Kwafi Fayiloli Tsakanin Disk tare da XCOPY ko Robocopy: Cikakken Jagora

Idan kuna aiki da Windows, ba dade ko ba dade za ku buƙaci matsar da manyan bayanai tsakanin fayafai ko sabobinA cikin wannan yanayin, da umarni XCOPY da ROBOCOPY wukake ne na Sojojin Swiss guda biyu Mahimmanci: mai sauri, sassauƙa, da ƙira don sarrafa komai daga madogara guda ɗaya zuwa tsarin aiki tare.

A cikin layi na gaba za ku sami jagora mai amfani kuma cikakke don fahimtar abin da kowane kayan aiki ke yi, Yaushe ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ɗaya ko ɗaya, kuma ta yaya za a sami mafi kyawun su tare da madaidaicin maɓalli? Don shari'o'in amfani na zahiri: tsarin babban fayil na clone, kwafi sabbin fayiloli ko gyara kawai, tsara kwafin windows, saka idanu canje-canje, samar da rajistan ayyukan, da ƙari mai yawa.

Menene XCOPY da ROBOCOPY a cikin Windows?

XCOPY da ROBOCOPY abubuwan amfani ne na layin umarni da aka gina a cikin Windows waɗanda ake amfani da su don kwafin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi. XCOPY yana mai da hankali kan kwafin fayiloli da yawa ko duka bishiyoyi (gami da hanyar sadarwa), tare da ƙarin abubuwan ci gaba fiye da COPY. ROBOCOPY (Kwafin Fayil mai ƙarfi) yana ci gaba da gaba: Injin kwafi ne mai ƙarfi tare da ɗimbin sigogi para aiki tare, madubi, sake gwada kurakurai kuma shigar da komai.

Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin XCOPY da ROBOCOPY

Babban bambancin aiki shine madubi: ROBOCOPY na iya " madubi" (/MIR) bishiyar directory, kawar da a inda aka nufa abin da ba ya wanzu a tushen; XCOPY baya madubi kamar haka.

A sarrafa kansa, ROBOCOPY ya yi fice tare da /RH (Run Hours) don saita ramukan lokaci kisa, wani abu da XCOPY baya bayarwa na asali. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙaddamar da ayyuka a cikin sa'o'i marasa ƙarfi ba tare da dogara ga lokacin umarni ba.

A cikin sa ido, ROBOCOPY ya haɗa /MON:n da /MOT:m don saka idanu canje-canje: maimaita bayan n gyare-gyare ko kowane m minti idan ya gano sababbin canje-canje. XCOPY ba shi da yanayin sauraron daidai.

A cikin halayen, duka biyu suna hulɗa da sifa ta Taskar, amma ROBOCOPY yana kwafin ƙarin metadata (tsaro, mai shi, dubawa, tambarin lokaci) tare da /COPY da /DCOPY. Wannan shine maɓalli a cikin mahalli na NTFS tare da izini mai kyau.

Iyakoki da la'akari da mahimmanci

Babu XCOPY ko ROBOCOPY sihiri ne tare da fayilolin da ake amfani da su: Buɗe fayiloli yawanci suna bayarwa matsalolin toshewa, sai dai idan kun yi amfani da sabis na hoto ko madadin da ke goyan bayan VSS. Ka tuna da wannan a kan tsarin samarwa.

XCOPY baya nuna cikakken ci gaba kuma yana iya zama spartan; Ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don tallafawa kundin OS "zafi" ba.. A gefe guda, ROBOCOPY yana ba da ƙarin fa'ida da lambobin fita masu amfani.

Game da daidaitawa, halayen da ba daidai ba a cikin ROBOCOPY an ruwaito su akan tsarin kafin Windows Vista; A kan nau'ikan Windows na zamani yana aiki kamar yadda aka zata. Hakanan ku tuna da FAT granularity na ɗan lokaci: Tare da / FFT muna ɗauka daidaici na 2 na biyu.

Yadda ake amfani da XCOPY mataki-mataki

Tsarin gabaɗaya shine Mafarin tushen XCOPY Misali, don kwafi babban fayil tare da duk abubuwan da ke cikinsa, gami da ɓoyayyun manyan fayiloli masu ɓoye da wofi, da ci gaba da kurakurai, zaku iya amfani da:

XCOPY C:\test D:\test /E /H /C /I

Ma'anar waɗannan maɓalli: /E (ƙas ɗin kundin adireshi, gami da na wofi), /H (boye da tsarin fayiloli), /C (ci gaba ko da akwai kurakurai) da /I (idan a cikin shakka, ɗauki wuri a matsayin directory). Su ne abubuwan yau da kullun don kwafin taro ba tare da wauta ba.

Golden tip: idan akwai sarari a kan hanyoyi, kunsa su cikin alamun zance, misali "D:\Mis Datos". Za ku guje wa kurakuran da ke haifar da kwatankwacin harsashi.

Yadda ake amfani da Robocopy mataki-mataki

Tushen syntax shine ROBOCOPY tushen manufa . Don kwafi takamaiman fayiloli daga wannan babban fayil zuwa wani, misali mai sauƙi zai zama:

robocopy E:\backuptest F:\backuptest1 a-test.docx b-test.txt

Don yin kwafin "masu wayo" za ku iya ƙarawa /XO (banda tsofaffi) ko / MIR ( madubi, daidai da /E + /PURGE). Waɗannan hanyoyi ne gama gari guda biyu na haɓakawa / aiki tare bisa ga manufar da ake so.

Misalin rayuwa na ainihi wanda ya haɗa multithreading da sake buɗewar hanyar sadarwa: yana inganta aiki da juriya con /MT y /Z kwafi zuwa rabawa:

robocopy C:\reports \\marketing\videos yearly-report.mov /mt /z

Kuma kar a manta da yin rajista: ajiye log don tantancewa da tabbatarwa daga baya. Misali: /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log ko a Unicode tare da /UNILOG.

Kwafi sabbin fayiloli ko gyara kawai

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na classic: XCOPY tare da /D da bambance-bambancen karatuda kuma Robocopy tare da kwanan wata/shekaru ko tacewa. Zaɓi ko kuna son ba da izinin sabbin fayiloli a wurin da ake nufi ko sabunta waɗanda suke kawai.

Tare da XCOPY, haɗin da ya dace shine /D. Ba tare da kwanan wata ba, kwafi duk abin da ya saba fiye da inda ake nufi. Kuna iya haɗawa da /U don kwafi fayilolin da suka rigaya sun kasance a wurin da aka nufa (ba ya ƙirƙira sababbi), /S don manyan fayiloli da /Y don gujewa tambaya lokacin da aka sake rubutawa.

Halin yanayi na yau da kullun tare da XCOPY (daidaita hanyoyi da amfani da ƙididdiga idan ya cancanta): Suna kewayo daga sabunta waɗanda suke kawai zuwa kuma kawo sabbin kundayen adireshi..

• Sabunta sabuwar (zaka iya ƙirƙirar sababbi idan babu su): xcopy "D:\Source" "K:\Target" /S /D
• Sabuntawa ba tare da ƙirƙirar sabbin kundayen adireshi ba: xcopy "D:\Source" "K:\Target" /I /D /Y
• Sabuntawa kawai idan ya riga ya kasance a wurin da aka nufa: xcopy "D:\Source" "K:\Target" /S /D /U
• Kawo sabbin kundin adireshi kuma: xcopy "D:\Source\copy files" "K:\Target\files copiados" /I /D /Y /E

Tare da ROBOCOPY, dabaru guda biyu sun zama gama gari: tace da shekaru tare da /MAXAGE:n (n kwanaki) da/ko ware tsofaffi tare da /XO. Don kauce wa kundin adireshi, ƙara /S. Wannan shine yadda kuke samun haɓaka mai sauƙi ba tare da rikitarwa ba.

• Kwafi sabon ko ƙarawa: robocopy D:\folder1 E:\folder2 /MAXAGE:7 o robocopy D:\folder1 E:\folder2 /XO /MAXAGE:7
• Babu komai a cikin manyan fayiloli: add /S ga kowane daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama

Musamman takamaiman lamari? Wataƙila kuna so kwafi kawai waɗanda suka canza, amma kada ku ƙirƙiri sababbi (kamar yadda mai gudanarwa ya buƙata don kwatanta canje-canjen sanyi). Tare da ROBOCOPY zaka iya amfani /XL don ware fayilolin “keɓantacce” (yana nan a tushen amma ba a inda ake nufi ba) kuma a bar shi ya kwafi waɗanda kawai suka bambanta: robocopy "C:\Origen" "D:\Destino" /S /XL. Wannan shine yadda ake sabunta mods ɗin da ke akwai kuma ba a ƙara sababbin fayiloli ba.

Madubi da aiki tare: /MIR,/PURGE da taka tsantsan

Yanayin madubi ROBOCOPY, /MIR, kwafi kuma yana gogewa a inda aka nufa duk abin da ya ɓace daga tushen (daidai da / E + / PURGE). Yana da amfani ga tsaftataccen tura kayan aiki, amma haɗari idan kuna nufin kuskure: Idan kun zaɓi wurin da ba daidai ba, kuna iya share bayanan. cewa ba ku so ku taɓa.

Idan kana neman kawai share fayilolin da suka rage, / TSARA isa; /MIR kuma yana tabbatar da tsarin gaba ɗaya (ciki har da marasa komai). Zabi ma'auratan da suka fi dacewa tare da manufofin aiki tare.

Kwafi kawai tsarin babban fayil tare da XCOPY

Lokacin da kuke buƙatar maimaita tsarin ba tare da fayiloli ba, XCOPY yana warware shi da /T (tsari kawai) da /E (ya haɗa da manyan fayiloli marasa komai). Manufa don shirya scaffolding a cikin sabon yanayi.

Alal misali: XCOPY "C:\Users\Default\Carpeta de pruebas" "D:\Pruebas" /T /E. Hanya ta farko ita ce tushen tsarin da kake son clone; na biyu, inda za ku ƙirƙiri irin wannan matsayi.

Hanyoyi hudu don yin kwafi daga CMD

Wadanda suka fi son consoles na iya rufe kusan kowace bukata tare da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka. Zaɓi dangane da ko fayilolin ɗaya ne, tsari, ko kuma idan kuna buƙatar hoton tsarin.:

• 1) ROBOCOPY: Umurnin da aka ba da shawarar don manyan madaidaitan ma'auni, tare da sigogi sama da 80 da masu sauyawa. Mafi dacewa don babban rabon hanyar sadarwa. sake gwadawa ta atomatik da cikakkun bayanai.
• 2) XCOPY: Layin gargajiya don fayiloli da kundayen adireshi tare da sauyawa masu amfani kamar /D, /E, /H, /C. Sauƙaƙan kuma isa ga yawancin batches na asali.
• 3) Notepad: a cikin yanayin farfadowa, ƙaddamarwa notepad.exe daga CMD, yi amfani da Fayil > Ajiye Kamar don kewayawa da kwafi zuwa kebul tare da "Aika zuwa". Dabaru mai amfani lokacin da tsarin ba zai yi taya ba kuma kuna son adana fayiloli ba tare da gwagwarmaya da umarni ba.
• 4) EaseUS Todo Ajiyayyen (CLI): don ɓangarori, faifai da tsarin, umarnin ku etbcmd damar cikakku, banbanta, da madaidaitan kari, har ma zuwa hanyoyin sadarwa, kuma yana da GUI.

AOMEI Backupper: madadin hoto don aiki tare da goyan baya

Idan kun fi son dubawar hoto da zaɓuɓɓukan ci gaba ba tare da haddar maɓalli ba, AOMEI Backupper shine cikakken madadin zuwa XCOPY/ROBOCOPY don aiki tare da madadin.

Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai: aiki tare da USB, NAS, cibiyar sadarwa ko gajimare; Hanya ɗaya, ta biyu, madubi, da aiki tare na ainihin-lokaci (uku na ƙarshe a cikin bugu na biya); atomatik shirye-shirye da ikon kwafin fayiloli masu buɗewa ba tare da toshe aiki ba.

Jagoran Farawa Mai Saurin Aiki tare: Shigar kuma buɗe, je zuwa Aiki tare > Asalin Aiki tare, zaɓi manyan fayilolin tushe, zaɓi wurin da za a nufa (faifan waje, cibiyar sadarwa, gajimare...), sannan ka tsara jadawalin idan kana so kullum, mako-mako ko wata-wataKuna iya ƙara bayanin kula kuma kunna sanarwar imel.

Hakanan yana ba da izini madadin fayil (matsin hoto), farfadowa da cloning, da sauran abubuwan amfani. Idan kun yi amfani da girgijen su, bayan rajista suna bayarwa Gwajin TB 1 na kwanaki 15 don ajiyar girgije.

Robocopy a cikin zurfin: manyan zaɓuɓɓukan da aka tsara da kyau

Don samun fa'ida daga gare ta, ga mafi dacewa nau'ikan sigina. Ana kuma tuntubar duk da "robocopy /?" a cikin CMD idan kuna son fadada cikakkun bayanai.

Kwafi zaɓuɓɓuka

• /S: subdirectories (ban da na wofi). /E: fanko hada subdirectories.
• /ZYanayin sake kunnawa. /B: yanayin madadin. /ZB: Restartable kuma idan ya kasa, yana zuwa madadin.
• /J: I/O mara buffer (an shawarta don manyan fayiloli). /EFRAW: kwafi rufaffiyar fayiloli a cikin ɗanyen yanayi.
• /KABI:: abin da kaddarorin don kwafi (bayanai, halaye, lokuta, ACL, mai shi, dubawa; tsoho DAT).
• /DCOPY:: abin da za a kwafa cikin kundin adireshi (default DA).
• /SEC (= /COPY:DATS), /COPYALL (= DATSOU), /NOCOPY (mai amfani tare da /PURGE), /SECFIX, /TIMFIX.
• / TSARA: yana goge a inda aka nufa abin da ya ɓace a tushen. / MIR: madubi (= /E + /PURGE).
• /MOV: matsar da fayiloli. /MOTSA: yana motsa fayiloli da kundayen adireshi.
• /A+: y /TO-:: ƙara ko cire sifofi lokacin yin kwafi.
• / KYAUTA: yana haifar da tsayin sifili da fayiloli. /FATTA: suna 8.3. / 256: Kashe hanyoyi > 256.
• /MON:n, /MOT: m: saka idanu canje-canje. /RH:hmm-hmm: lokacin taga. /PF: duba ta fayil.
• /IPG:n: fakitin sarari (layi masu sannu-sannu). /SJ//SL: hali tare da alamar alaƙa.
• /MT:n: multithreaded (1-128, tsoho 8). Bai dace da /IPG ko /EFRAW ba. Yana haɓaka aiki sosai.
• /NODCOPY, / BABU KYAUTA, /COMPRESS, /SARAUNIYA:y|n, /NOCLONE: Babban saitunan kwafi.
• /IOMAXSIZE, /IORATE, / WUTA: I/O da iyakancewar bandwidth (mafi ƙarancin 524.288 bytes/s).

Zaɓin fayil

• /A: kawai tare da sifa na Fayil. /M: Fayil kuma tsaftace shi bayan kwafi.
• /IA: e / NA:: haɗa / ware ta halaye.
• /XF Sunaye, /XD kundayen adireshi: keɓe ta tsari (katunan daji * da?).
• /XC: ban da tambarin lokaci guda amma girman daban-daban. /XN: ban da sababbi a inda aka nufa. /XO: ban da tsofaffi.
• /XX: ban da kari a inda aka nufa (ba ya gogewa). /XL: ban da "kaɗaici" (asali kawai).
• / IM: sun haɗa da gyara (lokacin canzawa). /IS: sun hada da daidai. / IT: sun haɗa da "retouched" (halayen).
• /MAX:n, /MIN:n: iyaka girman. /MAXAGE:n, /MINAGE:n: iyaka ta shekaru ko kwanan wata.
• /MAXLAD, /MINLAD: damar ƙarshe (idan n <1900, kwanaki ne; in ba haka ba, YYYYMMDD).
• /XJ, /XJD, /XJF: ware maki maki. /FFT: lokutan mai (2 s). /DST: daidaita lokacin adana hasken rana.

Sake gwadawa

• /R:n: sake gwadawa (tsoho 1.000.000). /W:n: jira tsakanin sakewa (tsoho 30 s). /REG: ajiye azaman tsoho.
• /TBD: jira a fayyace sunayen da aka raba (kuskure 67). /LFSM: Yanayin ƙananan sarari, dakata da ci gaba dangane da ƙarar "bene".

Shiga

• /L: jeri kawai (ba ya kwafi/share/kwana). /V: cikakken fitarwa. /TS: timestamp. /FP: cikakkun hanyoyi. /BYTES: girma a cikin bytes.
• /NS, /NC, /NFL, /NDL, /NP: daidaita magana (babu masu girma dabam, azuzuwan, sunaye, ci gaba…). /ETA: kimanta lokaci.
• /LOG: file, /LOG+: file, /UNILOG:file, /UNILOG+: file, /TEE, /NJH, /NJS, /UNICODE: cikakken iko na log.

Ayyuka

• / AIKI: suna, /Ajiye: suna: ajiye / loda sigogi na "aiki". /DAUKAKA: fita bayan layin sarrafawa (duba sigogi).
• /NOSD//NODD: ba asali/makowa. /IF: hada da takamaiman fayiloli.

Ƙarin bayanin kula na hukuma: /MIR da /PURGE sun daina taɓa Bayanan Ƙarar Tsarin a cikin tushen; "gyara rarraba" yana buƙatar tsarin fayil wanda ke goyan bayan lokutan canji; /DCOPE:E yunƙurin kwafi ƙarin sifofi cikin kundayen adireshi; Za a iya daidaita ma'auni mai maƙarƙashiya kuma tsarin zai iya tilasta iyakoki masu inganci; /LFSM saita bene zuwa 10% na ƙarar idan ba ku ba da ƙima ba kuma bai dace da /MT da /EFRAW ba.

Lambobin fita

• 0: babu fayilolin da aka kwafi, babu kurakurai.
• 1:: duk an kwafesu daidai.
• 2: Akwai ƙarin fayiloli a wurin da aka nufa, ba a kwafi su ba.
• 3: wasu kofe, akwai kari, babu kurakurai.
• 5: wasu sun kwafi, wasu basu dace ba, babu kurakurai.
• 6: kari da rashin daidaituwa; ba kwafi, babu kurakurai.
• 7: an kwafi wani abu, akwai kurakurai masu dacewa da ƙari.
• 8: ba a kwafi fayiloli da yawa ba.

misalai masu amfani

• Kwafi duk (ciki har da komai) tare da sake yi da shiga: robocopy C:\Users\Admin\Records D:\Backup /E /ZB /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log
• Madubi tare da 'yan sakewa da ɗan gajeren jira: robocopy C:\Users\Admin\Records D:\Backup /MIR /R:2 /W:5 /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log
• Kwafi manyan fayiloli kuma kiyaye DAT tare da zaren guda 16: robocopy C:\Users\Admin\Records D:\Backup /S /E /COPY:DAT /MT:16 /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log
• Matsar ban da na sama zuwa kwanaki 7: robocopy C:\Users\Admin\Records D:\Backup /S /MAXAGE:7 /MOV /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log
• Tare da ETA da tsaftacewa na ragowar: robocopy C:\Users\Admin\Records D:\Backup /ETA /PURGE /LOG:C:\Logs\Backup.log
• Iyakance I/O zuwa 1 MB/s: robocopy C:\Records D:\Backup /iorate:1m
• Kar a kwafi wani abu idan ya riga ya wanzu (ko da kuwa kwanan wata): robocopy C:\Source C:\Destination /XC /XN /XO