Abin da ake tsammani daga DirectX 13: ci gaba, aiki, da haɓakawa

Tare da kararrakin gabatarwar fasaha a abubuwan da suka faru kamar GDC da Gamescom har yanzu sabo ne, kuma tare da al'umma suna mai da hankali sosai, manyan abubuwa da yawa sun riga sun kunno kai: ingantacciyar sarrafa aikin shader, hadewar dabarun jijiyoyi don hanzarta aiwatar da zane-zane da haɓaka halayen rarraba shader don rage kwalabe. Duk wannan yana sauti mai ban sha'awa, amma yana da kyau a yi nazari a hankali, domin shaidan sau da yawa yana cikin cikakkun bayanai na aiwatarwa.

Babban sabbin fasalulluka na DirectX 13

Dangane da leaks da abin da aka riga aka nuna a cikin demos da gabatarwar fasaha, mayar da hankali na DirectX 13 ya bayyana yana kan haɓaka aiki da inganci yayin da kuma gabatar da sabbin damar gani. Manufar zai kasance samun mafi kyawun GPUs na zamani kuma, a lokaci guda, yana sauƙaƙa wa ɗakunan studio waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar injuna da wasanni.

Sake yin oda na Shader (SER) 2.0

Siffar SER (Kimanin Tsarin da Ragewa) ya riga ya yi taguwar ruwa a cikin yanayin muhalli na DirectX 12 Raytracing, kuma sigar 2.0 za ta ɗauki mataki gaba. Manufar ita ce a ƙyale masu shaders su sake tsara aiwatar da kisa don haɗa nau'ikan ayyuka iri ɗaya da rage rashin aiki. Wannan hanyar tana da amfani daidaitattun na ciki na GPU kuma yana rage farashin hadaddun al'amuran inda Ray Tracing ke haɓaka sauye-sauyen aiwatarwa.

• Ƙananan jinkiri lokacin da wurin ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, fitilu, da geometries.
• Sanannen karuwa na Ayyukan Ray Tracing ta hanyar rage bambance-bambancen kisa.
• Mafi amfani da GPU cores ta hanyar daidaita kaya a ainihin lokacin.

Ma'anar jijiya

Wani mahimmin al'amari na wannan yuwuwar tsalle shine ɗaukar dabaru na IA hadedde a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na farko a cikin API. Muna magana ne game da ma'ana bisa hanyoyin yanar gizo Ya kamata ya yi amfani da sabbin raka'a na musamman (raka'o'in jijiya) waɗanda ke zuwa GPUs da iGPUs. Wannan zai ba da damar bututun ya ba da takamaiman matakai inda ingantacciyar fahimta ke haskakawa.

• Siffar hoto mai hankali wanda ke da nufin wuce abin da aka gani tare da DLSS, FSR ko XeSS, tare da tsarin asali a cikin API.
• Ingantattun laushi da cikakkun bayanai a cikin jirgin godiya ga samfurori da aka horar da su don sake ginawa da tsaftacewa.
• Tallafi ga hadaddun kwaikwayo na kimiyyar lissafi da AI-taimakon rayarwa.

Isar da Shader na ci gaba

Wannan canji ne na gine-gine don rarraba inuwa da inganci, wanda aka ƙera musamman don ƙaƙƙarfan mahalli: na'urori. kwamfyutoci da consoles. A aikace, zai ba da izini rage lokutan lodi da rage lokutan jira don haɗawa ko rarraba fakitin shader, wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin ba tare da manyan GPUs ba. Gudanar da shader cache Kuma hanyar da aka adana binaries zai zama mabuɗin don yin wannan aiki da kyau.

Karamar Maps (OMMs)

OMMs suna magance ciwon kai na yau da kullun: lissafi tare da bayyanannu kamar ganye, gilashi, ko hayaki. Maimakon dogaro da inuwa AnyHit masu tsada, ƙananan maps suna ba da izini el hardware bi da gaskiya ta hanyar da ta fi kai tsaye da iya tsinkaya, rage farashi inda ya fi yin zafi a cikin gano hasashe da matsugunan yanayi.

Tasirin DirectX 13 akan caca

Ko da yake yuwuwar tana da yawa, har yanzu yana da wuri don faɗi yadda zai shafi abubuwa a aikace. Gaskiyar ci gaba ta nuna cewa a koyaushe akwai rikice-rikice. hadewa da tsarin aiki, maturing na direbobiƊaukaka ta injuna da wasanni, da kuma kurakurai na ƙarni na farko da babu makawa. Dangane da wannan yanayin, tsammanin za a iya dogara da shi ta hanyoyi uku.

Ayyukan

Babban burin shine don wasanni don amfani da kayan gine-gine na yanzu. Ana tattaunawa akan ingantattun ingantattun kusan [wasu kashi]. 30% a cikin samarwa Lokacin da aka cika amfani da API ɗin, musamman a cikin taken da ke haɗa SER 2.0, OMMs, da hanyoyin jijiya. Note: rufin Yana zuwa kawai tare da daidaitacce hardware da tallafin software.da kuma lokacin da aka tsara wasan don wannan dalili tun daga farko.

Ingancin gani

Tare da ma'anar jijiya da sabbin algorithms shading, tsallen gani na iya zama sananne sosai. Ana sa ran. karin haske na halittaRubutun rubutu tare da ƙarin ƙaramin daki-daki ba tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci lokacin firam ba, da kuma duniyoyi masu ƙarin kuzari. Wannan ba ƙarami ba ne: muna magana ne game da inganta matakai masu tsada (sake ginawa, tsaftacewa, anti-aliasing) tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar da suka koyi yin shi. nisa fiye da na gargajiya tace.

Kwanciyar hankali da daidaituwa

Halin zaman tare da sababbin iyawa da ingantaccen dandamali koyaushe aiki ne na daidaitawa. Wannan shi ne inda aka gyara kamar SDKWannan yana sauƙaƙa wa masu haɓakawa don sabunta abubuwan API ba tare da dogaro da manyan sabunta tsarin aiki ba. Sakamakon da ake tsammanin shine ƙarancin gogayya, ƙarancin kwari da ƙarin daidaituwa tsakanin masana'antun da tsararraki; Abin takaici, akwai kuma kurakurai matakin direba da za a iya fuskanta, kamar DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_HUNG a wasu matsanancin yanayi.

Wane hardware ne zai dace?

Tushen zai mayar da hankali kan Windows 11 kuma, a wani ɓangare, a cikin wasu rassan Windows 10. A kowane hali, inda za a ga tsoka na gaske a cikin tsarin da ke haɗuwa. GPU na baya-bayan nan, CPU na zamani y ajiya Mai sauri don ciyar da bututu tare da bayanai ba tare da kwalabe ba. Idan kuna da shakku game da dacewa, kayan aikin kamar Binciken Lafiya na PC Suna taimakawa bincika goyon bayan Windows 11 da buƙatun da ke da alaƙa.

• Sabbin al'ummomi na GPUs NVDIA, AMD kuma Intel.
• CPUs tare da iGPU da sassan neuronal don hanzarta zance.
• NVMe SSDs shirye don Ma'ajiyar Kai tsaye 2.0 y streaming m.

A cikin jawabin hukuma, DirectX 13 an sanya shi azaman wani ɓangare na yanayin yanayin PC da XboxHar ma an ambaci cewa na'urori irin su ROG Xbox Ally X Za a haife su tare da goyon baya na asali don sabon API, bayyanannen nunin buri na kawo waɗannan haɓakawa zuwa kasuwa mai ɗaukar nauyi ba tare da sadaukar da fasalolin yankan ba.

Matsakaicin aikin a cikin 2025 da bayan haka kuma ya haɗa da ajiya: tare da DirectStorage 2.0, tsalle zuwa NVMe ya daina zama abin alatu kuma ya zama babban sashi don load bayanai da shaders a cikakken gudun, Tsayar da injin zane mai ƙarfi da rage faɗuwa, stutter da lokutan lodawa.

Kuma masu haɓakawa?

Ga Studios, DirectX 13 ba ƙarshen kanta bane, amma hanya ce ta ƙarshe. API ɗin da ya fi ƙarfin aiki yana rage maimaita aiki kuma yana buɗe kofofin abubuwan da suka kasance masu hanawa a baya. Alkawari shine akwatin kayan aiki inda za a iya yin maimaitawa da sauri, Sanya AI a tsakiyar bututun ba tare da gina hanyoyin magance ad hoc don kowane aikin ba.

• Ƙananan lokacin ci gaba godiya ga ƙarin kayan aiki masu sassauƙa da ayyukan aiki.
• Yiwuwar gini mafi hadaddun duniyoyi ba tare da sauke FPS ba.
• Advanced real-lokaci AI don makiya, kimiyyar lissafi da muhalli.

Bugu da ƙari, sabon SDK yana nufin ƙarin daidaitattun simulations da deterministic, wani abu da ya dace da kyau tare da injuna kamar Unreal Engine ko Unityungiyar 3Dwadanda tuni suke shirin rungumar wannan rukunin fasali. Da ƙarin daidaitattun tallafin, ƙarancin aikin kwafin zai kasance a bangarorin biyu na tsakiya.

Akwai kuma tambaya ta asali: akwai ayyuka da suke wanzuwa a yau APIs na mallaka daga wasu masana'anta (misali, kari na lokacin aikin shader) waɗanda za'a iya haɗa su cikin ma'auni. Kawo su ƙarƙashin laima na DirectX 13 zai daidaita iyawa da rage rarrabuwa, wani abu da ƙungiyoyin fasaha za su yaba don guje wa aiwatar da wannan tsari sau biyu.

Kwanan wata, jita-jita, da shakku lokacin siyan GPU

Daya daga cikin mafi zafi muhawara shine kalanda. Kallon baya: DirectX 11 ya zo a cikin 2009 Shekaru biyar bayan DX10, DirectX 12 ya isa 2015, shekaru shida bayan haka. Tare da wannan ci gaban, mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin DX13 zai bayyana a kusa da 2022, amma waɗannan tsinkaya ba su kasance gaskiya ba. Gaskiyar ita ce DirectX 12 ya ci gaba da karɓar sabuntawa kuma, har wa yau, ya karya bayanan tsawon rai ba tare da wani magaji na lamba a gani ba.

Don haka damuwar mai siye ta yau da kullun: idan na sayi GPU a yau wanda ke haskakawa tare da DX12, shin zai zama mara amfani idan DX13 ya bayyana gobe? Amsar gaskiya ita ce, tare da bayanan da ke akwai, Babu saita kwanan wata.Bugu da ƙari, tsalle zuwa sabon sigar API baya lalata kayan aikin ku cikin dare; Tallafin fasalin yawanci yana shiga ciki, kuma ana kiyaye dacewa da wasannin DX12 na shekaru masu yawa. A wasu kalmomi, ko jira ko saya a yanzu ya dogara da bukatunku na yanzu da kuma wasannin da kuke shirin bugawa fiye da a kwanan wata hasashe.

Wani mahimmin batu: DirectX 12 bai tsaya cak ba. Kunshin DirectX 12 imatearshe Ya gabatar da binciken hasashe, inuwa mai sauye-sauye, shaders na raga, da ra'ayoyin samfuri zuwa ga al'ada akan PC da consoles. Wannan ƙarin tsarin ya ba DX12 damar kasancewa a kan gaba na kusan shekaru tara, mafi tsayin lokaci ba tare da magaji na yau da kullun ba. Wasu nazarce-nazarcen sun ci gaba da yin mamaki ko, watakila, Ba za mu taɓa ganin DX13 kamar haka bakuma Microsoft ya zaɓi ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa DX12 tare da sababbin iyawa.

A cikin tattaunawar fasaha, an ba da shawarar cewa DirectX 13 mai nasara ya kamata ya sake ɗaukar wasu daga cikin saukaka matakin direba na DX11 kuma ya haɗa shi tare da granular iko na DX12. API ɗin da ke daidaita 'yanci da sauƙi zai zama mai kima ga duka manya da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Kuma ku tuna, don tsarki camfi na lamba 13Wasu suna hasashe cewa sunan kasuwanci zai iya tsalle kai tsaye zuwa DirectX 14, kodayake abu mai mahimmanci ba lakabin bane, amma ainihin ayyuka da karɓar su.

Har ila yau, an jaddada cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da cikakkiyar gyaran fuska na DirectX ya taimaka wajen daidaita wasu siffofi na ci gaba waɗanda a halin yanzu ana ganin su a matsayin keɓaɓɓen alama, kamar haɓakawa masu alaƙa da su. kisa da shirin shadersIdan sigar ta gaba ta yi nasarar daidaita waɗannan ɓangarorin ɓangarorin, yanayin yanayin zai sami daidaituwa kuma za a rage farashin jigilar kaya da kula da injuna.

A halin yanzu, na'urorin hannu da na'urorin wasan bidiyo za su ci gaba da fitar da fifiko. Wani tsari kamar Advanced Shader Delivery da alama yana da mahimmanci akan injina tare da daidaita kasafin kudin thermal, ta yaya kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka tare da Intel Iris XeDomin kowane daƙiƙa na lokacin lodawa da kowane shader ɗin da aka haɗa yana ƙidaya. Alƙawarin "Pocket console" zai fi dacewa idan an ƙirƙiri API don waɗannan lokuta masu amfani tun daga ƙasa.

Yana da kyau a fayyace wani batu: kafin mu ga riba mai yawa, za a sami lokacin miƙa mulki inda wasannin da ba su taɓa sabbin abubuwan ba za su haɗu tare da wasu waɗanda ke fara nutsewa cikin sabon yanayin. A wannan lokacin, kalmar maɓalli za ta kasance tallafisaboda ba duk GPUs ko injuna za su kasance na zamani daga rana ɗaya ba.

Ga waɗanda suka haɓaka kayan aiki da tsaka-tsaki, taswirar hanya tana da mahimmanci kamar sunaye. Idan Agility SDK ya kasance hanyar yin allurar iya aiki ba tare da jiran manyan sabunta tsarin ba, za mu gani. sauri turawaA sakamakon haka, ɗakunan studio za su buƙaci saka hannun jari don horarwa da sake fasalin bututun su don yin amfani da SER 2.0 yadda ya kamata, OMMs, ko haɓakar ƙima, kuma hakan yana ɗaukar lokaci da gwaji.

A cikin filin binciken ray, haɗin SER 2.0 da OMMs na iya zama da amfani musamman a cikin al'amuran kwayoyin halitta (ciyayi, ɓangarorin da ba a bayyana ba) kuma tare da abubuwa masu rikitarwa. Haɓaka waɗannan shari'o'in gefen yana da tasiri na gaske akan ƙimar firam da kan gane lattiwanda shi ne abin da dan wasan ke lura da shi nan da nan, musamman a cikin masu harbi da kuma wasanni masu gasa.

Game da sikeli da sake ginawa na ɗan lokaci, haɗa AI ta asali zai sauƙaƙe wasu hanyoyin hanyoyin zuwa abin da ke takamaiman mai siyarwa a halin yanzu. Ba batun maye gurbin komai a lokaci ɗaya ba. DLSS, FSR ko XeSSamma don buɗe hanya a cikin API don injunan su iya haɗa samfuran jijiyoyi a daidaitacciyar hanya kuma, idan suna so, dogara ga raka'a na jijiyoyi da ke cikin CPU ko GPU ba tare da sake ƙirƙira wayoyi ba.

Idan muka sami aiki: menene matsakaicin ɗan wasa zai yi tsammani lokacin da wasannin DirectX 13 na farko suka fara zuwa? Wataƙila mafi kyawun takiƘananan raguwa a cikin rafukan bayanai da shaders, gajeriyar lokutan lodawa akan abubuwan NVMe, kuma, lokacin da taken ya mai da hankali sosai kan AI da ganowa, hotuna masu ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali akan farashi waɗanda a baya da wahala a iya samu.

Koyaya, nasara ba ta fayyace kawai ta fasali ba. Microsoft, masana'antun GPU, da ɗakunan studio duk suna buƙatar aiki tare tare da manyan direbobi, cikakkun takardu, da misalan tunani. Idan hakan ta faru, yanayin muhalli ya daidaita Kuma sabbin abubuwan da aka fitar suna tafiya daga fasahar fasaha zuwa wasannin da suka cika shiryayye.

Hoton gabaɗaya wanda ke fitowa daga duk abubuwan da ke sama shine na API wanda aka keɓe don samun ƙarin kayan aikin na yanzu yayin gabatar da tsarin tsari. AI acceleration a cikin bututunTsakanin SER 2.0, OMMs, Advanced Shader Delivery, da turawa daga Agility SDK, akwai isassun kayan aiki na ƴan shekaru masu zuwa don kawo mana ƙarin kwanciyar hankali, da sauri, da kyawawan wasanni, muddin dai ɗakunan studio sun rungumi shi kuma kayan aikin suna ci gaba da tafiya tare da abubuwan motsa jiki da NVMe suna shirye don DirectStorage 2.0.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Kunna DirectX 12 Ultimate akan Windows 11 kuma kuyi cikakken amfani da yuwuwar sa

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.