Tsaftace babban fayil na WinSxS a cikin Windows: hanyoyin aminci, umarnin DISM, da dabaru don dawo da sarari

Idan ajiya Ma'ajiyar PC ɗin ku tana aiki da ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma babban fayil ɗin tsarin ya fara ɗaukar gigabytes da yawa, don haka wataƙila kuna mamakin yadda ake tsaftace WinSxS ba tare da fasa komai ba. A cikin Windows, kantin sayar da kayan yana da hankali kuma, kodayake yana girma da el tiempo, Kada a share shi da hannu.Anan za ku sami duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don rage girmansa tare da kayan aikin da suka dace.

A cikin layin da ke gaba, zaku ga dalilin da yasa WinSxS ke girma sosai, yadda ake bincika girman “ainihin”, da hanyoyin hukuma don rage shi ta amfani da Jadawalin Aiki, DISM, da Tsabtace Disk. Muna kuma rufe tambayoyin gama gari, lokuta inda "ba ya raguwa ko kaɗan," da ƙarin mataki don 'yantar da sarari tare da babban fayil ɗin Installer (tare da taka tsantsan). Manufar ita ce ku dawo da sararin samaniya lafiya kuma ku fahimci abin da kuke yi a kowane mataki.

Menene babban fayil ɗin WinSxS kuma me yasa yake girma akan lokaci?

WinSxS shine "shagon kayan aikin" Windows, wanda ke cikin tsoho C: \ Windows \ WinSxSWannan jagorar tana adana nau'ikan sassan tsarin, sabuntawa, da fakitin da ake buƙata don shigar da sabbin abubuwa kuma, idan ya cancanta, sake dawowa lafiyaDon haka, idan aka sabunta tsarin, ana adana nau'ikan da suka gabata na ɗan lokaci, kuma daga baya za a cire su ta atomatik idan ba a buƙatar su.

Mahimmin batu ɗaya: yawancin abun ciki shine hanyoyin haɗin gwiwaWato, nassoshi ga fayilolin da suke zaune a zahiri a wani wuri akan tsarin. Wannan ya sa WinSxS ya zama babba a cikin Explorer, kodayake an raba wani yanki mai kyau tare da Windows kuma baya mamaye sararin diski sau biyu. Godiya ga wannan tsarin, tsarin yana kula da dacewa kuma yana ba da damar gyarawa ko mayar da abubuwan da aka gyara lokacin da ya cancanta.

WinSxS yana shiga cikin duk shigarwa da sabunta tsarinBaya ga samar da daidaitattun ayyuka (bugu, buɗe wasu nau'ikan fayil, da sauransu), share abubuwan da ke ciki da hannu ba zaɓi bane. Taɓa abin da bai kamata ku yi ba zai iya barin tsarin mara ƙarfi. ko hana uninstallation na faci.

Don aiwatar da haɓakar sa, Windows yana haɗa ayyuka da abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke tsaftace juzu'in da aka maye gurbinsu da damfara abubuwan da aka gyara cikin aminci. Za mu ga yadda za a kunna su, abin da kowannensu yake yi, da kuma lokacin da ya dace a yi amfani da su ya danganta da yanayin ku.

Yadda ake fassara girman WinSxS: Explorer vs. ainihin girman

Matsalar gama gari ita ce Explorer na iya nunawa, alal misali, 7,6 GB na "Size" da 4,6 GB na "Girman kan faifai," yayin da DISM ke ba da rahoton adadi daban-daban. Wannan yana faruwa saboda Explorer yana ƙara hanyoyin haɗin kai da sauran metadata. infating na gani adadiDon duba bayanan sito masu dacewa, yi amfani da nazarin DISM.

Bude wani Umurnin umarni gudanar da shi a matsayin admin bincike na bangaren sito. Umurnin shine:

Dism.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /AnalyzeComponentStore

Sakamakon zai nuna fage masu amfani da yawa. Kalli wadannan: "Ainihin girman girman sito" (lambar da ke da mahimmanci), "Raba tare da Windows" (fayilolin da ba za a iya share su ba da tsarin ke amfani da su), "Ajiyayyen da abubuwan da ba su da kyau" ('yan takara don tsaftacewa idan ba ku buƙatar komawa), da "Cache da bayanan wucin gadi" (yawanci za a iya ragewa). Za ku kuma ga "Ranar tsaftacewa ta ƙarshe," "Yawan fakitin da za a iya dawo da su," da ko "an ba da shawarar tsaftacewa." Wannan zai gaya muku idan akwai yiwuwar tanadi. ko kuma idan an riga an inganta tsarin ku.

A cikin al'amuran duniya na gaske, bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki suna fitowa: DISM na iya nuna, alal misali, "Raba da Windows" GB ne da yawa waɗanda ba za ku iya ragewa ba, yayin da "Cache" ke 0 bytes. A cikin wannan mahallin, ko da kuna gudanar da tsaftacewa, Ba za ku ga faɗuwar gani ba.Domin babu kusan wani abu da za a iya murmurewa. Wannan ba yana nufin tsarin ya gaza ba; yana nufin babu sauran "mai" da ya rage don cirewa.

Hanyoyi masu aminci don rage girman WinSxS

Windows yana ba da manyan hanyoyi guda uku don tsaftace kantin sayar da kayan aiki akan tsarin aiki: Mai tsara Aiki (ta amfani da aikin StartComponentCleanup), kayan aikin DISM (tare da masu gyara daban-daban), da Tsabtace Disk. A cikin yanayin shirye-shiryen hoto, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan fasahohin a layi. Makullin shine amfani da kayan aikin da aka gina kuma a guji gogewa da hannu.

Jadawalin Aiki: StartComponentCleanup

Windows yana tsara aiki ta atomatik wanda ke tsaftace abubuwan haɗin gwiwa lokacin da kwamfutar ke aiki. Wannan aikin yana jira aƙalla kwanaki 30 bayan shigar da kayan aikin da aka sabunta kafin cire tsofaffin nau'ikan, kuma idan an kunna ta atomatik, yana da lokacin jira na 1 hourSaboda haka, maiyuwa ba zai kammala komai a cikin zagaye ɗaya ba.

Idan kana son gudanar da shi da hannu, buɗe Task Scheduler kuma kewaya zuwa hanyar Laburare Mai tsara AikiMicrosoftWindowsSabis. A can za ku ga aikin "FaraComponentCleanupKuna iya ƙaddamar da shi daga na'urar bidiyo ko kai tsaye tare da wannan umarni:

schtasks.exe /Run /TN "\Microsoft\Windows\Servicing\StartComponentCleanup"

Lura cewa, tunda yana gudana ta atomatik, yana mutunta lokacin alheri na kwanaki 30. Idan kuna buƙatar tsaftacewa nan da nan (kuma ba tare da iyaka na awa 1 ba), Jeka sashin DISM don tilasta ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka.

DISM: Daidaitaccen Tsaftacewa, Jimlar Tsaftacewa, da Fakitin Sabis

DISM (Tsarin Sabis na Hoto da Gudanarwa) yana bayarwa kula da lafiya Game da kantin kayan aikin. Babban aiki a tsarin aiki shine:

Dism.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup

Wannan umarnin yana cire juzu'in abubuwan da aka maye gurbinsu ba tare da jira kwanaki 30 ba kuma ba tare da iyakar awa ɗaya ba. Yawancin lokaci shine an ba da shawarar izinin farko idan kana neman m da kuma reversible tanadi.

Idan tsarin ku ya tsaya tsayin daka, ba kwa shirin cire sabuntawa, kuma kuna son haɓaka ayyukanku, akwai zaɓi don "daskare" tushen abubuwan, cire duk nau'ikan da aka maye gurbinsu don haka ba za a iya birgima ba. Kwatankwacin umarnin shine:

Dism.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase

Gargadi mai mahimmanci: bayan amfani /Sake saitaBase Ba za ku iya cire sabuntawar da aka riga aka shigar ba. Wannan yana da lafiya idan kuna son yin sulhu akan hakan kuma kuna sha'awar rage girman sararin ajiya, amma bai dace da kwamfutoci ba inda zaku buƙaci komawa zuwa sigar da ta gabata.

Bugu da ƙari, don tsofaffin shigarwa tare da Fakitin Sabis (musamman classic Windows 7/Server), za ku iya dawo da fayilolin ajiyar da ke ba ku damar cire wannan SP tare da:

Dism.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /SPSuperseded

Kamar yadda yake tare da /ResetBase, kun rasa zaɓi don cire Fakitin Sabis anan. A cikin Windows 10/11, fakitin suna tarawa, don haka Wannan hanyar ba ta da ma'ana sai dai a cikin takamaiman lokuta ko hotuna da aka gada.

Tsaftace Disk: Interface da Rukunin Rubuce-rubuce

Idan ka fi son saba dubawa, da Tsabtace Disk Yana ba ku damar share fayilolin wucin gadi kuma, lokacin da aka gudanar tare da gata na mai gudanarwa, fayilolin tsarin tsabta, gami da nau'in Windows Update wanda ke shafar girman ma'ajiyar kayan.

Don buɗe shi, danna Windows + R, rubuta “cleanmgr” kuma tabbatar. Da farko za ku gani wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci Don share abubuwan gama gari na tsarin, danna "Clean up files system." Bayan binciken, zaɓi nau'ikan kamar "Windows Update," "Faylolin Shirye-shiryen da aka Sauke," ko shigarwar rajista, kamar yadda ya dace, kuma tabbatar da Ok. Madadi ne mai sauƙi idan kun kasance ba daidai ba tare da console.

Yi haƙuri: Tsarin tsaftacewa na iya ɗaukar ko'ina daga mintuna zuwa sa'o'i dangane da girman ma'ajiyar, nau'in faifai, da ayyuka masu jiran aiki. Wani lokaci sarari yana buɗewa bayan sake kunnawa, kuma ba za ku ga canjin ya bayyana ba har sai tsarin ya ƙare. ayyukan ciki.

Duba ku auna: umarni masu amfani kafin da bayan

Yana da kyau a auna kafin da bayan don ganin ko a zahiri kun sami sarari. Baya ga nazarin DISM, zaku iya bincika kwanan watan kulawa na ƙarshe kuma ko an ba da shawarar sabon tsaftacewa ta amfani da umarnin bincike iri ɗaya. Maimaita bincike bayan kowane aiki. don tabbatar da tasirin:

Dism.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /AnalyzeComponentStore

Idan rahoton ya nuna "Yawan fakitin da za a iya dawo da su: 0" ko "Cache da bayanan wucin gadi: 0 bytes" kuma baya bada shawarar tsaftacewa, al'ada ne cewa ba za ku sami sarari tare da StartComponentCleanup ba. In haka ne, Wataƙila an inganta ma'ajiyar ku. sauran kuma ana raba su tare da Windows (ba rahusa ba) ko kwafi masu mahimmanci.

Me yasa wani lokaci ba ya sauke byte ɗaya? (kuma me za ku iya yi?)

Yanayi na gama-gari: kuna gudanar da “/StartComponentCleanup” ko ma “/ResetBase” kuma girman da ake gani baya canzawa. Akwai dalilai da yawa. Na farko, saboda babban ɓangaren ƙarar yana "Rabawa da Windows", ba cirewa ba tare da karya tsarin baNa biyu, saboda babu fakitin da za a iya dawo da su ko cache don sharewa. Na uku, saboda Explorer yana ƙidaya manyan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo kuma "Size" ya bayyana girma fiye da yadda yake a zahiri.

Wasu nasihu masu amfani idan kuna son yin taka tsantsan: gudanar da “/StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase” kawai idan ba za ku sake dawo da sabuntawa ba; sake farawa kuma sake auna tare da DISM; a tabbata babu shigarwa ko ana jiran sabuntawa (Windows Update) wanda ke toshe tsaftacewa; kuma bar kwamfutar a kunne don aikin da aka tsara zai iya aiki a yanayin barci. Hakanan yana da kyau a ci gaba da sabunta Tarin Sabis na nau'in ku, saboda wannan yana shafar kulawa.

Ganin dubban manyan fayiloli (15.000 ko 16.000) ba matsala bane a cikin kansa: cache yana kiyaye tsari ta fakiti da nau'ikan, kuma yawancin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ne. Idan "Cache da bayanan wucin gadi" shine 0, kusan babu takarce; Kada kayi ƙoƙarin share manyan fayiloli da hannusaboda za ku sanya tsarin cikin haɗari.

A ƙarshe, tuna cewa Jadawalin Aiki yana da jira na kwanaki 30 don sababbin sigogin da iyakacin awa 1 lokacin da yake gudana ta atomatik. Tilasta saki tare da DISM yana kawar da wannan jira da ƙayyadaddun lokaci, wanda yawanci yana haifar da ƙarin sakin gaggawa. Zaɓi hanyar bisa ga gaggawar ku da haƙurin haɗarin ku na rashin iya cire faci.

Matakan jagora: Buɗe CMD azaman mai gudanarwa kuma gudanar da DISM

Idan baku taɓa amfani da DISM ba, da taya Yana da sauki. Bude mashin bincike, rubuta "CMD", danna-dama, kuma zaɓi "Run as administration". Tare da haɓaka na'urar bidiyo, zaku iya dubawa da tsaftacewa tare da umarni baya. Ba tare da gata mai gudanarwa ba DISM ba za ta iya yin aiki a kan sito ba.

Jerin da aka ba da shawarar zai zama: 1) yin nazari tare da "/AnalyzeComponentStore"; 2) idan akwai fakitin da za a iya dawo da su, gudanar da “/StartComponentCleanup”; 3) idan kana neman matsakaicin tanadi kuma ba kwa buƙatar komawa, ƙara "/ ResetBase". Auna bayan kowane mataki don tantance ko yana da daraja zuwa na gaba.

Duba girman a cikin Explorer (kuma me yasa yake yaudara)

Idan kana son duban kusa, za ka iya ganin "girman bayyane" na babban fayil ta hanyar sanya abubuwan ɓoye a bayyane (a cikin ribbon Explorer, View tab) da buɗe kaddarorin C: \ Windows \ WinSxSZa ku ga "Size" da "Size on disk", wanda Ba su yi daidai da ''Gaskiya Girman'' DISM ba. saboda taurin kai. Yi amfani da wannan ra'ayi azaman jagora na gaba ɗaya, ba azaman ainihin ma'aunin tanadi ba.

A kan tsarin tare da sabuntawa da yawa tun lokacin amfani da su na farko, ya zama ruwan dare don tsaftacewa na farko tare da DISM don rage ajiya ta kusan 15-20% (lambobin da aka ruwaito), amma kowane tsarin ya bambanta. Adadin ku zai dogara na adadin fakitin da aka maye gurbinsu da nawa ya rage mai murmurewa.

Karin ayyuka don samun sarari: C: \ WindowsInstaller babban fayil (ci gaba)

Rubutun C: \ WindowsInstaller Ya ƙunshi cache mai sakawa MSI da faci masu mahimmanci don gyara ko cire software. Share shi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba mummunan ra'ayi ne. Duk da haka, akwai ci-gaba hanya don rage girman PatchCache ta gyara manufa da share cache directory. Yi amfani da shi kawai idan kun san abin da kuke yi. kuma bayan ƙirƙirar madadin / mayar.

Matakan da aka saba (in CMD (tare da gata mai gudanarwa) dakatar da sabis ɗin Windows Installer, daidaita maɓallin rajista na MaxPatchCacheSize, Suna share kundin cache kuma mayar da tsoho darajar. Jerin umarni zai yi kama da wani abu kamar haka:

Net Stop msiserver /Y
Reg Add HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v MaxPatchCacheSize /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
RmDir /q /s %WINDIR%\Installer\$PatchCache$
Net Start msiserver /Y
Net Stop msiserver /Y
Reg Add HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v MaxPatchCacheSize /t REG_DWORD /d 10 /f
Net Start msiserver /Y

Wannan tsari na iya 'yantar da gigabytes da yawa akan injinan da aka shigar da software da yawa, amma, muna maimaitawa, na iya shafar gyare-gyare ko cirewa de appsIdan ba ku gamsu da shi ba, kar a yi amfani da shi kuma ku mai da hankali kan tsaftace WinSxS tare da kayan aikin hukuma.

Kulawa a cikin hotunan layi

Idan kun shirya hotuna "reference" don turawa, yana da kyau a tsaftace kantin sayar da kayan aiki kafin ɗaukar su. DISM yana ba ku damar yin aiki akan hoton da aka ɗora (misali, a cikin D:\Mount) ta amfani da sauya hoto. Wannan yana rage girman tushe wanda sai ya gaji dukkan kayan aiki.

Dism.exe /Image:D:\Mount /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup
Dism.exe /Image:D:\Mount /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase

Gargadi iri ɗaya yana aiki: `/ResetBase` ba zai mayar da sabuntawa ga wannan hoton ba. Yi amfani da shi a ƙarshen tsarin shirye-shiryen, da zarar kun tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da facin da aka haɗa. Al'ada ce da aka ba da shawarar a cikin mahallin kamfanoni don adana bandwidth da sarari.

Fahimtar abin da ainihin WinSxS yake da kuma yadda Windows ke auna girman sa yana sa tsaftacewa ya daina tsalle cikin abin da ba a sani ba. Tsakanin Mai tsara Aiki, DISM, da Tsabtace Disk, kuna da duk kayan aikin da kuke buƙata don rage gigabytes ba tare da lalata kwanciyar hankali ba. Idan bincike ya nuna babu tanadi, ba bugu ba ne: Wannan yana nufin an riga an gyara ɗakin ajiyar ku.A cikin mahalli masu ci gaba, tsaftace hotunan layi kuma, tare da taka tsantsan, aiki akan babban fayil ɗin Mai sakawa na iya 'yantar da ƙarin sarari lokacin da ake buƙata da gaske.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Menene babban fayil ɗin WinSxS kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi ba tare da sanya Windows ɗinku cikin haɗari ba?

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.