Cikakken kwatance: Vulkan vs DirectX vs OpenGL don Windows

Idan kuna sha'awar duniyar zanen PC, tabbas kun ji sunaye kamar Vulkan, DirectX, da OpenGL.. Sau da yawa, zabar tsakanin waɗannan fasahohin na iya bambanta tsakanin wasan da ke gudana ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma yana da zane mai ban sha'awa da wanda ke yin tuntuɓe ko baya cin gajiyar ku. hardware.

Don haka, idan kun taɓa yin mamakin wane zaɓi ya fi dacewa don haɓaka wasa ko aiki akan Windows, kula: anan shine mafi fa'ida da kwatancen zamani don share duk wani shakku.

Menene APIs jadawali kuma me yasa suke da mahimmanci?

APIs ɗin Graphics (Musulun Shirye-shiryen Aikace-aikacen) sune gada kai tsaye tsakanin software na wasan da katin zane.Babban aikinsa shi ne ƙyale masu haɓakawa su yi hulɗa tare da hardware (musamman GPU) don cimma 2D da 3D graphics, sarrafa laushi da tasirin gani, da inganta tsarin amfani da albarkatu.

Ba tare da ingantaccen haɗin kai da na zamani APIs ba, ko da mafi kyawun kayan aiki ba zai iya buɗe cikakkiyar damarsa ba.Wannan yana fassara zuwa bambance-bambance a cikin aiki, ingancin gani, dacewa, da sauƙi na haɓakawa, duka don wasanni da kuma yin kwaikwayo ko aikace-aikacen ƙira.

DirectX: Giant na Microsoft akan Windows

DirectX tarin APIs ne wanda Microsoft ya haɓaka kuma an tsara shi da farko don Windows da Xbox. Ya haɗa da kayan aiki don zane-zane (Direct3D), sauti, shigarwar bayanai, da ƙari, yana mai da shi cikakken babban ɗaki don haɓaka multimedia.

Babban fa'idodin DirectX:

• Zurfafa haɗin kai cikin Windows: Ya zo da an riga an shigar dashi kuma an inganta shi don tsarin aiki da hardware na Microsoft.
• Taimako da takaddun shaida masu yawaAkwai tarin albarkatu, koyawa, da kayan aiki kamar Visual Studio da kwazon bayanan martaba.
• Fasaha na yanke-yanke: DirectX 12 Ultimate yana goyan bayan gano hasken haske, inuwa na ci gaba, da ingantaccen sarrafa kayan aikin zamani.

A gefe guda, mummunan yanayin DirectX shine cewa rufaffiyar fasaha ce, keɓanta ga Microsoft.Wannan yana nufin kawai za ku iya cin gajiyar sa akan Windows ko Xbox, mai tsananin iyakance ci gaban dandamali.

OpenGL: Tsohon soja, mai iya aiki da fare da yawa

OpenGL API ɗin zane ne wanda ƙungiyar Khronos ke sarrafa kuma an tsara shi don aiki akan kusan kowane tsarin aiki.:windows, Linux, macOS da ma na'urorin hannu.

Babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne iya ɗauka da dacewa, Yin shi mafi kyawun zaɓi don ayyukan da ke neman isa ga dandamali da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi sun haɗa da::

• Buɗe da giciye-dandamali API: Duk wani mai haɓakawa zai iya amfani da shi, kuma yana dacewa da yawancin na'urori da tsarin.
• Rikodin waƙa mai ƙarfi da al'umma mai aiki: OpenGL ya kasance ma'auni na shekaru, wanda ke nufin yawancin takardu da misalai.
• Juyin halitta akai-akai: Shafin 4.6 ya gabatar da ingantawa ga shaders, ma'ana, da haɓaka bututun zane.

Koyaya, OpenGL ya ɗan ɗan rage bayan Vulkan. dangane da sarrafa kayan masarufi da inganci, kodayake har yanzu ana amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shirye da aikace-aikace marasa adadi.

Vulkan: Sabon ma'auni don ingantaccen, ci gaban dandamali

Vulkan shine juyin halittar OpenGL kuma an tsara shi don ba da dama kai tsaye ga kayan aikin zane.Ana siffanta shi da kasancewa ƙaramin matakin API, wanda ke nufin cewa masu shirye-shirye na iya haɓaka amfani da CPU da GPU.

Babban halayensa shine:

• Buɗe tushen kuma ƙungiyar Khronos tana kulawa, tare da tallafi daga manyan masana'antun kayan aiki.
• Multi dandamaliYana aiki akan Windows, Linux, Android, BSD Unix, da kuma a kan consoles kamar Nintendo Switch.
• Jimlar iko akan kayan aikin: Yana ba ku damar matse matsakaicin ƙarfi daga kowane GPU, tare da haɓaka haɓakawa don tsarin multi-threaded da CPUs masu yawa.
• Babban inganci da aikiWasanni da aikace-aikace na iya ba da FPS mafi girma da ƙananan latency, musamman akan tsarin tare da ƙananan CPUs.

Tabbas, wannan inganci da sarrafawa yana zuwa da tsada.: Vulkan ya fi rikitarwa fiye da DirectX ko OpenGL kuma yana buƙatar babban tsarin ilmantarwa.

Kwatancen fasaha: Vulkan, DirectX da OpenGL kai zuwa kai

Ga masu son fasaha, ga mahimman bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan APIs.:

A cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi akan tsarin Windows 7 iri ɗaya, Vulkan na iya fin DirectX a cikin FPS tare da daidaitattun kayan aikin (misali 303.4 FPS don Vulkan vs. 270.6 FPS don DirectX, bisa ga tushe daban-daban).

Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kowane API don Windows

Zaɓi tsakanin DirectX, Vulkan da OpenGL ba baƙar fata da fari ba ne.Kowane mutum yana da yanayi inda ya yi fice wasu kuma inda ba su dace ba. Mun taƙaita mahimman abubuwan don yanke shawara mai kyau:

• DirectX Yana da manufa idan kana neman cikakken jituwa tare da Windows da Xbox, tabbacin kwanciyar hankali, da babban tallafin fasaha. Yawancin lokaci shine zaɓi na farko don ɗakunan studio na AAA da ƙa'idodin wasannin Windows na kasuwanci.
• aman wuta Ya yi fice don ingancinsa, aiki, da kuma iyawar dandamali. Yana da mafi kyawun zaɓi ga masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɓaka haɓakawa da kuma ayyukan da suke son ƙaddamarwa akan dandamali fiye da ɗaya.
• OpenGL Ya kasance ingantaccen na'ura wasan bidiyo don ɗaukar hoto da ayyukan da ke buƙatar aiki akan tsarin da yawa, kodayake ana ƙara ƙarancin amfani da shi a cikin taken zamani yayin fuskantar haɓakar Vulkan.

Idan kuna sha'awar samun mafi kyawun kayan aikin ku, Halin da ake ciki yanzu shine mayar da hankali kan Vulkan a cikin sababbin ko buɗaɗɗen ayyukan.Idan makasudin shine tabbatar da daidaituwa da rage matsalolin haɓakawa, DirectX ya kasance sarki akan Windows.

Wadanne masu fafatawa ne?

Yayin da DirectX, Vulkan, da OpenGL suka mamaye shimfidar wuri akan Windows, akwai wasu APIs waɗanda suka dace a wasu takamaiman mahallin.:

• Metal: API ɗin ƙananan matakan zane na keɓance ga na'urorin Apple (macOS da iOS), tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa ga waccan kayan aikin.
• Webgl: Dangane da OpenGL ES, yana ba da damar yin 3D da 2D graphics kai tsaye a cikin masu binciken gidan yanar gizo ba tare da plugins ba, mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen yanar gizo masu mu'amala.
• Mantle: Fasahar majagaba da AMD ta ƙirƙira, precursor zuwa Vulkan, kodayake ba a tallafawa.
• Direct3D: Sashe na DirectX, mayar da hankali kawai akan zane-zane na 3D kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin mahallin Windows.

Sauran fasahohin irin su GDI/GDI+ na Microsoft Har yanzu ana amfani da su don aikace-aikacen hoto akan Windows, kodayake basu dace da wasannin bidiyo na zamani ko ayyuka waɗanda ke buƙatar babban FPS ba.

Yadda ake sanin ko PC ɗinku yana goyan bayan DirectX, Vulkan ko OpenGL da yadda ake ɗaukakawa

Don jin daɗin sabbin abubuwa da ingantaccen aiki a wasanni da shirye-shirye, yana da kyau a san waɗanne nau'ikan APIs ɗin da kuka shigar da yadda ake sabunta su.Ga mahimman matakai:

• DirectX: Latsa "Windows + R", rubuta dxdiag kuma gudu don ganin sigar a cikin System tab. Don sabuntawa, zazzage mai sakawa na hukuma na Microsoft (dxwebsetup.exe).
• OpenGL: Yi amfani da shirye-shirye kamar GPU-Z (zazzagewa nan) don ganin dacewa da sigar. An sabunta OpenGL tare da direbobi zanen katin ku daga gidan yanar gizon masana'anta.
• aman wuta: GPU-Z kuma yana gaya muku idan kuna da goyon bayan Vulkan. Don gano ainihin sigar, shigar GLview. Kamar OpenGL, ana sabunta Vulkan ta hanyar shigar da sabbin direbobi na hukuma don katin zane na ku.

DirectX vs Vulkan vs. OpenGL a cikin Wasannin Bidiyo: Ayyuka da Daidaituwa

A cikin masana'antar wasan bidiyo, ana yin yaƙi akai-akai don samun mafi kyawun aikin gani ba tare da hukunta ruwa ba.Bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin DirectX, Vulkan, da OpenGL na iya zama mahimmanci dangane da take da kayan aikin da ake tambaya.

Misali, lakabi kamar kaddara (2016) ba ka damar zaɓar tsakanin DirectX da Vulkan. Yawancin masu amfani suna ba da rahoton cewa akan ƙananan kayan aiki, Vulkan yana samun FPS mafi girma da ƙwarewa mafi tsayi, yayin da DirectX yana aiki mafi kyau akan babban kayan aikin godiya ga haɓakar Windows na asali.

OpenGL, ko da yake an kasa amfani da shi a wasannin Windows na zamani, ya kasance katin trump don ɗaukar nauyi da dacewa, musamman a cikin ayyukan masu zaman kansu ko giciye.

Mai amfani na ƙarshe ba zai lura da bambanci ba, muddin wasan ya inganta sosai. Koyaya, a matakin haɓakawa, zaɓin API na iya shafar sauƙi na jigilar wasan tsakanin tsarin, samun damar yin amfani da fasahohin yanke-tsaye kamar binciken ray, ko mafi kyawun amfani da cikakkiyar damar CPUs masu yawan gaske na yanzu.

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.