajen gyara abubuwan.

Fassarar gama gari da kurakurai

Shin CHKDSK "zauna" a wani kaso na tsawon lokaci? Wannan na iya nuna ɓangarori da suka lalace sosai. Ba shi wani lokaci; idan bai ci gaba ba bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan, lokaci yayi da za a yi tunani game da adana bayanan da kuma maye gurbin drive.Shin SFC ya kasa farawa? Bincika izinin gudanarwa kuma la'akari da Safe Mode. Shin DISM yana dawowa 0x800f081f? .Ara /Source tare da ingantaccen hoto da /LimitAccess.

Ƙarin umarni masu amfani

• sfc /verifyonly: ganewar asali ba canzawa.
• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup: tsaftace abubuwan da aka gyara kuma yana rage kantin WinSxS.
• chkdsk /spotfix: Gyara tabo mai sauri (NTFS).

Zan iya rasa bayanai tare da waɗannan umarni?

Ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, SFC da DISM ba sa shafar keɓaɓɓun fayilolinku. CHKDSK na iya gano ɓangarori marasa kyau, kuma idan bayanai sun kasance a wurin, ƙila ba za a iya dawo da su ba. Shi ya sa muka dage sosai kan abubuwan da suka gabata.

Idan bana son bugawa kowane lokaci fa?

Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .bat ɗin ku kuma saka shi cikin kulawar ku na wata-wata. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara ƙaramin log ɗin ayyuka tare da turawa masu fita, misali: sfc /scannow > C:\logs\sfc.txt. Ta wannan hanyar za ku sami rikodin abin da aka yi da sakamakon..

Kayan aikin ɓangare na uku da dawo da bayanai

Idan ba ku gano ɓarna na tsarin ba amma PC ɗinku yana gudana a hankali, ɗakin tsaftacewa da haɓakawa na iya taimakawa cire bloatware da fayilolin wucin gadi. Don dawo da fayiloli daga kwamfutar da ba za ta yi taya ba, yi la'akari da yin amfani da software na farfadowa tare da kafofin watsa labaru masu bootable. kafin gyara ko sake sakawa, sannan a koma ga umarni na asali.

Misalai masu aiki da shirye don kwafi

Tsarin gyaran kan layi na gargajiya: sfc /scannow > DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth > DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth > maimaita sfc /scannow. Wannan aikin yana warware babban ɓangaren al'amurran yau da kullun..

Duba faifai na tsarin: chkdsk C: /f /r (Jadawalin sake farawa idan an buƙata). Don duba zafi, yi amfani chkdsk C: /scan.

Gyaran layi tare da asalin gida: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:D:\sources\install.wim /LimitAccess (gyara harafin naúrar). Yana da amfani lokacin da Windows Update baya haɗin gwiwa.

Binciken kayan aikin gaggawa na ajiya: wmic diskdrive get model,status. Idan wani abu bai "yi kyau ba", ƙarfafa ganewar asali tare da SMART da kwafi..

Bayan duk abubuwan da ke sama, akwatin kayan aikin ku yana da kyau: SFC don fayiloli masu kariya, DISM don hoton Windows, da CHKDSK don lafiyar diski, tare da tallafi daga netsh, ipconfig, da wmic lokacin da ake buƙata. Ta hanyar haɗa ƙungiya, haƙuri, da madogarawa, za ku sami mafi kyawun damar maido da kwanciyar hankali ga PC ɗinku. ba tare da buƙatar sake kunnawa ba ko kaɗan.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Ana Shiri don Gyarawa ta atomatik da Sake saiti: Cikakken Jagora don Gyara Windows da Ajiye bayananku

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.