Cikakken Jagora akan Maɓallin SysRq a cikin Linux

Maɓallin SysRq, wanda kuma aka sani da "maɓallin sihiri", wani abu ne na musamman kuma wanda ba a san shi ba na yawancin maɓallan madannai waɗanda zasu iya zama ainihin ceton rai a yanayin gaggawa na kwamfuta. Ko da yake a mafi yawan lokuta yana raba sarari tare da maɓallin Buga allo (PrtSc), yuwuwar sa na gaskiya yana ɓoye a bayan takamaiman haɗuwa waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin aiki muhimman ayyuka a Linux lokacin da tsarin aiki ya daina amsawa.

Wannan aikin, hadedde kai tsaye a cikin ainihin Linux, an tsara shi don samar da a cikakken iko mai amfani game da tsarin, har ma a cikin lokuta mafi mahimmanci. Duk da haka, amfani da shi yana buƙatar wasu shirye-shirye da ilimi, saboda ba koyaushe ake kunna shi ba kuma yana iya zama takobi mai kaifi biyu idan ba a yi amfani da shi daidai ba. Anan za mu bincika sosai game da duk abin da ke da alaƙa da wannan maɓalli mai ban mamaki.

Menene ainihin maɓallin SysRq?

Maɓallin SysRq, gajere don "Buƙatar Tsarin", kayan aiki ne na musamman da aka gina a cikin kernel na Linux wanda damar da yawa ayyukan gudanarwa da dawo da kai tsaye daga madannai. Asalin aiwatarwarsa an yi niyya ne don baiwa masu amfani damar yin hulɗa tare da tushen tsarin a cikin matsanancin yanayi, kamar hadarurruka ko faɗuwar tsarin aiki.

A kan madannai na zamani, galibi ana yiwa wannan maɓalli "Allon bugawa", "PrtSc" ko ma "SysRq". Duk da haka, amfanin sa na gaskiya ya wuce yi hotunan kariyar kwamfuta. Ana iya samun wannan "sihiri" ta hanyar haɗakar maɓalli na musamman waɗanda ke ba ku damar aikawa umarni zuwa kernel kai tsaye.

Yadda ake kunna da daidaita SysRq

Domin amfani da wannan fasalin, dole ne a kunna shi akan tsarin. A kan yawancin rarrabawar Linux na zamani, SysRq an kashe shi ta tsohuwa. Kunna shi tsari ne mai sauƙi, amma yana buƙatar izini mai gudanarwa. A ƙasa akwai mahimman matakai:

• Shirya fayil ɗin sanyi /etc/sysctl.conf don ƙara layin kernel.sysrq=1.
• Ajiye canje-canje kuma yi amfani da saitunan ta bugawa sysctl -p a cikin m.

Idan ba kwa son canjin ya kasance na dindindin, zaku iya kunna shi na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar gudanar da umarni echo "1" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq. Za a mayar da wannan saitin lokacin sake kunna tsarin.

SysRq key ayyuka

Haɗin kai tare da wannan maɓalli yana ba ku damar yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci kamar sake kunna tsarin, aiki tare da diski, kashe hanyoyin da aka toshe, da ƙari mai yawa. Ana aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan ta hanyar haɗawa Alt + SysRq da takamaiman wasiƙa. Mafi yawanci sune:

• R: Ya dawo da sarrafa madanni, mai amfani idan an kulle yanayin hoto.
• E: Kashe duk matakai a cikin tsari tare da SIGTERM.
• I: Kashe duk matakai tare da SIGKILL.
• S: Yana aiki tare da bayanai daga tsarin fayil zuwa faifai.
• U: Yana mayar da duk tsarin fayil azaman karantawa kawai.
• B: Sake kunna tsarin nan da nan.

Waɗannan haɗin gwiwar suna da amfani musamman a ciki lokuta na gaggawa. Misali, idan tsarin ya daskare kuma bai amsa umarninku na yau da kullun ba, jeri REISUB (Yi maɓallan cikin wannan tsari) na iya sake kunna kwamfutarka cikin aminci da tsari, rage haɗarin ɓarna bayanai.

Ƙarin haɗuwa da manufar su

Baya ga abubuwan haɗin kai da aka ambata, akwai wasu waɗanda ba su da yawa waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin wasu takamaiman ayyuka:

• H: Yana nuna jerin taimako na haɗe-haɗe.
• M: Yana zubar da cikakken bayani daga ƙwaƙwalwar tsarin.
• K: Kashe duk matakai masu aiki akan na'urar wasan bidiyo na yanzu.
• O: Yana kashe kayan aiki gaba ɗaya.
• T: Nuna jerin duk ayyuka masu aiki akan tsarin.

Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suna haɓaka iya aiki na SysRq, yana ba da damar sarrafa tsarin ci gaba a lokuta masu mahimmanci.

Tsaro la'akari

Kodayake SysRq kayan aiki ne mai matuƙar amfani, yana iya zama haɗari idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci takura masa amfani kawai ga masu amfani masu izini da tabbatar da cewa tsarin ba a fallasa su ga samun damar da ba a so ba. Idan kuna sarrafa sabar nesa kuma kuka fi son kashe wannan fasalin, zaku iya yin hakan ta hanyar daidaitawa kernel.sysrq=0 a cikin tsarin.

A Linux, aikin SysRq yawanci ba ya samuwa akan haɗin .NET. SSH, wanda ke iyakance amfani da shi zuwa hulɗar gida tare da tsarin. Wannan yana aiki azaman ma'auni na ƙarin tsaro don hana katsewar haɗari ko ɓarna.

Maɓallin SysRq yana da tarihi mai ban sha'awa da fa'ida wanda ba koyaushe yake samun kulawar da ya dace ba. Tare da wannan ilimin, zaku iya amfani da cikakkiyar damar iyawarsa kuma ku kasance cikin shiri don fuskantar kowane yanayi mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya tasowa a cikin tsarin ku.